Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : B

The key's answer is April-May.

Arjun (Terminalia arjuna) flowers in the hot season and its five-winged fruits ripen towards the end of the dry season, so they are collected from the trees in about April-May, before the monsoon, and can be sown with the first rains.

December-January and September-October are periods when the fruit is not ready, and July-August falls in the rains, after the fruits have fallen.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : B

The tree called 'Anjan' is Hardwickia binata.

Anjan is a tree of the dry deciduous forests of central and southern India, in the family Fabaceae. It is often pollarded for fodder, and its bark yields a strong reddish-brown fibre used for making ropes; its wood is also very hard and heavy.

Trema orientalis belongs to the Cannabaceae, Grewia optiva to the Malvaceae, and Butea monosperma (palas) is a Fabaceae tree but is not called Anjan.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : C

Form class volume tables need three variables.

A form class volume table gives tree volume in terms of diameter at breast height, total or merchantable height, and form class (a measure of stem taper such as the form quotient). Adding form as a third variable makes the table usable over a wider range of tree shapes.

A local volume table uses only diameter (one variable), and a general or standard volume table uses diameter and height (two). 'All of the above' does not apply.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : B

The area needed is about 2.5 acres.

At a spacing of 2.5 m × 2.5 m, each tree occupies 6.25 m²:

\[ \begin{aligned} \text{Area} &= 1600 \times 6.25 = 10000\ \text{m}^{2} \\ &= 1\ \text{hectare} \\ &= 2.47\ \text{acres} \end{aligned} \]

since one hectare is 2.471 acres (one acre is about 4,047 m²). This rounds to 2.5 acres. The larger figures of 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5 acres would correspond to wider spacing or more trees.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : A

The term 'social forestry' was coined by J.C. Westoby.

Jack Westoby, an FAO forest economist, used the term in 1968 for forestry that aims to provide goods and services for local communities, such as fuelwood, fodder and small timber, rather than revenue for the state. In India the idea was taken up by the National Commission on Agriculture (1976) and in social forestry projects of the 1980s.

The other names are not credited with coining the term.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : B

The term 'Social Forestry' was given by Westoby.

Jack Westoby, the British forest economist at the FAO, used the term in 1968, describing forestry that aims to produce flows of protection and recreation benefits for the community. In India it was taken up by the National Commission on Agriculture in 1976.

'Nestoby', 'Zestoby' and 'Hestoby' are invented variations on the name.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : B

The first State of Forest Report was published in 1987.

The Forest Survey of India, set up in 1981, published its first assessment of India's forest cover based on satellite imagery in 1987. Since then the report, now the India State of Forest Report, has been published every two years.

1983 is too early, and 1991 and 1993 are later editions of the series. The reports give forest cover by State and district, divided into very dense, moderately dense and open forest, and are the official measure of India's forest cover.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : A

The state with the maximum increase in forest cover between 2019 and 2021 was Andhra Pradesh.

The India State of Forest Report 2021 recorded an increase of 1,540 sq km in India's forest cover compared with 2019. The top three states were Andhra Pradesh (647 sq km), Telangana (632 sq km) and Odisha (537 sq km).

Madhya Pradesh has the largest forest cover of any state by area, but its increase over this period was small. Jharkhand's gain was also much smaller, and Arunachal Pradesh was among the states that recorded a loss of forest cover.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : A

The key takes 'ginger oil' to come from Cymbopogon martini.

Cymbopogon martini has two varieties: var. motia yields palmarosa oil, and var. sofia yields gingergrass oil, the 'ginger oil' of this question. (Oil from the ginger rhizome itself comes from Zingiber officinale, which is not offered.)

Cymbopogon nardus gives citronella oil, Cymbopogon flexuosus lemongrass oil, and Vetiveria zizanioides (printed 'Vetivera') vetiver or khus oil.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : C

Kapok is obtained from Ceiba pentandra.

The white silk-cotton tree, Ceiba pentandra, produces pods filled with light, buoyant, water-resistant fibres. This is true kapok, used for stuffing life jackets, pillows and mattresses.

Bombax ceiba, the red silk-cotton or semal, gives a similar floss sometimes called Indian kapok, which is the usual trap. Calotropis gigantea (aak) yields a seed floss and fibre but not kapok, and Populus deltoides is poplar.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : C

Salai-guggul is obtained from Boswellia serrata.

Boswellia serrata, the salai tree of the dry deciduous forests of Madhya Pradesh, is tapped for an oleo-gum-resin, Indian frankincense or salai guggul, used in medicine and incense; its boswellic acids are valued as anti-inflammatory agents.

Acacia farnesiana yields cassie perfume, Bursera delpechiana yields Indian linaloe oil, and Cananga odorata yields ylang-ylang oil. None gives salai guggul.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : C

Gaultheria fragrantissima gives wintergreen oil.

Gaultheria fragrantissima, the Indian wintergreen, is a shrub of the Himalaya, the north-east and the Nilgiris. Its leaves are distilled to give wintergreen oil, which is almost pure methyl salicylate and is used in pain-relieving balms, liniments, flavourings and perfumes.

Keora oil comes from the flowers of Pandanus odoratissimus, costus oil from the roots of Saussurea costus (kuth), and khus oil from the roots of vetiver grass, Chrysopogon zizanioides.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : D

Asafoetida comes under gum-resin.

Asafoetida (hing) is the dried exudate obtained by cutting the roots and rhizomes of Ferula species, especially Ferula assa-foetida. It is a mixture of resin, gum and volatile oil, which is why it is classed as a gum-resin (strictly an oleo-gum-resin).

A pure gum dissolves or swells in water and has no resin, and an essential oil is a volatile oil obtained by distillation; asafoetida contains both kinds of material but is neither alone. Turpentine is the oil distilled from pine resin.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : B

This is afforestation.

Afforestation means establishing a forest by planting or sowing on land that has not carried forest for a long time, or never did, such as grassland, wasteland or mine spoil.

Reforestation re-establishes forest on land that was recently forested, after felling or fire. Deforestation is the permanent removal of forest. Since afforestation fits exactly, 'None of the above' is wrong.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : D

The fungus that does not cause damping off is Aspergillus.

Damping off kills seedlings in nurseries by rotting the stem at soil level or the seed before it emerges. It is caused mainly by soil-borne fungi and fungus-like organisms such as Pythium, Rhizoctonia, Phytophthora and Fusarium.

Aspergillus is a common mould known for food spoilage and aflatoxins, not for damping off of nursery seedlings.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : C

The answer is Conservation of genetic diversity of plants and animals.

The National Agroforestry Policy, 2014 lists among its objectives: to encourage and expand tree plantation in a complementary and integrated manner with crops and livestock; to protect and stabilise ecosystems and promote resilient cropping and farming systems; to supplement the availability of agroforestry products such as fuelwood, fodder and timber; and to meet the raw-material needs of wood-based industries.

The conservation of the genetic diversity of plants and animals is the business of biodiversity and conservation policies, not a basic objective of this policy.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : D

This is agroforestry.

Agroforestry is a land-use system in which trees and shrubs are deliberately grown on the same unit of land as agricultural crops and/or livestock, for ecological and economic benefit from the combination. Agrisilvicultural, silvopastoral and agrosilvopastoral systems are its main forms.

Farm forestry means raising trees on farm land, mainly for wood and income, without necessarily integrating crops and animals. Extensive forestry is low-input management of large forest areas, and urban forestry is the management of trees in towns.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : D

The common phenolic components of hydrolysable tannins are all of the above.

Hydrolysable tannins are esters of a sugar (usually glucose) with phenolic acids. On hydrolysis they give gallic acid (gallotannins), its dimer digallic acid, and ellagic acid (ellagitannins). Myrobalan and oak galls are rich sources.

Since gallic, digallic and ellagic acids are all components, choosing only one of them would be incomplete.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : B

The normal plywood sheet size is 2440 × 1220 mm.

The standard plywood panel is 8 feet by 4 feet, which is 2440 mm by 1220 mm, the size specified in Indian standards for commercial plywood and used worldwide.

1240 × 620 mm is roughly a quarter sheet, and 4840 × 2440 mm and 7240 × 4840 mm are far larger than standard panels.

Thickness varies with the number of plies, commonly from about 4 mm to 25 mm, but the 8 by 4 feet face size is the usual commercial standard, and other sizes such as 6 by 3 feet are cut from or made to order.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : A

The western side of the Western Ghats carries tropical evergreen forests.

The windward western slopes of the Western Ghats face the south-west monsoon and receive more than 200 cm of rain a year, with only a short dry season. That supports dense, tall, multi-layered tropical evergreen forest, with trees such as rosewood, mahogany and ebony.

On the leeward eastern side, in the rain shadow, the rainfall falls away, and the forests change to semi-evergreen, then moist deciduous and finally dry deciduous types further east. Those are the vegetation of the drier slopes and the plateau, not of the wet western face.