Instruction
- Total number of questions : 20
- Time allotted : 30:00 Minutes:Seconds.
- Each question carry 1 mark, no negative marks.
- DO NOT refresh the page.
- All the best
Teaching and Research Aptitude [ Question No: 1 To 20 ] :
Direction for [ Question No: 1 To 1 ] :
Read the following passage and answer the questions below :
There is a true schism between Science and society. They form, so-to-say, two disparate worlds. On the one hand, there is society claiming that science is responsible for most of the evil on earth, having caused all the pollution, (like Bhopal, Seveso, and Chernobyl), a society that is nevertheless thoughtlessly using and misusing all the goodies of science and technology. On the other hand, there are many of our great scientists who still think in terms of unlimited progress on a technological level. They are convinced that progress of mankind is measured, apart from achievements in cosmic knowledge, in extension of life-span of human beings, genetically modifying human species and so on.
Is it really a meaningful goal to further improve the living standards of affluent minority and extend their individual life span ? Would it not be better to attempt to extend the life span of the entire mankind on earth ? If we do not think long term, nature will find its own ways to set limits : ‘Eat and be extent’. If we do not think for ahead, our descendants will have to experience the fatal limits without being properly prepared.
Who should, then, care about the far future ? This leads us to the question of sustainability. Sustainable development is today a well accepted conversation piece in any upper class society (a real tea-time conversation).
This space-age has taught us that we live on a fragile planet with an onion skin atmosphere, containing all that is dear to natural life. And that we humans are converting all of it into a waste including even the narrowest band of breathable air, at an alarming rate of pollution, destruction and overpopulation.
In the words of Jeroma Karle (1985, Nobel Laureate in Chemistry), if humans continue to increase the earth’s population, destroy the environment and produce children whose lives are devoid of love, self-respect, culture and respect for the dignity of others, we can expect an increasing loss of quality of life, much suffering and violence, and a return to dark ages.’
In brief, science and technology alone cannot solve the problems of new Millennium.
Our current obsession with technology is a dead end. We need additional guidelines for our actions.
Unless the new millennium renews our faith in the unknown – the miraculous mystery of man’s soul, we shall not be able to protect our fragile planet the nature’s gift to mankind, for long. And that would reflect the darkest face of human development through science, technology and technology alone.
The tone of the passage is
Direction for [ Question No: 2 To 2 ] :
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions :
The popular view of towns and cities in developing countries and of urbanization process is that despite the benefits and comforts it brings, the emergence of such cities connotes environmental degradation, generation of slums and squatters, urban poverty, unemployment, crimes, lawlessness, traffic chaos etc. But what is the reality ? Given the unprecedented increase in urban population over the last 50 years from 300 million in 1950 to 2 billion in 2000 in developing countries, the wonder really is how well the world has coped, and not how badly. In general, the urban quality of life has improved in terms of availability of water and sanitation, power, health and education, communication and transport. By way of illustration, a large number of urban residents have been provided with improved water in urban areas in Asia's largest countries such as China, India, Indonesia and Philippines. Despite that, the access to improved water in terms of percentage of total urban population seems to have declined during the last decade of 20th century, though in absolute numbers, millions of additional urbanites, have been provided improved services. These countries have made significant progress in the provision of sanitation services too, together, providing for an additional population of more than 293 million citizens within a decade (1990-2000). These improvements must be viewed against the backdrop of rapidly increasing urban population, fiscal crunch and strained human resources and efficient and quality-oriented public management.
Which one of the following is not considered as an indicator of urban quality of life ?
Direction for [ Question No: 3 To 3 ] :
On the basis of the data given in the following table, give answers to questions :
Government Expenditures on Social Services (As percent of total expenditure)
| Sl. No. | Items | 2007-08 | 2008-09 | 2009-10 | 2010-11 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social Services | 11.06 | 12.94 | 13.06 | 14.02 | |
| (a) | Education, sports & youth affairs | 4.02 | 4.04 | 3.96 | 4.46 |
| (b) | Health & family welfare | 2.05 | 1.91 | 1.90 | 2.03 |
| (c) | Water supply, housing, etc. | 2.02 | 2.31 | 2.20 | 2.27 |
| (d) | Information & broadcasting | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.20 | 0.22 |
| (e) | Welfare to SC/ST & OBC | 0.36 | 0.35 | 0.41 | 0.63 |
| (f) | Labour and employment | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.22 | 0.25 |
| (g) | Social welfare & nutrition | 0.82 | 0.72 | 0.79 | 1.06 |
| (h) | North-eastern areas | 0.00 | 1.56 | 1.50 | 1.75 |
| (i) | Other social services | 1.29 | 1.55 | 1.87 | 1.34 |
| Total Government expenditure | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
Which of the following items of social services has registered the highest rate of increase in expenditures during 2007-08 to 2010-11 ?
Direction for [ Question No: 4 To 4 ] :
Directions : Answer the questions based on either the English passage or the Marathi passage :
An earthquake comes like a thief in the night, without warning. It was necessary, therefore to invent instruments that neither slumbered nor slept. Some devices were quite simple. One, for instance, consisted of rods of various lengths and thicknesses which would stand up on end like ninepins. When a shock came it shook the rigid table upon which these stood. If it were gentle, only the more unstable rods fell. If it were severe, they all fell. Thus, the rods by falling and by the direction in which they fell, recorded for the slumbering scientist, the strength of a shock that was too weak to waken him and the direction from which it came. But, instruments far more delicate than that were needed if any really serious advance was to be made. The ideal to be aimed at was to devise an instrument that could record with a pen on paper the movements, of the ground or of the table, as the quake passed by. While I write my pen moves but the paper keeps still. With practice, no doubt, I could, in time, learn to write by holding the pen still while the paper moved. That sounds a silly suggestion, but that was precisely the idea adopted in some of the early instruments (seismometers) for recording earthquake waves. But when table, penholder and paper are all moving how is it possible to write legibly ? The key to a solution of that problem lay in an everyday observation. Why does a person standing in a bus or train tend to fall when a sudden start is made ? It is because his feet move on, but his head stays still.
The everyday observation mentioned in the passage is related to ................. .
Direction for [ Question No: 5 To 5 ] :
Fill in the blanks with the most suitable choice.
When writing a letter to apply for a job, your description of your qualifications should be ______
The research stream of immediate application is
In order to avoid catastrophic consequences of climate change, there is general agreement among the countries of the world to limit the rise in average surface temperature of earth compared to that of pre-industrial times by
Which one of the following is a scaled down teaching situation ?
GIF stands for
A research paper
A workshop is
'Minamata disaster' in Japan was caused by pollution due to
The science that deals with the relationship of various organisms with their environment is known as ...........................
Scientific theories :
The main role of UGC in higher education is to ....................... .
It is not necessary or possible to get informed consent when carrying out research on young children. Is this true ?
Which of the following is characteristic of action research ?
Which type of waste is classified as hazardous ?
Match List I with List II.
| List I (Term) | List II (Meaning) |
|---|---|
| a. Filtering | I. Information exceeding the processing capacity |
| b. Information overload | II. Language related |
| c. Semantic barrier | III. Undue anxiety about communication |
| d. Communication apprehension | IV. Manipulating information |
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
________ is the process by which the receiver interprets the symbols used by the source of the message.
Total number of questions : 20
Number of answered questions : 0
Number of unanswered questions : 20
Teaching and Research Aptitude [ Question No: 1 To 20 ] :
Direction for [ Question No: 1 To 1 ] :
Read the following passage and answer the questions below :
There is a true schism between Science and society. They form, so-to-say, two disparate worlds. On the one hand, there is society claiming that science is responsible for most of the evil on earth, having caused all the pollution, (like Bhopal, Seveso, and Chernobyl), a society that is nevertheless thoughtlessly using and misusing all the goodies of science and technology. On the other hand, there are many of our great scientists who still think in terms of unlimited progress on a technological level. They are convinced that progress of mankind is measured, apart from achievements in cosmic knowledge, in extension of life-span of human beings, genetically modifying human species and so on.
Is it really a meaningful goal to further improve the living standards of affluent minority and extend their individual life span ? Would it not be better to attempt to extend the life span of the entire mankind on earth ? If we do not think long term, nature will find its own ways to set limits : ‘Eat and be extent’. If we do not think for ahead, our descendants will have to experience the fatal limits without being properly prepared.
Who should, then, care about the far future ? This leads us to the question of sustainability. Sustainable development is today a well accepted conversation piece in any upper class society (a real tea-time conversation).
This space-age has taught us that we live on a fragile planet with an onion skin atmosphere, containing all that is dear to natural life. And that we humans are converting all of it into a waste including even the narrowest band of breathable air, at an alarming rate of pollution, destruction and overpopulation.
In the words of Jeroma Karle (1985, Nobel Laureate in Chemistry), if humans continue to increase the earth’s population, destroy the environment and produce children whose lives are devoid of love, self-respect, culture and respect for the dignity of others, we can expect an increasing loss of quality of life, much suffering and violence, and a return to dark ages.’
In brief, science and technology alone cannot solve the problems of new Millennium.
Our current obsession with technology is a dead end. We need additional guidelines for our actions.
Unless the new millennium renews our faith in the unknown – the miraculous mystery of man’s soul, we shall not be able to protect our fragile planet the nature’s gift to mankind, for long. And that would reflect the darkest face of human development through science, technology and technology alone.
The tone of the passage is
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : B
The tone of the passage is critical. The author finds fault with society for blaming science while using its benefits, with scientists for believing in unlimited technological progress, and with the present obsession with technology, which is called a dead end.
It is not merely descriptive, as it passes judgement throughout. It is not analytical in the strict sense of weighing evidence step by step, and it is not prescriptive, because the passage offers no list of actions beyond the remark that additional guidelines are needed.
Direction for [ Question No: 2 To 2 ] :
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions :
The popular view of towns and cities in developing countries and of urbanization process is that despite the benefits and comforts it brings, the emergence of such cities connotes environmental degradation, generation of slums and squatters, urban poverty, unemployment, crimes, lawlessness, traffic chaos etc. But what is the reality ? Given the unprecedented increase in urban population over the last 50 years from 300 million in 1950 to 2 billion in 2000 in developing countries, the wonder really is how well the world has coped, and not how badly. In general, the urban quality of life has improved in terms of availability of water and sanitation, power, health and education, communication and transport. By way of illustration, a large number of urban residents have been provided with improved water in urban areas in Asia's largest countries such as China, India, Indonesia and Philippines. Despite that, the access to improved water in terms of percentage of total urban population seems to have declined during the last decade of 20th century, though in absolute numbers, millions of additional urbanites, have been provided improved services. These countries have made significant progress in the provision of sanitation services too, together, providing for an additional population of more than 293 million citizens within a decade (1990-2000). These improvements must be viewed against the backdrop of rapidly increasing urban population, fiscal crunch and strained human resources and efficient and quality-oriented public management.
Which one of the following is not considered as an indicator of urban quality of life ?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : A
The passage names availability of water and sanitation, power, health and education, communication and transport as indicators of the quality of urban life, which fits provision of basic services and access to social amenities. The tempo, or speed, of urbanization describes how fast cities grow, not how good life is in them. So tempo of urbanization is not an indicator, and 'all the above' is wrong. The answer is tempo of urbanization.
Direction for [ Question No: 3 To 3 ] :
On the basis of the data given in the following table, give answers to questions :
Government Expenditures on Social Services (As percent of total expenditure)
| Sl. No. | Items | 2007-08 | 2008-09 | 2009-10 | 2010-11 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social Services | 11.06 | 12.94 | 13.06 | 14.02 | |
| (a) | Education, sports & youth affairs | 4.02 | 4.04 | 3.96 | 4.46 |
| (b) | Health & family welfare | 2.05 | 1.91 | 1.90 | 2.03 |
| (c) | Water supply, housing, etc. | 2.02 | 2.31 | 2.20 | 2.27 |
| (d) | Information & broadcasting | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.20 | 0.22 |
| (e) | Welfare to SC/ST & OBC | 0.36 | 0.35 | 0.41 | 0.63 |
| (f) | Labour and employment | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.22 | 0.25 |
| (g) | Social welfare & nutrition | 0.82 | 0.72 | 0.79 | 1.06 |
| (h) | North-eastern areas | 0.00 | 1.56 | 1.50 | 1.75 |
| (i) | Other social services | 1.29 | 1.55 | 1.87 | 1.34 |
| Total Government expenditure | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
Which of the following items of social services has registered the highest rate of increase in expenditures during 2007-08 to 2010-11 ?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : B
Calculate the percentage rise in each item's share from 2007-08 to 2010-11.
\[ \text{Education: } \frac{4.46-4.02}{4.02}\approx 11\% \]
\[ \text{SC/ST and OBC: } \frac{0.63-0.36}{0.36}=75\% \]
\[ \text{Social welfare: } \frac{1.06-0.82}{0.82}\approx 29\% \]
\[ \text{Overall: } \frac{14.02-11.06}{11.06}\approx 27\% \]
Welfare to SC/ST and OBC has the highest rate, 75 percent. The answer is welfare to SC/ST and OBC.
Direction for [ Question No: 4 To 4 ] :
Directions : Answer the questions based on either the English passage or the Marathi passage :
An earthquake comes like a thief in the night, without warning. It was necessary, therefore to invent instruments that neither slumbered nor slept. Some devices were quite simple. One, for instance, consisted of rods of various lengths and thicknesses which would stand up on end like ninepins. When a shock came it shook the rigid table upon which these stood. If it were gentle, only the more unstable rods fell. If it were severe, they all fell. Thus, the rods by falling and by the direction in which they fell, recorded for the slumbering scientist, the strength of a shock that was too weak to waken him and the direction from which it came. But, instruments far more delicate than that were needed if any really serious advance was to be made. The ideal to be aimed at was to devise an instrument that could record with a pen on paper the movements, of the ground or of the table, as the quake passed by. While I write my pen moves but the paper keeps still. With practice, no doubt, I could, in time, learn to write by holding the pen still while the paper moved. That sounds a silly suggestion, but that was precisely the idea adopted in some of the early instruments (seismometers) for recording earthquake waves. But when table, penholder and paper are all moving how is it possible to write legibly ? The key to a solution of that problem lay in an everyday observation. Why does a person standing in a bus or train tend to fall when a sudden start is made ? It is because his feet move on, but his head stays still.
The everyday observation mentioned in the passage is related to ................. .
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : A
The everyday observation is the tendency of a standing person to fall when a bus or train moves suddenly.
The passage poses the problem of writing legibly when table, pen and paper all move, and says its solution lay in an everyday observation: Why does a person standing in a bus or train tend to fall when a sudden start is made? It is because his feet move on, but his head stays still. The point is that the heavy, still part (the head, and in a seismograph the suspended mass) lags behind the moving base.
The movement of the vehicle, the passengers standing in it and the sudden start of the train are all parts of the scene, but the observation itself is about the person's tendency to fall, so only the first option states it.
Direction for [ Question No: 5 To 5 ] :
Fill in the blanks with the most suitable choice.
When writing a letter to apply for a job, your description of your qualifications should be ______
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : A
The description should be accurate.
A job application is relied on by the employer to judge whether a candidate is suitable, so qualifications must be described exactly as they are, neither more nor less. Accurate claims can be verified, and they build trust.
Exaggerating qualifications is dishonest and is likely to be found out when certificates are checked. Being modest risks underselling real abilities. 'Simple' describes the style of writing, not whether the content is truthful, so it misses the point.
The research stream of immediate application is
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : B
The research stream of immediate application is action research. It is carried out to solve a specific problem in a real situation, such as a school or a workplace, and the findings are applied at once.
Fundamental research aims at extending knowledge with no immediate use, conceptual research develops theory, and empirical research rests on observation. None is aimed at immediate application. Its findings are used to improve the situation being studied, and its sample is usually the local group itself.
In order to avoid catastrophic consequences of climate change, there is general agreement among the countries of the world to limit the rise in average surface temperature of earth compared to that of pre-industrial times by
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : A
The agreed limit is a rise of 1.5 degrees C to 2 degrees C above pre-industrial temperatures. Climate negotiations aim to hold the rise in average surface temperature to about 2 degrees C, with efforts towards 1.5 degrees C, to avoid the worst effects.
A range of 2.0 to 3.5 degrees C would allow far greater damage, and 0.5 to 1.0 and 0.25 to 0.5 degrees C are too small, since the world had already warmed by about 0.8 degrees C by then. This target is also why countries have agreed to reduce emissions steadily over the coming decades.
Which one of the following is a scaled down teaching situation ?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : D
A scaled-down teaching situation is micro teaching.
In micro teaching a trainee teaches a small group of students a short lesson of about 5 to 10 minutes, concentrating on one skill, and then receives feedback. Class size, time and the content are all reduced.
Macro teaching is the normal full-size lesson. Team teaching and cooperative teaching involve several teachers or learners and are not reductions of the lesson.
GIF stands for
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : D
GIF stands for Graphics Interchange Format.
It is an image file format that was introduced in 1987, widely used for small graphics and simple animation on the web, and it supports only 256 colours.
The other expansions are not what the letters stand for: GIF has no word 'Global', 'Information' or 'File' in its name.
It is worth knowing the contrast with JPEG, which supports millions of colours and is better for photographs, whereas GIF is better for logos and flat-colour graphics.
A research paper
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : C
A research paper contains peer-reviewed original research or evaluation of research conducted by others.
A research paper reports a study or reviews and assesses other research, and it normally goes through peer review before it is published.
A compilation of information on a topic is a general review or report, not a research paper. Original research as deemed by the author alone is not enough without review. Publishing the same paper in several journals is duplicate publication, which is unethical.
A workshop is
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : D
A workshop is a brief intensive course for a small group emphasising the development of a skill or technique for solving a specific problem.
The stress in a workshop is on doing: participants practise a skill or work on a problem under guidance, usually over a short period.
A conference or a meeting for discussion is mainly a forum for talking about a topic. A class in which a teacher and students discuss a topic describes a seminar rather than a workshop.
'Minamata disaster' in Japan was caused by pollution due to
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : B
The Minamata disaster in Japan (first recognised in 1956) was caused by mercury, discharged as methylmercury in the waste water of a chemical factory into Minamata Bay. It built up in fish and shellfish eaten by the people and caused a severe neurological disease. Lead, cadmium and zinc are not the cause of this disease, although cadmium caused the Itai-itai disease in Japan. The answer is mercury.
The science that deals with the relationship of various organisms with their environment is known as ...........................
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : C
The science is ecology.
Ecology, a term coined by Ernst Haeckel, studies the relationships of organisms with one another and with their physical environment.
Anthropology studies human societies and cultures, economics the production and distribution of goods, and geology the earth's rocks and structure.
Scientific theories :
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : B
Scientific theories arise through inductive reasoning.
A theory is a broad explanation built by generalising from many specific observations and tested results, which is inductive reasoning: from particular cases to a general principle. Deduction is then used in the opposite direction, to derive specific predictions from the theory that can be tested.
So theories are tested deductively but arise inductively. A theory is a wide generalisation, not a 'least' one. And a scientific theory must be open to disproof by contrary evidence; one that could never be disproved would not be scientific.
The main role of UGC in higher education is to ....................... .
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : D
The main role of the UGC is to provide funds to universities.
The University Grants Commission, a statutory body since the UGC Act of 1956, allocates and disburses grants to universities and colleges and coordinates and maintains standards in higher education. Grant-giving is its defining function, as its name says.
The UGC does not open universities itself; they are set up by central or state laws. Accreditation is done by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC), which the UGC set up. University administration is controlled by each university's own statutory bodies, not by the UGC.
It is not necessary or possible to get informed consent when carrying out research on young children. Is this true ?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : B
The statement is not true: the investigator should have due respect for children's rights and welfare.
Research ethics apply fully to children. Informed consent must be obtained from parents or guardians, and the child's own assent should be sought in a form suited to his or her age. Children may also stop taking part at any time, and their safety and privacy must be protected.
The 'yes' options give unacceptable reasons: children's limited understanding calls for more care, not less; scientific needs never justify harming participants; and ethical guidelines apply to all research participants, not only adults.
Which of the following is characteristic of action research ?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : B
The key's characteristic of action research is that data is qualitative.
Action research is carried out by practitioners, such as teachers or extension workers, to solve a problem in their own setting. It typically relies on qualitative data such as observations, reflective journals, interviews and discussions, gathered in a cycle of plan, act, observe and reflect.
Controlled variables and proof of cause and effect belong to experimental research, and because action research concerns one particular local situation, its results are not meant to be generalised.
Which type of waste is classified as hazardous ?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : A
The hazardous type is chemical waste.
Hazardous waste is waste that is toxic, corrosive, flammable or reactive and so poses a substantial danger to health or the environment. Chemical waste from industries and laboratories, such as solvents, acids, heavy metals and pesticides, falls squarely in this class and is regulated separately in India under the Hazardous and Other Wastes Rules.
Household, commercial and agricultural waste are classified by their source. They may contain some hazardous items, such as batteries or pesticide containers, but as classes they are general or non-hazardous waste, not hazardous waste.
Match List I with List II.
| List I (Term) | List II (Meaning) |
|---|---|
| a. Filtering | I. Information exceeding the processing capacity |
| b. Information overload | II. Language related |
| c. Semantic barrier | III. Undue anxiety about communication |
| d. Communication apprehension | IV. Manipulating information |
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : C
The correct matching is a-IV, b-I, c-II, d-III.
- Filtering is a sender manipulating information so it looks more favourable to the receiver (IV).
- Information overload is when information exceeds a person's processing capacity (I).
- A semantic barrier is language-related: words and symbols understood differently (II).
- Communication apprehension is undue anxiety about communicating (III).
Option B swaps information overload with communication apprehension and semantic barriers.
________ is the process by which the receiver interprets the symbols used by the source of the message.
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : B
The receiver's interpretation of the symbols is Decoding.
In the communication process, the sender encodes an idea into symbols (words, gestures, signals), the message travels through a channel, and the receiver decodes those symbols to recover the meaning. Communication succeeds when the decoded meaning matches what the sender intended.
Encoding is the sender's step, the reverse of decoding. Listening is the act of receiving sound, which may or may not lead to correct interpretation, and 'Listing' is not a stage of communication.
Marks
Total number of questions : 20
Number of answered questions : 0
Number of unanswered questions : 20