Instruction
- Total number of questions : 20
- Time allotted : 30:00 Minutes:Seconds.
- Each question carry 1 mark, no negative marks.
- DO NOT refresh the page.
- All the best
Horticulture [ Question No: 1 To 20 ] :
Hollow heart is a disorder of
Black Heart is an important physiological disorder of
Citronella is commercially propagated through
Income of farmers can be enhanced by:
Geotropic bending is associated with:
For cut flower production in rose, in North India, pruning is done in the
The malformation of flowers in rose is commonly known as:
The Jwala and Himroj cultivars of rose are developed by:
Which of the following post-harvest quarantine treatments is applied in mango?
In which variety of mango is the dehorning technique used at GBPUAT, Pantnagar?
Dioecy is observed in:
As per APEDA (2020-21), which state ranked first in onion production during the year 2020-21?
Which part of sarpagandha is commercially important?
Which of following moulds mostly caused the spoilage of canned fruits?
The removal of cut over grasses from lawns is termed as:
The seed rate of Cynodon dactylon grass is:
Which of the following is NOT suitable for topiary purpose?
Which vegetable crop is suitable for low tunnel cultivation?
In polyhouse, off-season cucurbits seedlings can be raised during:
In a glasshouse, strawberry can be propagated by:
Total number of questions : 20
Number of answered questions : 0
Number of unanswered questions : 20
Horticulture [ Question No: 1 To 20 ] :
Hollow heart is a disorder of
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : C
Hollow heart is a disorder of Potato.
In hollow heart, a cavity forms at the centre of large potato tubers. It results from a sudden spurt of growth, such as heavy irrigation or rain after dry conditions or very wide spacing, which makes the tuber grow faster than its inner tissue can fill. There are no outside symptoms; the defect shows only when the tuber is cut.
Tomato has blossom-end rot and cracking, cabbage has tip burn and splitting, and carrot has forking and cracking, but hollow heart is the classic potato disorder.
Black Heart is an important physiological disorder of
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : B
Black heart is a physiological disorder of Pineapple.
Internal browning, called black heart, develops when pineapple fruits are exposed to low temperatures, during cool nights in the field or in cold storage, and then brought to warmer conditions. The flesh around the core turns brown to black while the outside looks normal. It is a form of chilling injury.
The main disorders of the other fruits are different: guava has fruit cracking, mango has spongy tissue and malformation, and cherry is known for fruit cracking. None of them is known for black heart.
Citronella is commercially propagated through
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : B
Citronella is commercially propagated through Rooted slips.
Citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus), grown for its aromatic oil, is a clump-forming grass that seldom sets viable seed. It is multiplied by dividing mature clumps into slips, each with a few tillers and roots, which are planted directly in the field.
Seeds are used for its relative lemongrass, which does set seed, but not for citronella. Grafting and layering are methods for woody plants such as fruit trees, not for grasses.
Income of farmers can be enhanced by:
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : D
The income of farmers can be enhanced by increasing the gross income. Net income is gross income minus cost, so a higher gross income, at the same cost, means more income.
Decreasing the gross income or increasing the cost would reduce income, and increasing the capital does not by itself raise income.
Net income is gross income less cost of cultivation, so it rises when the gross income rises with the cost kept the same, or when the cost falls. A fall in the gross income, a rise in the cost or a rise in capital alone would lower or not change the net income.
Geotropic bending is associated with:
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : B
Geotropic bending is associated with gladiolus: the flower spike curves upward when the plant lies horizontal, because the spike is negatively geotropic. This is a known problem in cut gladiolus, which is stored upright.
Marigold, jasmine and China aster are not known for this.
Gladiolus is known for spikes that bend upward when the stems are laid flat, because the stem tip grows against gravity (negative geotropism). Cut spikes are therefore stored and shipped upright.
For cut flower production in rose, in North India, pruning is done in the
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : B
For cut flower production of rose in north India, pruning is done in the first week of October. The key gives this month; the pruned bushes then flower in winter and spring.
September is too early and there is rain; November and December are too late for the flush.
In north India the bushes are pruned about the first week of October, after the rains, so that flowers come in the cool season of winter and spring, which is the best period for cut flowers. Pruning in September is too early and risks disease in humid weather.
The malformation of flowers in rose is commonly known as:
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : D
Bull head is the malformation of rose flowers in which the flower is flat-topped and has too many petals and an unopened, deformed centre. The key gives bull head.
Balling is when buds fail to open in wet weather, blind shoots are shoots that do not produce a flower, and bent neck is a bending of the stalk below the flower.
In a bull-head rose the flower has many extra petals and a flat top with a deformed centre, and the cause is often a nutritional or temperature imbalance. It is a malformation of the flower, unlike blind shoots, which carry no flower bud at all.
The Jwala and Himroj cultivars of rose are developed by:
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : C
The rose cultivars Jwala and Himroj were developed at IHBT, Palampur (CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology), which has worked on rose varieties for essential oil. This is the key's answer.
NBRI and CIMAP are both in Lucknow and IIHR is in Bengaluru, so they are not the source of these two cultivars.
CSIR-IHBT at Palampur works on aromatic and floricultural crops of the Himalaya, including roses for the oil. Jwala and Himroj are two of its rose cultivars, which agrees with the key.
Which of the following post-harvest quarantine treatments is applied in mango?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : B
Vapour heat treatment is the post-harvest quarantine treatment applied in mango, mainly for export to countries that require freedom from fruit flies. The fruit is held in saturated hot air to kill larvae.
Pulsing, pre-cooling and coating are not quarantine treatments.
Mango exported to countries that fear fruit flies must be treated, and vapour heat treatment is used for this. The fruit is held in hot moist air until the centre reaches a set temperature.
In which variety of mango is the dehorning technique used at GBPUAT, Pantnagar?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : A
The key gives Dashehari for the dehorning technique at GBPUAT, Pantnagar. In dehorning, the shoot tip is removed to force new growth for flowering in mango. I could not find a source to confirm the variety, so this rests on the key.
Langra, Chausa and Krishnabhog are other north Indian mango varieties.
The key names Dashehari for dehorning at Pantnagar. Dashehari is a popular north Indian mango and shows alternate bearing, which pruning aims to correct.
Dioecy is observed in:
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : A
Dioecy, with male and female flowers on separate plants, is observed in papaya. Both a male and a female plant are needed for fruiting.
Mango and banana bear male and female or hermaphrodite flowers on the same plant, and coconut is monoecious.
In papaya the sexes are on separate plants in the common dioecious types, so a seedling is only known as male or female at flowering. Mango has both male and hermaphrodite flowers on one tree, banana has male and female flowers in one inflorescence, and coconut is monoecious.
As per APEDA (2020-21), which state ranked first in onion production during the year 2020-21?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : B
Maharashtra ranked first in onion production in 2020-21 according to APEDA figures, producing a large share of India's onions, mainly from Nashik, Pune and Ahmednagar districts.
Bihar, Rajasthan and Telangana grow onions but produce much less.
Maharashtra grows more onion than any other state, mostly in the Nashik, Pune and Solapur belts, and Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat and Rajasthan follow it.
Which part of sarpagandha is commercially important?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : C
The root of sarpagandha (Rauvolfia serpentina) is the commercially important part, since it contains the alkaloid reserpine used to treat high blood pressure.
The flower, leaf and seed are not the source of the drug.
The root of sarpagandha contains reserpine and related alkaloids, which are used to lower blood pressure and as a sedative. The wild plant has been over-collected for this purpose.
Which of following moulds mostly caused the spoilage of canned fruits?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : D
Byssochlamys fulva is the mould that mostly spoils canned fruits. Its spores resist heat, survive the canning process and grow in the low-oxygen can, breaking down the fruit.
Penicillium, Aspergillus and Mucor are common moulds on fresh fruit but are killed by canning heat.
Byssochlamys makes heat-resistant spores that survive canning of acid fruits, and it can grow at low oxygen levels. It breaks down pectin, making the fruit soft and mushy, which is why it is the typical spoilage mould in canned fruit.
The removal of cut over grasses from lawns is termed as:
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : D
The key gives sweeping. After mowing, the cut grass is removed from the lawn by sweeping, which clears the clippings and keeps the surface clean. I could not find a source that defines the four terms for lawn care, so this rests on the key.
Mowing is the cutting of the grass itself, raking loosens the surface, and scraping removes thatch or levels the ground.
After mowing the clippings lie on the lawn and are swept up and removed, which keeps the grass clean and avoids a layer of thatch. The key calls this removal sweeping.
The seed rate of Cynodon dactylon grass is:
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : C
The key gives 25 to 30 kg per hectare for the seed rate of Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass). I could not find a source with the figure, so this rests on the key.
5-10 kg is lower, and 35-40 kg is higher; ‘15-20 g’ is a very small amount per hectare and cannot be a seed rate for a lawn.
The figure is the quantity of seed needed to sow a hectare of lawn. Bermuda grass is also planted by stolons and sods, and the seed rate refers only to sowing by seed. The very small figure in the second option is in grams, not kilograms, which is why it cannot be a hectare rate.
Which of the following is NOT suitable for topiary purpose?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : D
Casuarina equisetifolia is not suitable for topiary: it is a tall tree with a loose, drooping habit that cannot be clipped into a dense shape. Duranta plumieri, Murraya exotica and Clerodendrum inerme are dense, small-leaved shrubs that take regular clipping.
That is why the question's NOT option is Casuarina.
Topiary is the clipping of plants into shapes and needs dense, small-leaved, slow-growing and tolerant species. Casuarina is an open, fast-growing tree with fine drooping branchlets, which clip poorly.
Which vegetable crop is suitable for low tunnel cultivation?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : A
Long melon, a cucurbit, is suited to low tunnels. Low tunnels protect the young plants from cold early in the season and allow early planting.
Tomato, capsicum and chilli are taller and need other protection, such as trellises or polyhouses.
Low tunnels are used for crops that need only a few weeks of protection early in the season, such as cucurbits. Tall crops such as tomato, capsicum and chilli outgrow a low tunnel.
In polyhouse, off-season cucurbits seedlings can be raised during:
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : B
Off-season cucurbit seedlings in a polyhouse are raised in December and January. The structure protects the seedlings from cold, so that the crop can be planted early and harvested before the main season.
June to July, May to June and August to September are the normal seasons for cucurbits, not off-season.
Seedlings of cucurbits raised in winter inside a polyhouse are protected from frost and cold, so the plants are ready for planting early in spring and the crop reaches the market before the main season, when prices are better.
In a glasshouse, strawberry can be propagated by:
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : B
In a glasshouse, strawberry is propagated by runners. The mother plant sends out runners, long stems that root at the nodes and form new plantlets, which are separated and planted.
Stem cuttings, layering and crowns are not the usual multiplication method in a glasshouse, although crown division is possible.
Strawberry plants send out stolons, called runners, which form daughter plants at the nodes. These daughter plants are rooted and used as planting material, which is the standard multiplication method.
Marks
Total number of questions : 20
Number of answered questions : 0
Number of unanswered questions : 20