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- Total number of questions : 20
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Nutrition and Dietetics [ Question No: 1 To 20 ] :
MPN test is used for the analysis of :
Which of the following biochemical parameter indicates chronic renal failure ?
Which of the following vitamins provides the cofactor for the transfer of one-carbon units ?
Sarcopenia is observed in :
Hyperuricemia can lead to a disease called :
One of the important properties of dietary fiber is their :
The full form of PDCAAS is :
What should lactating mothers avoid eating ?
Exposure of pregnant women to environmental pollution can seriously affect the developing __________.
To study the prevalence of a micronutrient deficiency, what study design would you choose ?
Head circumference measurements are used in nutritional assessment for :
Identify from the following the statement which is NOT true with respect to colostrum.
Weaning foods that support the transition from breast milk to regular foods are :
(a) Dalia
(b) Bhindi ki subji
(c) Sooji Kheer
(d) Chapati
(e) Khichdi
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :
Disease and death among breast-fed infants are much lower than those among formula-fed infants but breast feeding does not help to: (Choose the most appropriate option from below)
What is the critical period for nutritional intervention in children?
Which of the following food choices are less healthy?
1. Eating fast foods frequently
2. Buying processed foods
3. Taking whole grains, pulses and fruits in diet
4. Having chocolates and cakes in dessert
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.
Assertion A: People can make enough vitamin D from the action of sunlight on their skin.
Reason R: When the body is exposed to the ultra-violet rays of the sun, a substance under the skin known as dehydrocholesterol is converted to cholecalciferol which is stored in the liver and used as required.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Identify the constituents of metalloenzymes:
1. Copper
2. Nickel
3. Zinc
4. Iron
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Match the classification of xerophthalmia with appropriate abbreviation :
| Column-I (Classification) | Column-II (Abbreviation) |
|---|---|
| 1. Night blindness | a. X1A |
| 2. Conjunctival xerosis | b. X1B |
| 3. Bitot's spot | c. X2 |
| 4. Corneal xerosis | d. XN |
Choose the most appropriate option from below :
Which of the following statements are correct?
a. POSHAN ABHIYAN was launched in 2018 to address multiple forms of malnutrition.
b. It was launched by the Prime Minister on the occasion of International Yoga Day from Jhunjhunu in Rajasthan.
c. POSHAN ABHIYAN was previously called The National Nutrition Mission.
d. The beneficiaries of the POSHAN ABHIYAN are children, pregnant women and lactating mothers.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Total number of questions : 20
Number of answered questions : 0
Number of unanswered questions : 20
Nutrition and Dietetics [ Question No: 1 To 20 ] :
MPN test is used for the analysis of :
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : C
The MPN test is used to analyse water.
MPN stands for Most Probable Number. Measured volumes of a water sample are put into tubes of lactose broth, and the pattern of tubes that show gas (from coliform bacteria) is read against statistical tables to estimate the number of coliforms per 100 ml. It is the classic test of the bacteriological safety of drinking water.
The method can be adapted to some foods, but it is best known and standard as the coliform test for water, not a routine test for meat, blood or fish.
Which of the following biochemical parameter indicates chronic renal failure ?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : D
Chronic renal failure is indicated by increased blood urea nitrogen.
When the kidneys fail, the glomerular filtration rate falls and nitrogenous wastes such as urea and creatinine are retained in the blood. A rising blood urea nitrogen (BUN), together with rising serum creatinine, is the classic biochemical sign.
Creatinine excretion falls, not rises, as filtration fails, so the first option is backwards. Serum albumin usually falls in kidney disease because protein is lost in the urine, and serum transferrin also tends to be low, so neither increase points to renal failure.
Which of the following vitamins provides the cofactor for the transfer of one-carbon units ?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : D
The vitamin that supplies the cofactor for one-carbon transfer is folate.
Folate is converted to tetrahydrofolate (THF), which carries one-carbon units (methyl, methylene, formyl) in the synthesis of purines and thymidine for DNA, and in amino acid conversions such as serine to glycine. Deficiency therefore causes megaloblastic anaemia and neural tube defects.
Thiamine (as TPP) works in decarboxylation, riboflavin (FAD, FMN) and niacin (NAD, NADP) in oxidation-reduction reactions, so none of them carries one-carbon units.
Sarcopenia is observed in :
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : D
Sarcopenia is observed in old age.
Sarcopenia is the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength and function that comes with ageing. It begins gradually from middle age and accelerates after about 65, contributing to weakness, falls and loss of independence. Adequate protein and resistance exercise are the main means of slowing it.
Infancy, childhood and pregnancy are periods of tissue building, when muscle mass is normally increasing, so age-related muscle wasting does not belong to them.
Hyperuricemia can lead to a disease called :
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : C
Hyperuricemia can lead to gout.
Hyperuricemia means a raised level of uric acid in the blood, the end product of purine breakdown. When uric acid exceeds its solubility, monosodium urate crystals deposit in joints, classically the big toe, causing the acute inflammatory arthritis called gout. Dietary management limits purine-rich foods such as organ meats and some seafood, and alcohol.
Protein energy malnutrition (PEM), cancer and diabetes are not caused by high uric acid, although obesity and diabetes often occur alongside gout.
One of the important properties of dietary fiber is their :
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : C
An important property of dietary fibre is its susceptibility to fermentation in the colon.
Fibre escapes digestion in the small intestine and reaches the colon, where bacteria ferment much of it, especially soluble fibre, producing short-chain fatty acids such as acetate, propionate and butyrate. These nourish colon cells and support a healthy gut flora.
Acetic acid formation is one product of that fermentation, not the defining property. Fibre yields about 2 kcal per gram through fermentation, not 5, and while it helps regulate bowel movement, preventing diarrhoea is not its characteristic property; insoluble fibre is better known for relieving constipation.
The full form of PDCAAS is :
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : B
PDCAAS stands for Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score.
It was adopted by FAO/WHO in 1989-91 to rate protein quality. The amino acid score of a food (its most limiting essential amino acid compared with a reference pattern) is multiplied by the true digestibility of the protein, so the score is corrected for how much of the protein is actually absorbed. Values are capped at 1.0; egg white, milk protein and soy isolate reach the cap.
The other expansions change one word each. The method measures digestibility, not degradation, and the score is corrected, not 'complete'.
What should lactating mothers avoid eating ?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : B
Lactating mothers should avoid tinned juices and preserved foods.
Tinned and preserved foods are often high in sugar, salt and chemical preservatives and low in fresh nutrients. A breastfeeding mother needs extra energy, protein, calcium and vitamins, and should get them from fresh, wholesome food.
Fruits and green vegetables, pulses, and curd and milk are exactly the foods a lactating mother is advised to eat more of, for vitamins, iron, protein and calcium.
Exposure of pregnant women to environmental pollution can seriously affect the developing __________.
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : D
Environmental pollution can seriously affect the developing foetus.
Pollutants such as lead, mercury, pesticides and polluted air can cross the placenta from the mother and harm the developing foetus, causing low birth weight, premature birth, birth defects and damage to the nervous system.
The ovum and sperm are the sex cells, which no longer exist as such once pregnancy begins. A meiocyte is a cell that divides by meiosis to form gametes. The question is about what is developing during pregnancy, which is the foetus.
To study the prevalence of a micronutrient deficiency, what study design would you choose ?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : D
The right design is a cross-sectional survey.
Prevalence is the proportion of a population that has a condition at a given time. A cross-sectional survey measures exposure and outcome in a representative sample at one point in time, so it gives prevalence directly, as in national surveys of anaemia or iodine deficiency.
Longitudinal and cohort studies follow people over time to measure incidence (new cases) and risk factors, and an experiment tests the effect of an intervention. They are slower and costlier and do not answer a prevalence question better.
Head circumference measurements are used in nutritional assessment for :
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : C
The key's answer is Infants.
Head circumference reflects the growth of the brain, which is fastest in the first year of life: it is about 34 cm at birth and about 45 cm at one year, after which it changes little. Nutrition textbooks therefore list head circumference as an anthropometric measure for infants, where a small head points to chronic undernutrition in early life.
Measurement is often continued until about two years of age, which is why 'Children under 2 years' is close, but the key follows the textbook reading that the measure belongs to infancy. It has little value in children under five generally or in adolescents, whose head growth is nearly complete.
Identify from the following the statement which is NOT true with respect to colostrum.
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : C
The keyed answer is that colostrum provides immunity to the respiratory tract of the infant is not true.
Colostrum, the first milk produced in the days after birth, is rich in antibodies, especially secretory IgA, and in white cells such as macrophages and lymphocytes. Because the antibodies come ready-made from the mother through a natural process, they give the baby natural passive acquired immunity. So statements A, B and D are correct.
The IgA in colostrum acts mainly on the lining of the baby's gut, where it blocks germs swallowed with feeds; that is where the standard account places its protection, which is why the paper marks the respiratory-tract statement as the untrue one.
Weaning foods that support the transition from breast milk to regular foods are :
(a) Dalia
(b) Bhindi ki subji
(c) Sooji Kheer
(d) Chapati
(e) Khichdi
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : D
The weaning foods are (a), (c) and (e) only: dalia, sooji kheer and khichdi.
Weaning foods for an infant moving from breast milk to family food should be soft, mashed or semi-solid, easy to digest and nutritious. Dalia (broken wheat porridge), sooji kheer (semolina cooked in milk) and khichdi (rice and dal cooked soft) all fit.
Bhindi ki subji and chapati are adult family foods that are too fibrous or too hard to chew for a baby just starting complementary feeding, so options including (b) or (d) are wrong.
Disease and death among breast-fed infants are much lower than those among formula-fed infants but breast feeding does not help to: (Choose the most appropriate option from below)
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : C
Breastfeeding does not cure genetic disorder and diseases.
Breast milk lowers illness and death because it carries antibodies, white cells and protective factors. It protects against diarrhoea and respiratory infections, inhibits the growth of pathogens in the gut, and reduces the risk of allergies.
A genetic disorder is caused by the child's own genes, and no food, including breast milk, can cure it. So the other three options describe real benefits, and C is the one breastfeeding does not provide.
What is the critical period for nutritional intervention in children?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : C
The critical period is the first 1000 days.
The first 1000 days run from conception to the child's second birthday: about 270 days of pregnancy plus the first two years (730 days). Growth of the brain and body is fastest in this window, and undernutrition then causes stunting and developmental losses that are largely irreversible, so programmes such as POSHAN Abhiyaan focus their interventions on this period.
270 days covers only the pregnancy, and 100 and 325 days are not recognised windows for nutrition intervention.
Which of the following food choices are less healthy?
1. Eating fast foods frequently
2. Buying processed foods
3. Taking whole grains, pulses and fruits in diet
4. Having chocolates and cakes in dessert
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : C
The less healthy choices are 1, 2 and 4.
Eating fast food often, buying processed foods and having chocolates and cakes for dessert all add excess fat, sugar and salt, and refined flour with little fibre, raising the risk of obesity, diabetes and heart disease.
Taking whole grains, pulses and fruits (3) is a healthy choice, rich in fibre, vitamins and minerals. So every option that includes 3 is wrong, and '1 and 2' leaves out the sugary desserts.
Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.
Assertion A: People can make enough vitamin D from the action of sunlight on their skin.
Reason R: When the body is exposed to the ultra-violet rays of the sun, a substance under the skin known as dehydrocholesterol is converted to cholecalciferol which is stored in the liver and used as required.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : A
The answer is Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
Most people can make enough vitamin D through sunlight on their skin, which is why it is called the sunshine vitamin.
The Reason gives the mechanism: ultraviolet rays convert 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin into cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), which goes to the liver to be stored and processed. That process is exactly how sunlight lets people make their own vitamin D, so R explains A.
Identify the constituents of metalloenzymes:
1. Copper
2. Nickel
3. Zinc
4. Iron
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : D
The keyed answer is 1, 3 and 4: copper, zinc and iron.
A metalloenzyme has a metal ion bound in its structure that it needs to work. The classical human examples are zinc (carbonic anhydrase, alcohol dehydrogenase), copper (cytochrome c oxidase, superoxide dismutase, tyrosinase) and iron (catalase, the cytochromes). These three trace elements are the ones nutrition texts name together.
Nickel (2) is found in a few enzymes such as urease in plants and bacteria, but it is not counted among the metals of human metalloenzymes in the usual lists, which is why the options containing it are wrong. Option A leaves out iron, and no option offers all four metals, so 1, 3 and 4 is the best fit.
Match the classification of xerophthalmia with appropriate abbreviation :
| Column-I (Classification) | Column-II (Abbreviation) |
|---|---|
| 1. Night blindness | a. X1A |
| 2. Conjunctival xerosis | b. X1B |
| 3. Bitot's spot | c. X2 |
| 4. Corneal xerosis | d. XN |
Choose the most appropriate option from below :
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : A
The correct matching is 1-d, 2-a, 3-b, 4-c.
The WHO classification of xerophthalmia, the eye signs of vitamin A deficiency, uses these codes:
- XN: night blindness, the earliest sign (1-d).
- X1A: conjunctival xerosis, a dry, wrinkled conjunctiva (2-a).
- X1B: Bitot's spots, foamy grey patches on the conjunctiva (3-b).
- X2: corneal xerosis, a dry, hazy cornea (4-c).
The more severe stages X3A and X3B are corneal ulceration and keratomalacia. Every other option misplaces night blindness or swaps the conjunctival and corneal codes.
Which of the following statements are correct?
a. POSHAN ABHIYAN was launched in 2018 to address multiple forms of malnutrition.
b. It was launched by the Prime Minister on the occasion of International Yoga Day from Jhunjhunu in Rajasthan.
c. POSHAN ABHIYAN was previously called The National Nutrition Mission.
d. The beneficiaries of the POSHAN ABHIYAN are children, pregnant women and lactating mothers.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : D
The correct statements are a, c and d.
POSHAN Abhiyaan was launched in 2018 to tackle multiple forms of malnutrition, including stunting, underweight and anaemia (a). It was also known as the National Nutrition Mission (c), and it targets children, pregnant women and lactating mothers, along with adolescent girls (d).
Statement b is wrong about the occasion: the Prime Minister launched it at Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, on International Women's Day, 8 March 2018, not on International Yoga Day.
Marks
Total number of questions : 20
Number of answered questions : 0
Number of unanswered questions : 20