Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : A

The purposes are (a), (c), (e) and (f).

Divergent questions are open-ended, with many acceptable answers. They promote critical thinking (a), develop communication as students explain and defend their ideas (c), reveal students' alternative conceptions through their answers (e), and help students appreciate that interpretation in science can involve subjectivity and multiple viewpoints (f).

Using such questions to discern between students (b) or to identify gifted students (d) would turn them into tools for ranking and labelling, which is not their purpose. Every option other than the third includes (b) or (d).

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : C

Assessment as learning means self assessment.

Three purposes of assessment are commonly distinguished. Assessment of learning is summative, measuring what has been learned. Assessment for learning is formative, used by the teacher to improve teaching and learning. Assessment as learning is when learners themselves assess their own work and thinking, monitor their progress and adjust their learning; it develops metacognition.

Formative assessment corresponds to assessment for learning, and summative and term assessment to assessment of learning, so they do not describe assessment as learning.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : A

The answer is Only (a).

Teachers are in daily contact with learners and with the changing world around the school, so involving them helps the assessment framework take account of contemporary events and prevailing changes (a), keeping assessment relevant and up to date.

The other reasons are wrong. Making curriculum and evaluation only subject-centred and narrow (b) goes against the aims of a learner-centred framework. Using teachers merely as a resource to save time, labour and money (c) is not why their participation matters. And (d) bases changes on the level of the teachers, whereas an assessment framework must be designed around the learners, so the key excludes it too.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : C

Statements (a) and (b) are correct.

Dyslexia is a specific learning disability that affects reading, especially word decoding and fluency (a). Dysgraphia is a specific learning disability that affects writing, including handwriting, spelling and organising written work (b).

Statements (c) and (d) swap the two terms, so the options including them are wrong, and 'only (a)' leaves out the true statement (b).

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : D

The Three Language Formula attempts to promote multi language education.

The formula, recommended by the Kothari Commission and adopted in the 1968 National Policy on Education and later policies, asks every child to study three languages: the mother tongue or regional language, Hindi or another Indian language, and English. Its aim is multilingualism.

It is not monolingual, nor bilingual with a focus on Hindi. Mother-tongue based multilingualism is an approach that starts from the child's home language; the formula itself is defined by the study of three languages.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : B

This activity is project work.

Project work involves learners, usually in groups, in investigating a theme over a period of time: planning, collecting information from different sources, organising it and presenting the results in a report or presentation. It integrates the language skills with real content and develops collaboration.

An assignment is usually an individual task set by the teacher. 'Writing work' covers only one part of the activity. 'Research' suggests formal, systematic investigation, which is more than a school group report on a theme.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : A

This is portfolio assessment.

A portfolio is a purposeful collection of a learner's work gathered over time, such as written pieces, drafts and projects, used to assess progress and achievement. It shows growth across a period rather than performance on one day, and lets learners reflect on their own work.

A diagnostic test identifies specific learning difficulties. CCE (continuous and comprehensive evaluation) is a whole scheme of school-based evaluation, of which portfolios may be one tool. Summative assessment measures achievement at the end of a period, usually with a test, not by keeping samples of work.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : A

This is an extrapolative task.

An extrapolative task asks learners to go beyond the text, relating it to their own lives or imagining new situations. Discussing what they would do as the hero or heroine of a film extends the story beyond what was shown.

Critical pedagogy is a broad educational approach, not a type of task. 'Speaking task' and 'thinking task' are too general; the defining feature here is going beyond the given material.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : C

The concept is the input hypothesis.

Stephen Krashen's input hypothesis holds that we acquire language by understanding input slightly beyond our current level, often written 'i + 1', where i is the learner's present competence. The quotation states exactly this.

The output hypothesis (Merrill Swain) says that producing language helps learners notice gaps. The interaction hypothesis (Michael Long) stresses negotiation of meaning in conversation. 'Thinking hypothesis' is not a recognised theory of language acquisition.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : B

This is known as graphophonic cues.

Graphophonic cues come from the relationship between letters (graphemes) and sounds (phonemes). A reader uses them to sound out and decode words, as the question describes with sound-symbol correspondences.

The other cueing systems use different information. Syntactic cues come from sentence structure and word order. Metalinguistic cues involve thinking about language itself. 'Graphic cues' refers to visual features such as pictures or print layout, without the sound link.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : D

Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

A portfolio is a purposeful, organised collection of a student's work over time, showing effort, progress and achievement. Because students choose pieces and reflect on them, a portfolio encourages them to evaluate their own strengths and weaknesses.

The official key treats self-evaluation as the purpose that makes the collection 'purposeful', so (R) is read as explaining (A). Neither statement is false, which rules out the other options.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : B

This stage is called emergent literacy.

Emergent literacy covers the early understandings about reading and writing that children develop before formal instruction, including scribbling, pretend writing and noticing print. Scribbling is an early form of writing in this stage.

'Scribbling' names the behaviour, not the stage of literacy development. Writing skills are what develop later, and graphic development refers to drawing, not to language learning.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : C

The least important for enhancing speaking is asking closed ended questions.

Closed-ended questions can be answered with yes, no or a single word, so they give children little chance to speak at length or express ideas.

Listening patiently to children, giving them chances to express feelings and ideas, and organising discussions all invite children to talk more and build fluency and confidence.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : B

'Knowing about language' is declarative knowledge.

Declarative knowledge is knowledge of facts and rules that one can state, such as how the past perfect is formed. Procedural knowledge is knowing how to use the language in real communication.

Strategic competence is the ability to manage communication problems, for example by paraphrasing, and grammatical knowledge is one kind of content, not the general term for knowing about language.

Teachers aim to build procedural knowledge on top of declarative knowledge, so that learners can use the rules they know in real communication.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : B

This is subtractive bilingualism.

In subtractive bilingualism a second language is learnt at the cost of the first: as Chetan uses English, he stops using Bhojpuri, and his first language is gradually lost. It is the opposite of additive bilingualism, where the new language is added while the first is maintained.

Code-mixing and code-switching mean using two languages within or between sentences, which requires keeping both. 'Bilingualism' is the general term for knowing two languages and does not describe one replacing the other.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : A

The matching preference is 'I remember language well when I am kinesthetically involved.'

Acting out a word or phrase on a card, so that others can guess it, involves the body and movement. A learner who enjoys this has a kinesthetic preference: he or she learns and remembers best through physical activity.

Seeing language suits a visual learner and hearing it an auditory learner. Memorising the phrase on the card misses the point of the activity, which is acting it out, not memorising it.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : D

The wrong sequence is decimals should precede fractions.

Decimals are a way of writing fractions whose denominators are 10, 100, 1000 and so on, so they can only be understood after the idea of a fraction. Fractions come first and decimals build on them.

The other sequences are sound. Proportion leads to percentage, which is a proportion out of 100. Rational numbers extend fractions to include negatives. Subtraction is introduced after addition, as the inverse operation.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : D

The statement in agreement is visualisation is an important aspect of Mathematics.

A constructivist view (the paper writes 'constructionist') sees mathematics as built by people through activity and reasoning. Visualising shapes, patterns and relationships is a key way in which learners construct mathematical ideas.

Treating mathematics as a body of facts to learn, as truths waiting to be discovered, or as entirely objective, belongs to a fixed, absolutist view of the subject that the constructivist view rejects.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : C

The sequence is Flip, Turn, Slide and Bigger Figure.

A reflection flips a figure over a line, a rotation turns it about a point, a translation slides it without turning, and an enlargement makes a bigger similar figure. Taken in the order given, Reflection, Rotation, Translation, Enlargement, that is Flip, Turn, Slide, Bigger Figure.

The other options pair slide with rotation or flip with translation, which mixes up the meanings.

Linking each transformation to an everyday action in this way helps learners remember what each one does to a shape.

Your Answer : (Not Answered)

Correct Answer : A

NEP 2020 stresses mathematics and computational thinking because it is foundational to evolving technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), machine learning and Data Science.

The policy says that mathematics and mathematical thinking will be very important for India's future and for its leadership in emerging fields such as artificial intelligence, machine learning and data science, so mathematics and computational thinking are to be given increased emphasis throughout schooling, through puzzles, games and other engaging methods.

The policy never suggests it can replace teachers, and it does not justify the emphasis by calling it the most difficult subject or 'foundational to human survival'. Those reasons do not appear in NEP 2020.