Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : B

Correct answer: be released later by fire, disease or felling

Carbon stored in trees is not stored permanently: a fire, a pest outbreak, a drought or a change of land use can release decades of sequestration in a season, whereas the fossil carbon the credit offset is in the atmosphere for centuries. Registries manage the risk with buffer pools, insurance and long-term monitoring obligations, but it cannot be eliminated, and it is the standing objection to forestry credits.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : A

Correct answer: the emissions that would have occurred without it

The baseline is the counterfactual: what would have happened in the absence of the project. Credits are issued for the difference between that baseline and the project’s actual emissions, so the whole integrity of an offset rests on how honestly the baseline is drawn. A generous baseline manufactures credits for reductions that never occurred, which is why baselines follow approved methodologies and are independently validated.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : B

Cradle to grave accounting prevents a change that lowers emissions at the factory while raising them in use or in disposal from being counted as an improvement. A cradle to gate study stops at the factory door and must say so.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : A

Correct answer: 2800

Work through the blocks in turn: \[ 100 \times 4 = 400, \quad 200 \times 6 = 1200, \quad 150 \times 8 = 1200, \] \[ \text{total} = 2800. \] The 450 units fall into all three blocks, the last block taking the 150 units beyond 300. Charging all 450 at the highest rate gives 3600, which is the commonest error with a block tariff.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : B

Correct answer: 400 kWh/tonne

\[ \frac{12\,000\ \mathrm{MWh}}{30\,000\ \mathrm{t}} = \frac{12\,000\,000\ \mathrm{kWh}}{30\,000\ \mathrm{t}} = 400\ \mathrm{kWh/t}. \] The conversion from megawatt hours to kilowatt hours is where the arithmetic usually goes wrong, and the answers offered differ by exactly that factor of a thousand.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : A

The target is expressed per unit of output, so a plant that grows its production is not penalised and one that shrinks gains nothing. Targets differ between plants according to how far each already is from the sector's best.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : A

Correct answer: low cost per unit of energy

Lead acid remains the cheapest practical rechargeable chemistry per kilowatt hour, and its materials are abundant and almost entirely recycled. Everything else about it is inferior to lithium ion: it is heavy, its cycle life is short if it is deeply discharged, and it deteriorates if left standing discharged. Cost is what keeps it in service for standby and starting duties.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : A

Keeping the compression heat in a thermal store and returning it to the air before expansion removes the need for any fuel and lifts the round trip efficiency substantially. The thermal store is the difficult and costly component.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : B

Correct answer: 75 to 80 per cent

Losses arise in the pumps and turbines, in the pipework and in the electrical machines, and a modern reversible pump-turbine scheme returns about three quarters to four fifths of what it took in. That is high for a bulk store of this size, and combined with a life measured in many decades it is what has kept pumped hydro dominant despite its site constraints.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : B

A blind inside absorbs the energy within the conditioned volume and re-radiates it there, so the plant still has to remove it. Keeping the sun off the glass is the only measure that removes the gain rather than relocating it.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : D

Correct answer: the gross wall area of that facade

The ratio is per facade and is taken against the whole wall, glazed and opaque together. Computing it per facade matters because the right value differs with orientation - generous on the north, restrained on the west - and a whole-building average would conceal exactly that.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : B

Correct answer: both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason explains the assertion

Both are true and the reason gives the mechanism. A power station’s efficiency counts electricity alone against the fuel and reaches perhaps 40 per cent; a cogeneration plant’s counts electricity and heat together and reaches 75 or 80. The second is not better by a factor of two - it is a different measurement, and comparing them directly rewards the plant that produces less electricity.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : B

A wide spread makes generating on site attractive and a narrow one makes buying from the grid cheaper, so the scheme's viability moves with the two prices. Adding the value of the recovered heat is what usually closes the case.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : D

A megawatt of peak relief avoids the station, the lines and the substation capacity together, and the sum of those is what a programme is compared against. That breadth of avoided cost is exactly why the comparison so often favours the demand side.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : C

The load curve says when the system is short, the avoided cost says what relief is worth, that budget determines what programme and incentive can be afforded, and the evaluation establishes what was actually delivered.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : C

Correct answer: 0.67

The peak falls to 720 MW while the average is unchanged: \[ \frac{480}{720} = 0.667. \] Clipping ten per cent from the peak has raised the load factor by seven points, and it has done so by reducing the denominator - which is why peak reduction is worth more per megawatt hour than a general reduction in consumption.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : A

Interval data makes a time-varying tariff billable and lets the utility establish what a programme actually delivered. Switching requires a separate control device, and theft detection is a valuable but distinct benefit.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : C

Eight hundred thousand units at seven each is 5.6 million, which is the figure that makes an energy target real to a department manager. Presenting the same information in megawatt hours alone rarely has the same effect.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : A

Correct answer: source a stated share of its energy from renewable generation

A renewable purchase obligation sets the minimum fraction of a licensee’s energy that must come from renewable sources, and the obligation can be met by buying that power or by buying renewable energy certificates from someone who generated more than their own share. It creates demand rather than supply, which is why it works alongside rather than instead of generation incentives.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : D

They comprise the technical losses in lines and transformers together with theft, which is why the figure in some systems is far above what physics alone would give. The difference between billed and collected is a separate commercial loss.