Instruction
- Total number of questions : 20
- Time allotted : 30:00 Minutes:Seconds.
- Each question carry 1 mark, no negative marks.
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Psychology [ Question No: 1 To 20 ] :
Taxonomy of educational objectives was given by :
When infant has a need to form a close association with one significant person, this phenomenon is called as ......................... .
Which of the following is "inferential processes that expand knowledge in the face of uncertainty ?"
Which of the following are components of Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS) ?
(1) Thrill and adventure seeking
(2) Experience seeking
(3) Boredom susceptibility
(4) Novelty seeking
Cross validation of the test implies that :
Which of the following statements is not correct ?
Agnosia is an inability to :
Gordon Logan and Joseph Etherton proposed ........ .
............... theory stated that high arousal leads to greater selectivity and is thus beneficial only when relatively few cues have to be monitored.
When a child asks for a candy only when at the grocery store with their grandmother and not when with their mother, the presence of their grandmother is acting as a :
The cultural test bias hypothesis states :
The ego attempts to mediate demands of id in relation to real work according to :
Which of the following is NOT a basic element of Rogers' therapy?
Which of the following is NOT a primary symptom of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder?
During psychodynamic psychotherapy, some clients become silent during the therapy session, miss appointments, and come late for therapy sessions. This phenomenon is known as:
Which of the following characteristics relates to a double-blind study?
When the joint distribution of tio variables is represented by a scattergram, the distribution is also known as:
Which of the following is an example of being sensitive and understanding motivation?
A highly inspired girl used a plastic rulerto cut a full sheet of paper into two equal halves. Which of the following obstacle(s) has she seemingly overcome?
1. Mental set
2. Deficiency of motivation
3. Functional fixedness
Which of the following disciplines focuses on how people interact with and are affected by their external environments?
Total number of questions : 20
Number of answered questions : 0
Number of unanswered questions : 20
Psychology [ Question No: 1 To 20 ] :
Taxonomy of educational objectives was given by :
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : D
The taxonomy of educational objectives was given by Bloom.
Benjamin Bloom and colleagues published the Taxonomy of Educational Objectives in 1956. Its cognitive domain classifies objectives into knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation; companion volumes covered the affective domain and later the psychomotor domain. A 2001 revision renamed the levels remember, understand, apply, analyse, evaluate and create.
Binet developed the first intelligence test, William James was a founder of functionalism, and Thorndike formulated the laws of learning; none produced the taxonomy.
When infant has a need to form a close association with one significant person, this phenomenon is called as ......................... .
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : A
The phenomenon is monotropy (printed Monotrophy).
John Bowlby proposed that infants have an innate tendency to form one special, primary attachment to a single caregiver, usually the mother, which is stronger than any other and serves as a template for later relationships. He called this monotropy.
Attachment is the general emotional bond, not the specific idea that it is formed with one person. The Strange Situation is Ainsworth's procedure for assessing attachment, and multiple attachment, the idea that infants form several attachments at once, is the alternative view to monotropy.
Which of the following is "inferential processes that expand knowledge in the face of uncertainty ?"
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : A
The description fits induction.
The phrase is the definition used by Holland, Holyoak, Nisbett and Thagard in Induction: Processes of Inference, Learning, and Discovery: induction comprises all inferential processes that expand knowledge in the face of uncertainty. Inductive inference goes beyond the information given, from particular cases to general conclusions that are probable rather than certain.
Deduction draws conclusions that are already contained in the premises, so it does not expand knowledge under uncertainty. Ideation (generating ideas) and creativity are broader notions, not inferential processes defined this way.
Which of the following are components of Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS) ?
(1) Thrill and adventure seeking
(2) Experience seeking
(3) Boredom susceptibility
(4) Novelty seeking
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : C
Components (1), (2) and (3) belong to the scale, so the answer is Only (1), (2) and (3).
Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale (Form V) has four subscales: thrill and adventure seeking, experience seeking, disinhibition and boredom susceptibility. Three of the four appear in the list.
Novelty seeking is not an SSS subscale; it is a temperament dimension in Cloninger's model. That rules out the option that includes (4), and the two shorter options each leave out a genuine subscale.
Cross validation of the test implies that :
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : B
Cross validation means that test validity is studied on a different sample.
When items are selected or a regression equation is built using one sample, the validity found in that sample is inflated by chance features of that sample. Cross validation checks the test, or the prediction equation, on a fresh, independent sample from the same population. The usual drop in the validity coefficient is called shrinkage.
Repeating item analysis on the same sample does not remove the chance factors. Deleting items of similar difficulty and comparing indices of item discrimination are item-analysis procedures, not cross validation.
Which of the following statements is not correct ?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : C
The statement that is not correct is the one about the socio-cognitive perspective.
Focusing on past experiences with direct and indirect (observed) rewards and punishments describes the social learning perspective. In the social psychology textbook scheme this comes from, the social cognitive perspective instead focuses on the mental processes of attending to, interpreting, judging and remembering social experiences.
The other three are correct: the evolutionary perspective looks at adaptations that helped ancestors survive and reproduce; the socio-cultural perspective at group-level factors such as social class and nationality; and the psychoanalytic perspective at interactions among the id, ego and superego.
Agnosia is an inability to :
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : B
Agnosia is an inability to recognize objects.
In agnosia the senses themselves work, but the person cannot recognise what is perceived. In visual agnosia a patient can see and describe a key's shape yet cannot say what it is, although he may name it at once by touch. Prosopagnosia, the inability to recognise faces, is a well-known form. It usually follows damage to the temporal or parietal association areas.
Difficulty remembering or finding words is a form of amnesia or anomia, failing to localise sound is an auditory processing problem, and loss of balance (ataxia) is usually cerebellar or vestibular.
Gordon Logan and Joseph Etherton proposed ........ .
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : C
Logan and Etherton proposed the attentional hypothesis of automatization.
Gordon Logan and Joseph Etherton (1994) argued that what is learned as a task becomes automatic depends on attention: only what is attended to during practice is encoded into the memory instances that later make performance automatic, and unattended material is not learned. This builds on Logan's instance theory of automaticity.
Attentional capture is the involuntary drawing of attention by a salient stimulus, studied by Yantis and others. Automatic processing in general was described by Shiffrin and Schneider. 'Theory of future integration' is not their proposal.
............... theory stated that high arousal leads to greater selectivity and is thus beneficial only when relatively few cues have to be monitored.
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : C
This is cue-utilization theory.
J. A. Easterbrook's cue-utilization hypothesis (1959) holds that rising arousal narrows the range of cues a person attends to. Moderate arousal helps by excluding irrelevant cues, but high arousal also starts to exclude relevant ones. High arousal is therefore beneficial only on tasks where relatively few cues have to be monitored, and harmful on complex tasks needing many. It is one explanation of the Yerkes-Dodson pattern.
Cue-initiation, cue-processing and cue-completion are not the name of this theory; each borrows the word 'cue' from it.
When a child asks for a candy only when at the grocery store with their grandmother and not when with their mother, the presence of their grandmother is acting as a :
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : A
The grandmother is acting as a discriminating stimulus.
A discriminative stimulus signals that a particular response will be reinforced. The child has learned that asking for candy pays off when the grandmother is present and does not when the mother is, so the grandmother's presence sets the occasion for the behaviour.
Observational learning is learning by watching others, not a stimulus. Variable-interval and fixed-ratio are schedules describing when reinforcement is given, by time or by number of responses; they do not describe a cue that controls when a behaviour occurs.
The cultural test bias hypothesis states :
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : A
The cultural test bias hypothesis states that group differences reflect artifacts of the test.
The hypothesis, discussed at length by Cecil Reynolds, holds that differences in mean scores between cultural or ethnic groups on mental tests arise from the tests themselves: items, content or procedures that favour one group's culture. The differences are therefore an artifact of measurement, not real differences in ability.
Saying that differences come from real differences in culture, or from conditions such as poverty, locates the cause outside the test, which is the opposite of the hypothesis. Testing an entire culture is not part of it.
The ego attempts to mediate demands of id in relation to real work according to :
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : B
The ego works according to the reality principle.
In Freud's model the id seeks immediate gratification. The ego, in contact with the external world (the paper prints 'real work' for 'real world'), delays or redirects that gratification until it can be satisfied safely and realistically, which is the reality principle, using secondary-process (rational) thinking.
The pleasure principle governs the id, and primary-process thinking (wish-fulfilling imagery, as in dreams) belongs to the id as well, so 'Both (A) and (C)' describes the id rather than the ego.
Which of the following is NOT a basic element of Rogers' therapy?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : B
The unconscious is not a basic element of Rogers's therapy, which rests on authenticity (genuineness), unconditional positive regard and empathy, and which attends to conscious experience rather than the unconscious. Rogers called the three conditions for change genuineness, unconditional positive regard and empathic understanding.
Which of the following is NOT a primary symptom of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : C
Aggression is not a primary symptom of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The primary symptoms are inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. ADHD is described by inattention and by hyperactivity-impulsivity. Aggression may accompany it, but it is not one of the core symptoms in diagnostic criteria.
During psychodynamic psychotherapy, some clients become silent during the therapy session, miss appointments, and come late for therapy sessions. This phenomenon is known as:
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : B
This behaviour is unconscious resistance. In psychodynamic therapy clients sometimes resist the process, by turning silent, missing appointments or coming late, without being aware that they are doing so. It protects against the painful material that the therapy would bring out. If it were conscious, the client would be deliberately avoiding the sessions, and 'delinquency' is not the psychodynamic term for this phenomenon.
Resistance is an unconscious defence: the client does not know why he or she is silent, late or absent, and the therapist tries to interpret it.
Which of the following characteristics relates to a double-blind study?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : C
A double-blind study is one in which neither the experimenter nor the subjects know whether the subjects are in the experimental or the control group. A study in which only the subjects do not know is a single-blind study, the tendency of experimenter expectations to influence results is experimenter bias, and the option of only the experimenter knowing describes the reverse single-blind design. Double-blind designs are used in drug trials, where neither the doctor nor the patient knows who gets the drug and who gets the placebo, so that expectations do not affect the results.
When the joint distribution of tio variables is represented by a scattergram, the distribution is also known as:
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : D
A joint distribution of two variables shown on a scattergram is called a bivariate distribution, because it has two variables. Terms such as 'two-way relational distribution', 'joint bidimensional distribution' and 'bidimensional distribution' are not the standard statistical name for it.
Which of the following is an example of being sensitive and understanding motivation?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : C
Interpersonal intelligence, in Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, is sensitivity to the moods, motivations and intentions of other people. Intrapersonal intelligence is understanding oneself, naturalist intelligence is understanding nature and living things, and existentialist intelligence concerns questions about life and existence. Interpersonal intelligence is the strength of counsellors, teachers, salespeople and leaders, who need to read other people's feelings and motives.
A highly inspired girl used a plastic rulerto cut a full sheet of paper into two equal halves. Which of the following obstacle(s) has she seemingly overcome?
1. Mental set
2. Deficiency of motivation
3. Functional fixedness
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : C
She overcame functional fixedness, so the answer is Only 3. Functional fixedness is seeing an object only in its usual use, and she used a plastic ruler as a cutting tool for paper, a use it is not meant for. Mental set, the tendency to keep using a method that worked before, is not what the stem shows, and she is described as highly inspired, so a deficiency of motivation was not the obstacle either.
She used the ruler for a purpose other than its usual one, as a cutting edge, which shows that she overcame functional fixedness.
Which of the following disciplines focuses on how people interact with and are affected by their external environments?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : B
Environmental psychology is the discipline that studies how people interact with, and are affected by, their external surroundings, including the built and natural environment, crowding, noise and pollution. Political science studies government and power, anthropology studies human cultures and origins, and sociology studies social groups and institutions, so none of them is concerned mainly with the person-environment relationship.
Marks
Total number of questions : 20
Number of answered questions : 0
Number of unanswered questions : 20