Instruction
- Total number of questions : 20
- Time allotted : 30:00 Minutes:Seconds.
- Each question carry 1 mark, no negative marks.
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Environmental Science [ Question No: 1 To 20 ] :
National Biodiversity Authority is setup at :
A narrow zone of habitat transition tends to increase in variety and density of species is known as :
The largest scale of biogeographic division of the land surfaces of the earth based on evolutionary distribution patterns of terrestrial plants and animals is ............
The zone at the edge of lake, sea or ocean which is alternatively exposed to air and immersed in water is called ........................ .
Which of the following is not an ex-situ germplasm conservation strategy ?
Which one of the following causes warming of the atmosphere but cooling of the Earth's surface ?
Which of the following is not ex-situ conservation strategies ?
Wetlands located in the low-laying depressions and flood plains associated with :
Consider the following statements :
1. The Nagoya Protocol was adopted in 2010 with the objective of ensuring access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their use.
2. After the ratification of the Nagoya Protocol, the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) was established in India to fulfil the obligations of the Protocol.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
Choose the correct statement(s) :
Statement I :
Corals are an endangered marine species and protected under Schedule I of Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
Statement II :
Rhizangiidae, Caryophylliidae and Dendrophylliidae are the names of Coral families, recently in news as the Maharashtra government gave permission to translocate some coral colonies in order to build a coastal road to ease traffic congestion.
Choose the correct option :
Consider the following statements :
A. The Central Ganga Authority was constituted in February 1985 to guide and oversee the implementation of a programme for restoring the water quality of the river Ganga.
B. The authority under the Chairmanship of the President reviews the overall progress of Ganga Action Plan at regular intervals and provides guidance.
Which of the statement/(s) is/are correct ?
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
"Eco-development" means ________ .
Consider the following statements regarding SAFAR system inaugurated recently :
A. It is a very advanced air quality and weather forecast system.
B. It was developed indigenously by Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune.
C. It will not measure sun's UV-Index.
Which of the above statement/s is/are correct ?
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
The meaning of conservation of natural resources is
Which gas is mostly responsible for global warming ?
The alternatives for ozone-depleting substances have caused for
(i) Production of ozone in the atmosphere
(ii) Increase in Greenhouse effect
(iii) Increase in the production of compounds with high global warming potential
Which of the statement(s) given above is correct?
Which of the following International agreements first imposed legally binding emission reduction tangents on developed countries?
Jharkhand Disaster Management Plan
To minimize the impact of mining the State Government has proposed to bring Legislative measures in line with the model of which state ?
As per 2019 figures per Capital Forest and Tree cover in Jharkhand is _____.
Total number of questions : 20
Number of answered questions : 0
Number of unanswered questions : 20
Environmental Science [ Question No: 1 To 20 ] :
National Biodiversity Authority is setup at :
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : B
The National Biodiversity Authority is set up at Chennai.
The National Biodiversity Authority was established in 2003 under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, with its headquarters in Chennai. It regulates access to biological resources and associated knowledge and the sharing of benefits from their use.
Bhopal, Bhubaneswar and Ahmedabad (printed 'Bhubaneshwar' and 'Ahemdabad') are not its seat.
A narrow zone of habitat transition tends to increase in variety and density of species is known as :
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : C
This is the edge effect.
Where two communities meet, such as a forest and a grassland, there is a transition zone called an ecotone. It contains species from both communities and some found only in the ecotone itself, so the variety and often the density of species is greater there than in either community. This tendency is the edge effect.
Ordination is a statistical method for arranging communities along gradients, a continuum is a gradual change in community composition along a gradient, and an ecotype is a locally adapted population of a species.
The largest scale of biogeographic division of the land surfaces of the earth based on evolutionary distribution patterns of terrestrial plants and animals is ............
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : A
The largest-scale division is the biogeographic realm.
Biogeographic realms (zoogeographic regions) are the largest units into which the Earth's land is divided on the basis of the evolutionary history and distribution of plants and animals. Following Wallace, six are usually recognised: Palaearctic, Nearctic, Neotropical, Ethiopian (Afrotropical), Oriental (Indo-Malayan) and Australian.
The Oriental, Ethiopian (printed 'Ethopian') and Neotropical (printed 'Neotrophic') realms are individual examples of realms, not the name of the level of division itself.
The zone at the edge of lake, sea or ocean which is alternatively exposed to air and immersed in water is called ........................ .
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : D
The zone is the littoral zone.
The littoral (intertidal) zone is the shore strip of a sea or lake that is covered by water at high tide or high water and exposed to air at low tide. Its organisms, such as barnacles, mussels and seaweeds, must tolerate drying, wave action and changing temperature.
The pelagic zone is the open water away from the bottom and shore, and the benthic zone is the bottom. 'Lentic' describes still-water habitats such as lakes and ponds as a whole, not a zone at their edge.
Which of the following is not an ex-situ germplasm conservation strategy ?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : C
The strategy that is not ex-situ is a Biosphere reserve.
Ex-situ conservation keeps germplasm outside its natural habitat: seed gene banks, DNA gene banks, field gene banks, botanical gardens and zoos.
A biosphere reserve protects species where they naturally occur, together with their ecosystem, which is in-situ conservation, like national parks and sanctuaries. That is why it is the odd one out.
Which one of the following causes warming of the atmosphere but cooling of the Earth's surface ?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : B
The answer is black carbon aerosols.
Black carbon (soot) absorbs sunlight strongly. The absorbed energy heats the layer of air in which the particles sit, while less sunlight reaches the ground, so the surface is dimmed and cooled. This combination of atmospheric heating and surface cooling is well documented for the South Asian brown cloud.
Ozone and the other greenhouse gases absorb outgoing infrared radiation and warm the surface as well as the lower atmosphere, so they do not cool the surface. Sulphate and nitrate aerosols mainly scatter sunlight back to space; they cool the surface but do not warm the atmosphere, since they absorb very little.
Which of the following is not ex-situ conservation strategies ?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : B
The one that is not an ex-situ strategy is National Park.
Ex-situ conservation protects species outside their natural habitats: in botanical gardens, zoos, seed banks, gene banks and tissue culture collections. These are the other three options.
A national park protects wild species in their natural habitat, together with the ecosystem they live in, so it is an in-situ method, along with wildlife sanctuaries and biosphere reserves.
Wetlands located in the low-laying depressions and flood plains associated with :
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : D
Such wetlands are associated with a river.
Flood plains are the flat lands beside a river that it floods periodically, and low-lying depressions on them, such as oxbow lakes, backswamps and marshes, hold water after floods. These riverine (riparian) wetlands are fed and renewed by the river's flood pulse.
Lake-fringe (lacustrine) wetlands and ponds lie in basins, not on flood plains, and dammed water forms reservoirs, which are artificial. Only the river creates flood plains.
Consider the following statements :
1. The Nagoya Protocol was adopted in 2010 with the objective of ensuring access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their use.
2. After the ratification of the Nagoya Protocol, the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) was established in India to fulfil the obligations of the Protocol.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : A
Only statement 1 is correct, so the answer is 1 only.
The Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing was adopted in October 2010 at the tenth Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, and entered into force in 2014. Its aim is access to genetic resources and fair and equitable sharing of the benefits from their use.
Statement 2 has the order reversed. India's National Biodiversity Authority was established in 2003 under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, which implemented the Convention on Biological Diversity, years before the Nagoya Protocol existed.
Choose the correct statement(s) :
Statement I :
Corals are an endangered marine species and protected under Schedule I of Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
Statement II :
Rhizangiidae, Caryophylliidae and Dendrophylliidae are the names of Coral families, recently in news as the Maharashtra government gave permission to translocate some coral colonies in order to build a coastal road to ease traffic congestion.
Choose the correct option :
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : C
The key accepts both statements, so the answer is Both I and II.
Reef-building corals, along with black corals, organ-pipe coral and others, are listed in Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, giving them the highest legal protection; damaging or removing them is an offence (Statement I).
In 2020 the Maharashtra government's mangrove cell was allowed to translocate coral colonies from the path of Mumbai's Coastal Road project, and the colonies were reported to belong to the families Rhizangiidae, Caryophylliidae and Dendrophylliidae (Statement II). With both statements accepted, the other options are wrong.
Consider the following statements :
A. The Central Ganga Authority was constituted in February 1985 to guide and oversee the implementation of a programme for restoring the water quality of the river Ganga.
B. The authority under the Chairmanship of the President reviews the overall progress of Ganga Action Plan at regular intervals and provides guidance.
Which of the statement/(s) is/are correct ?
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : A
Only statement A is correct, so the answer is A is correct.
The Central Ganga Authority was set up in February 1985 to oversee the Ganga Action Plan, launched in 1986 to restore the river's water quality by intercepting and treating sewage.
Statement B is wrong: the Authority was chaired by the Prime Minister, not the President. The President has no executive role in chairing such bodies. The Authority was later reconstituted as the National River Conservation Authority, and today the National Ganga Council is also headed by the Prime Minister. So 'B is correct' and 'both correct' are wrong, and 'both incorrect' ignores the true statement A.
"Eco-development" means ________ .
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : A
Eco-development means in situ conservation of biological diversity involving local communities.
Eco-development is a strategy for protecting wildlife in its natural habitat, such as national parks and sanctuaries, by involving the people who live around them. It reduces their dependence on the protected area's resources by offering alternative sources of fuel, fodder and income, so that conservation and local welfare support each other. India's Ecodevelopment Project of the 1990s applied it in several tiger reserves.
Ex situ conservation protects species outside their habitat, in zoos, botanical gardens and seed banks. Developing wasteland or forest land are land-use activities, not the meaning of eco-development.
Consider the following statements regarding SAFAR system inaugurated recently :
A. It is a very advanced air quality and weather forecast system.
B. It was developed indigenously by Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune.
C. It will not measure sun's UV-Index.
Which of the above statement/s is/are correct ?
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : C
Statements A and B are correct, so the answer is A and B only.
SAFAR, the System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting And Research, is an advanced system that forecasts air quality and weather for Indian cities (A). It was developed indigenously by the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, under the Ministry of Earth Sciences (B).
Statement C is false: SAFAR does measure and report the ultraviolet index along with pollutants such as PM2.5 and PM10, so options including C are wrong.
The meaning of conservation of natural resources is
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : D
Conservation means the suitable and well managed use of resources.
Conservation is the wise, planned use of natural resources so that they meet present needs while remaining available for future generations, which is the idea behind sustainable development.
It is not the same as not using resources at all, nor simply using them miserly. 'Use as per need' says nothing about management or renewal, so the fullest description is D.
Which gas is mostly responsible for global warming ?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : D
The gas mostly responsible for global warming is carbon dioxide.
Carbon dioxide, released mainly by burning coal, oil and natural gas and by deforestation, is the largest contributor to human-caused global warming because of the huge quantities emitted and its long life in the atmosphere. It accounts for roughly two-thirds or more of the warming effect of long-lived greenhouse gases.
Methane, nitrous oxide and CFCs trap more heat per molecule, but they are present in much smaller amounts, so their total contribution is smaller than that of carbon dioxide.
The alternatives for ozone-depleting substances have caused for
(i) Production of ozone in the atmosphere
(ii) Increase in Greenhouse effect
(iii) Increase in the production of compounds with high global warming potential
Which of the statement(s) given above is correct?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : A
Statements (ii) and (iii) are correct, so the answer is Only (ii) and (iii).
The main substitutes for ozone-depleting CFCs and HCFCs are hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). They contain no chlorine and so do not destroy ozone, but many of them are powerful greenhouse gases with a high global warming potential, hundreds to thousands of times that of carbon dioxide. Their growing use therefore adds to the greenhouse effect, which is why the 2016 Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol set a phase-down of HFCs.
Statement (i) is wrong: the substitutes simply stop destroying ozone; they do not produce it. Every option containing (i) is therefore wrong.
Which of the following International agreements first imposed legally binding emission reduction tangents on developed countries?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : B
The first legally binding emission targets came from the Kyoto Protocol.
The Kyoto Protocol, adopted in 1997 and in force from 2005, set legally binding targets for developed (Annex I) countries to cut their greenhouse gas emissions, by an average of about 5 per cent below 1990 levels in 2008-2012.
The Paris Agreement (2015) relies on nationally determined contributions that are not binding targets, the Montreal Protocol (1987) deals with ozone-depleting substances, and the Glasgow Climate Pact (2021) added commitments without binding targets.
Jharkhand Disaster Management Plan
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : D
The key's answer is Undertaking projects for restoration and strengthening of infrastructure.
The plan says the objectives of the State Disaster Management Authority are the development and updating of plans and strategies for any type of disaster, and undertaking projects for restoration and strengthening of infrastructure damaged by disasters. Option D repeats that second objective.
In Table 5 of the same plan the Jharkhand Disaster Management Plan is crossed for addressing the adaptation capabilities of community and for GHG emissions, and the plan's description of it does not mention afforestation, so A, B and C are not what the plan states.
To minimize the impact of mining the State Government has proposed to bring Legislative measures in line with the model of which state ?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : A
The key's answer is Andhra Pradesh.
The Jharkhand State Action Plan on Climate Change says that, to minimise the impacts of mining, the State Government proposes to bring some mining legislation in line with the Andhra Pradesh model, so that resources generated from mining can be used to replenish the development funds available to local bodies.
The plan names no other state in this context, so Maharashtra, Punjab and Odisha are wrong.
As per 2019 figures per Capital Forest and Tree cover in Jharkhand is _____.
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : A
The per capita forest and tree cover is about 0.08 ha.
Forest and tree cover in Jharkhand together come to roughly 26,000 sq km, which is about 2.6 million hectares. Spread over a population of about 33 million (Census 2011), that gives:
\[ \begin{aligned} &\frac{2.6 \times 10^{6}\ \text{ha}}{33 \times 10^{6}} \\ &\approx 0.08\ \text{ha} \end{aligned} \]
0.8 ha would need ten times as much forest, 0.48 ha six times as much, and 0.02 ha would mean only a quarter of the forest the state actually has.
Marks
Total number of questions : 20
Number of answered questions : 0
Number of unanswered questions : 20