Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : B

The Certifying Officer has civil court powers for receiving evidence, administering oaths, enforcing attendance of witnesses and compelling discovery or production of documents.

Under the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act the Certifying Officer and the appellate authority are given the powers of a civil court for these four purposes, so the full list is in option B.

Option A leaves out enforcement of attendance and production of documents, and option C wrongly excludes enforcement of attendance of witnesses while also listing it. Since B is correct, 'None of the above' is also wrong.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : C

The State Government has the power to apply the provisions of the Factories Act to certain premises.

Section 85 of the Factories Act, 1948 empowers the State Government to declare that all or any of the provisions apply to a place where a manufacturing process is carried on, even if the number of workers is less than the Act requires.

The Chief Inspector and the Central Government do not have that power under section 85.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : C

The pairing is (a) ii, (b) iv, (c) i, (d) iii.

The Royal Commission on Labour was chaired by J.H. Whitley, the Labour Investigation Committee by Rege (listed as W.A. Rege in the paper), the First National Commission on Labour by P.B. Gajendra gadkar and the Second National Commission on Labour by Ravindra Verma.

Code (C), ii iv i iii, is therefore right, and each of the other codes misplaces at least one chairperson.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : D

All four statements, a, b, c and d, are portents for the future.

The statements say that industrial relations will be plural (organised and unorganised, union and non-union firms), will be driven increasingly by context, that unions must search for new forms of voice, and that a young and diverse workforce may resist joining unions. The key accepts them all together.

Choosing only a, a and b, or a, b and c would leave out statements that the key regards as equally valid.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : D

Hoxie's Business Unionism is also called bread and butter unionism.

Robert F. Hoxie classified unions into business, friendly (uplift), revolutionary and predatory types. Business unionism concentrates on immediate economic gains such as wages, hours and working conditions, which is why it is known as bread and butter unionism.

Friendly and uplift unionism aim at the moral and educational betterment of workers, and predatory unionism is a separate Hoxie type of aggressive, self-serving unions.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : C

The Factories Act, 1948 (section 40B) requires the occupier of a factory in which 1,000 or more workers are employed to appoint a Safety Officer. The State Government can also require one in a smaller factory where there is a hazardous process.

Two hundred and fifty and five hundred workers are not the limits laid down by the Act for this purpose, so “None of the above” is also wrong.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : C

The key gives R.K. Das as the writer who mentioned the four major principles of labour legislation. The International Labour Organisation, Frank Tillyard and P.L. Mallick are the other options offered, and the key does not accept them for this question. So the answer given is R.K. Das.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : A

In a closed shop a worker must join the union before he can be employed, because the employer may hire only union members. This is the pre-entry closed shop.

Employment first and joining the union later describes the union shop, where a worker must join the union after being hired. Not joining any union after employment is the open shop, and a shop which is closed is just a literal reading of the words.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : A

The statement that is not true is that the Act defines a 'home-based worker' as the same as a self-employed worker. The Unorganised Workers' Social Security Act, 2008 defines a home-based worker, a self-employed worker and a wage worker separately.

The other statements about the welfare schemes and the separate definitions of unorganised worker and wage worker are accepted as true by the key. The other choices are names or terms from the same field of labour studies and management, which is why they look plausible, but each refers to a different idea and does not fit the wording of the question.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : C

Kochan, Katz and McKersie advanced the three-tier institutional structure of industrial relations in their 1986 work on the transformation of American industrial relations. It divides activity into a strategic level (business strategy), a collective bargaining or functional level and a workplace level. John Dunlop is known for the systems model of industrial relations, with actors, context and a web of rules. Allan Flanders also took a systems view of rules. Roy Adams worked on comparative industrial relations. None of them proposed the three tiers.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : C

The key marks 9 hours.

Under the Factories Act, 1948 an adult worker may not be required to work more than nine hours in a day and forty-eight hours in a week. Eight hours is the usual standard day but not the legal maximum in the Act, and ten and eleven hours are above the limit, so options A, B and D are wrong. The nine-hour day sits inside the forty-eight-hour week, and other limits in the Act, such as the rest interval after five hours of work and the spread-over, work with it.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : C

Warning and censure fall under minor punishment, so the answer is (i) and (iii).

In disciplinary procedure, minor punishments are the milder ones, such as a warning, a censure, a fine or a short withholding of an increment. Demotion (ii) and dismissal (iv) are major punishments because they change the employee's rank or end the employment. Options A, B and D each include demotion or dismissal, so they mix major punishments into the minor group and are wrong.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : D

Section 9A requires at least ten per cent or one hundred of the workmen, whichever is less, subject to a minimum of seven.

Section 9A of the Trade Unions Act, 1926, inserted in 2001, says that a registered trade union of workmen must at all times have as members at least ten per cent of the workmen engaged in the establishment, or one hundred, whichever is less, and not fewer than seven.

The figure seven alone is the minimum number of members needed to apply for registration. The options that leave out either the less-than test or the minimum of seven are incomplete.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : A

The three tier framework of industrial relations, with strategic, collective bargaining and workplace levels, was proposed by Kochan, Katz and McKersie in their book The Transformation of American Industrial Relations. Clark Kerr and John Dunlop are known for the pluralist and systems views, and Richardson for earlier writing on industrial relations. The three tiers in the Kochan framework are the strategic tier, where top managers make policy decisions, the collective bargaining tier and the workplace tier, and the framework shows industrial relations as an interplay of these levels.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : B

The official key credits the setting up of the Joint Consultative Board of industry and labour in 1951 to the initiative of G.L. Nanda. V.V. Giri, Morarji Desai and Jagjivan Ram were also well-known figures in labour and politics but the key does not give them this initiative. The answer comes from the key, since the list of leaders gives no other hint. The Board was meant to bring industry and labour together to consult on matters of common interest, in the early years of planning after independence.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : B

The correct matching is industrial democracy with Sydney and Beatrice Webb (iv), industrial citizenship with Peter F. Drucker (iii), class conflict with Karl Marx (i) and the welfare movement with Robert Owen (ii). The code is iv iii i ii.

Option (A) gives industrial democracy to Drucker. Option (C) gives it to Owen. Option (D) gives it to Owen as well and class conflict to the Webbs. Each of these misplaces the Webbs, who coined industrial democracy.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : A

The correct matching is AITUC 1920 (iii), CITU 1970 (iv), INTUC 1947 (i) and HMS 1948 (ii). The code is iii iv i ii.

Option (B) gives AITUC 1948, which is the HMS year. Option (C) gives CITU 1947. Option (D) gives AITUC 1947. AITUC was founded in 1920 as the first national federation, and CITU split from it in 1970. AITUC, founded in 1920, is the oldest of the central trade union organisations and was linked with the early nationalist movement. INTUC came in 1947 as the Congress-sponsored body, and HMS in 1948 as the socialist federation outside both. CITU followed in 1970 after the split in the communist-led movement, so the year order is AITUC, INTUC, HMS and CITU.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : D

The Model Grievance Procedure is part of the Code of Discipline, the voluntary code accepted in 1958 by the central organisations of employers and workers. It is not found in the Industrial Disputes Act, the Employees' State Insurance Act or the Standing Orders Act. The answer is the Code of Discipline. The Code of Discipline was adopted by the Indian Labour Conference in 1957 and came into force in 1958, and it sets out the duties of management and unions, with a Model Grievance Procedure annexed to it. It is a voluntary code, which is why it is not a part of any of the three Acts named.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : D

All four types of relations are included in industrial relations. These are labour relations, between union and management, group relations among various groups of workmen such as supervisors and technical persons, employer-employee relations, which cover all management-employee relations except those with the union, and community or public relations, between the industry and society. Since all four are given in the key, shorter options are incomplete.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : C

The prohibition of overlapping shifts is in Section 58 of the Factories Act, 1948: work in a factory is not to be carried on by means of a system of shifts so arranged that more than one relay of workers is engaged in work of the same kind at the same time.

Section 55 deals with intervals for rest, which is a different rule on daily hours, and Sections 41 and 47 are in other chapters of the Act. Only Section 58 is headed prohibition of overlapping shifts.