GATE Life Sciences 2023
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Life Sciences (XL)
General Aptitude (GA)
Q.1 – Q.5 Carry ONE mark Each
Q.1 The village was nestled in a green spot, _______ the ocean and the hills.
(A) through
(B) in
(C) at
(D) between
Q.2 Disagree : Protest : : Agree : _______
(By word meaning)
(A) Refuse
(B) Pretext
(C) Recommend
(D) Refute
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.3 A ‘frabjous’ number is defined as a 3 digit number with all digits odd, and no two
adjacent digits being the same. For example, 137 is a frabjous number, while 133 is
not. How many such frabjous numbers exist?
(A) 125
(B) 720
(C) 60
(D) 80
Q.4 Which one among the following statements must be TRUE about the mean and the
median of the scores of all candidates appearing for GATE 2023?
(A) The median is at least as large as the mean.
(B) The mean is at least as large as the median.
(C) At most half the candidates have a score that is larger than the median.
(D) At most half the candidates have a score that is larger than the mean.
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.5 In the given diagram, ovals are marked at different heights (h) of a hill. Which one
of the following options P, Q, R, and S depicts the top view of the hill?
(A) P
(B) Q
(C) R
(D) S
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.6 – Q.10 Carry TWO marks Each
Q.6 Residency is a famous housing complex with many well-established individuals
among its residents. A recent survey conducted among the residents of the complex
revealed that all of those residents who are well established in their respective fields
happen to be academicians. The survey also revealed that most of these
academicians are authors of some best-selling books.
Based only on the information provided above, which one of the following
statements can be logically inferred with certainty?
(A) Some residents of the complex who are well established in their fields are also
authors of some best-selling books.
(B) All academicians residing in the complex are well established in their fields.
(C) Some authors of best-selling books are residents of the complex who are well
established in their fields.
(D) Some academicians residing in the complex are well established in their fields.
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.7 Ankita has to climb 5 stairs starting at the ground, while respecting the following
rules:
1. At any stage, Ankita can move either one or two stairs up.
2. At any stage, Ankita cannot move to a lower step.
Let F(N) denote the number of possible ways in which Ankita can reach the N tℎ
stair. For example, F(1) = 1, F(2) = 2, F(3) = 3.
The value of F(5) is _______.
(A) 8
(B) 7
(C) 6
(D) 5
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.8 The information contained in DNA is used to synthesize proteins that are necessary
for the functioning of life. DNA is composed of four nucleotides: Adenine (A),
Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G). The information contained in DNA
can then be thought of as a sequence of these four nucleotides: A, T, C, and G. DNA
has coding and non-coding regions. Coding regions—where the sequence of these
nucleotides are read in groups of three to produce individual amino
acids—constitute only about 2% of human DNA. For example, the triplet of
nucleotides CCG codes for the amino acid glycine, while the triplet GGA codes for
the amino acid proline. Multiple amino acids are then assembled to form a protein.
Based only on the information provided above, which of the following statements
can be logically inferred with certainty?
(i) The majority of human DNA has no role in the synthesis of proteins.
(ii) The function of about 98% of human DNA is not understood.
(A) only (i)
(B) only (ii)
(C) both (i) and (ii)
(D) neither (i) nor (ii)
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.9 Which one of the given figures P, Q, R and S represents the graph of the following
function?
f(x) = | |x + 2| − |x − 1| |
(A) P
(B) Q
(C) R
(D) S
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.10 An opaque cylinder (shown below) is suspended in the path of a parallel beam of
light, such that its shadow is cast on a screen oriented perpendicular to the direction
of the light beam. The cylinder can be reoriented in any direction within the light
beam. Under these conditions, which one of the shadows P, Q, R, and S is NOT
possible?
(A) P
(B) Q
(C) R
(D) S
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.12 What is the major product formed in the given reaction?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.15 Suitable reagent(s) to bring about the conversion of P to Q in good yield is/are
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.16 Choose the CORRECT trend(s) of the first ionization energies among the following.
(Given: Atomic numbers C: 6; N: 7; O: 8; F: 9; Si: 14; P: 15; S: 16; Cl: 17)
(A) C<N>O<F
(B) Si < P > S < Cl
(C) C<N<O<F
(D) Si < P < S < Cl
Q.17 The depression of freezing point of water (in K) for 0.1 molal solutions of NaCl and
Na2SO4 are ∆T1 and ∆T2, respectively. Assuming the solutions to be ideal, the
ratio ∆T1 ⁄∆T2 is _____________ (rounded off to two decimal places).
Q.18 Considering cyclobutane to be planar, the number of planes of symmetry in the
following compound is _____________ (in integer).
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.19 The dipole moment (μ) of BrF is 1.42 D and the bond length is 176 pm. The atomic
charge distribution (q) in the molecule is _____ (rounded off to two decimal places).
(Given: 1 D = 3.34 × 10ˉ30 C m; the factor e (electronic charge) = 1.60 × 10ˉ19 C)
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Life Sciences (XL)
XL-P: Q.20 – Q.27 Carry TWO marks Each
Q.20 Consider two different paths in which the volume of an ideal gas doubles
isothermally:
i) Reversible expansion (work done = wrev )
ii) Irreversible expansion, with the external pressure equal to the final pressure
of the gas (work done = wirrev )
wrev
Here, = ________________.
wirrev
(A) 2 ln 2
(B) 1
ln 2
2
(C) 1 1
ln
2 2
(D) 1
2 ln
2
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.21 A mixture of four peptides, PKKRK, RGERV, RYRGV and LVVYP, is loaded onto
an ion-exchange column at pH = 7.2. If carboxymethyl (CM) cellulose is used as
the stationary phase of this column, then which peptide elutes first?
(A) PKKRK
(B) RGERV
(C) RYRGV
(D) LVVYP
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.22 Match the coordination complexes given in Column I with the most appropriate
properties in Column II.
(Given: Atomic numbers of Mn: 25; Co: 27; Ni: 28)
Column I Column II
Coordination complexes Properties
E. [Mn(H2O)6]2+ 1. 5.92 Bohr Magneton (BM)
F. [CoF6]3ˉ 2. CFSE = 0.4 Δo
G. [NiCl4]2ˉ 3. Metal ion hybridisation is sp3
H. [Ni(CN)4]2ˉ 4. Diamagnetic
(A) E-1, F-2, G-3, H-4
(B) E-2, F-1, G-4, H-3
(C) E-4, F-2, G-1, H-3
(D) E-1, F-4, G-3, H-2
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.25 Compound X gives alcohol P as the major product for the reaction shown below.
Suitable option(s) for X is/are
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Q.26 The number of radial node(s) for the valence orbital of U(III) ion is _____ (in
integer).
(Given: Atomic number of U is 92)
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.27 Eº = 1.10 V for the following cell reaction:
For this reaction, the equilibrium constant is y × 1037 at 298 K. The value of
y is _____ (rounded off to two decimal places).
(Given: F = 96485 C molˉ1, R = 8.314 J K ˉ1molˉ1)
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Life Sciences (XL)
Biochemistry (XL-Q)
XL-Q: Q.28 – Q.35 Carry ONE mark Each
Q.28 Determine the correctness or otherwise of the following Assertion [a] and the
Reason [r].
Assertion [a]: On a per carbon basis, palmitic acid yields more ATP than glucose.
Reason [r]: Carbons in palmitic acid are more reduced than those in glucose.
(A) Both [a] and [r] are true and [r] is the correct reason for [a]
(B) Both [a] and [r] are true but [r] is not the correct reason for [a]
(C) [a] is true but [r] is false
(D) [a] is false but [r] is true
Q.29 When cell components are fractionated by sedimentation, the correct order (from
lower to higher gravitational force, g) in which the components get separated is
_______.
(A) nuclei, mitochondria, microsomes, and ribosomes
(B) microsomes, mitochondria, ribosomes, and nuclei
(C) nuclei, ribosomes, mitochondria, and microsomes
(D) ribosomes, microsomes, mitochondria, and nuclei
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.30 In a population, the probability of a susceptible individual getting infected with
SARS-CoV-2 is low when a majority of individuals in the population becomes
immune to this virus. This phenomenon is known as _______.
(A) innate immunity
(B) adaptive immunity
(C) active immunity
(D) herd immunity
Q.31 Given below are four reactions of the glycolytic pathway catalyzed by the enzymes
E1, E2, E3, and E4, as indicated. Which of these enzymes is/are NOT part of the
gluconeogenesis pathway?
(A) E1
(B) E2
(C) E3
(D) E4
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.32 Which of the following molecules is/are second messenger(s) produced by the
phosphoinositide signaling cascade?
(A) Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
(B) Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate
(C) Inositol 1,3,5-triphosphate
(D) Diacylglycerol
Q.33 A protein has seven cysteine residues. The maximum number of disulfide bonds of
different combinations that can possibly be formed by these seven cysteine residues
is _______ (in integer).
Q.34 A lyophilized sample of 20 nanomoles of an oligonucleotide is dissolved in water
and the volume of the solution is made up to 200 L. The concentration (in M) of
the oligonucleotide in this solution is ______ (in integer).
Q.35 DNA in a 1 cm long chromatin contains 5 × 109 base pairs. The fold compaction
of this DNA within the chromatin is _______ (in integer).
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Life Sciences (XL)
XL-Q: Q.36 – Q.46 Carry TWO marks Each
Q.36 Intracellular concentrations of ATP, ADP, and inorganic phosphate in four cell
types are given below. Which one of these cell types has the most negative ∆G for
ATP hydrolysis?
Cell type ATP (mM) ADP (mM) Inorganic phosphate (mM)
L 3.0 1.8 5.0
K 3.9 1.3 3.0
B 2.7 0.7 2.7
M 7.2 0.9 8.0
(A) L
(B) K
(C) B
(D) M
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.37 Which one of the following amino acids has more than two acid-base groups?
(A) Alanine
(B) Leucine
(C) Phenylalanine
(D) Tyrosine
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.38 Enzyme activity profiles as a function of time in the absence or presence of different
types of feedback mechanisms are shown in the figure below. Match the following
feedback mechanisms with the corresponding profiles in the figure.
(p) No feedback mechanism
(q) Negative feedback mechanism with short delay
(r) Negative feedback mechanism with long delay
(s) Positive feedback mechanism
(A) (p) – (i); (q) – (ii); (r) – (iii); (s) – (iv)
(B) (p) – (iv); (q) – (iii); (r) – (ii); (s) – (i)
(C) (p) – (iv); (q) – (ii); (r) – (iii); (s) – (i)
(D) (p) – (i); (q) – (iii); (r) – (ii); (s) – (iv)
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.39 A linear DNA fragment of 5 kilobase (kb) when completely digested with EcoRI
produces 2.5 kb, 1.5 kb, and 1 kb fragments. Complete digestion of the same 5 kb
fragment with XbaI produces 3.5 kb and 1.5 kb fragments. Which one of the
following sets of fragments will be obtained if the 5 kb fragment is fully digested
with EcoRI and XbaI simultaneously?
(A) 3 kb and 2 kb
(B) 2 kb and 1 kb
(C) 2 kb, 1.5 kb, 1 kb, and 0.5 kb
(D) 2.5 kb, 1.5 kb, 0.75 kb, and 0.25 kb
Q.40 Match the cell types listed in Group I with associated processes listed in Group II.
Group I Group II
(p) NK cells (i) Antibody production
(q) B cells (ii) First cells to be recruited at the site of infection
(r) Mast cells (iii) Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
(s) Neutrophils (iv) Histamine production
(A) (p) – (ii); (q) – (i); (r) – (iii); (s) – (iv)
(B) (p) – (ii); (q) – (i); (r) – (iv); (s) – (iii)
(C) (p) – (iii); (q) – (i); (r) – (iv); (s) – (ii)
(D) (p) – (iii); (q) – (ii); (r) – (i); (s) – (iv)
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.41 Four statements about lipids are given below as options. Choose the statement(s)
which is/are CORRECT.
(A) Cholesterol is amphipathic
(B) Self-assembly of phospholipids in water is due to hydrophobic effect
(C) The temperature at which the gel phase changes to liquid crystalline phase increases
with an increase in the degree of unsaturation of fatty acyl tails
(D) The choline head group of lipids is positively charged
Q.42 Which of the following technique(s) can be used to separate proteins according to
their molecular weights from a mixture of proteins?
(A) Ion exchange chromatography
(B) Size exclusion chromatography
(C) Sodium dodecylsulfate – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)
(D) Sucrose density gradient centrifugation
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.43 B cells produce two forms of an immunoglobulin: (i) membrane-bound form,
known as B cell receptor (BCR) and (ii) soluble form, known as antibody. Which
of the following statements is/are CORRECT about BCR and antibody produced by
the same B cell?
(A) BCR and antibody have identical antigen binding site
(B) BCR and antibody recognize different epitopes
(C) BCR and antibody are encoded by the same gene
(D) BCR and antibody are formed by differential splicing
Q.44 A 100 ml solution of pH 10 was well-mixed with a 100 ml solution of pH 4. The
pH of the resultant 200 ml solution is ___________ (rounded off to two decimal
places).
Q.45 An organism uses only the glycerophosphate shunt pathway to transport cytosolic
NADH to mitochondria. For every two electrons transported, complex I, complex
III, and complex IV of the electron transport chain in this organism transport 2.5,
1.5, and 2.0 protons (H+), respectively. The H+ to ATP ratio of FOF1-ATPase of this
organism is 4.0. Terminal electron acceptor is oxygen.
The number of ATP molecules synthesized by oxidizing NADH from glycolysis is
__________ (rounded off to two decimal places).
Q.46 If the extracellular concentration of sodium ion (Na+ ) is ten times more than its
intracellular concentration, then the sodium equilibrium potential at 20 ºC in mV is
________________ (rounded off to two decimal places). Assume that the
membrane is permeable only to Na+ ions. [Use R = 1.987 cal deg−1 mol −1 and F
= 23062 cal mol −1 V −1]
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Life Sciences (XL)
Botany (XL-R)
XL-R: Q.47 – Q.54 Carry ONE mark Each
Q.47 Which one of the following statements on Casparian strips is correct?
(A) Casparian strips are specific to vascular plants found in epidermal cells.
(B) Casparian strips are modifications mostly found in shoot tissue.
(C) Casparian strips act as a cellular barrier to allow selective nutrient uptake and
exclusion of pathogens.
(D) Casparian strips are common in root endodermal cells of non-vascular plants.
Q.48 Rotenone is a chemical often used to kill insect pests on crop plants and fishes in
lakes. Rotenone acts by inhibiting electron transport from the NADH
dehydrogenase enzyme in Complex I to ubiquinone in the mitochondrial electron
transport chain. Which one of the following explains why plants can tolerate
rotenone application?
(A) The Complex I in plants is resistant to rotenone.
(B) Plants inactivate rotenone by enzymatic degradation.
(C) Plants have specific channels that efflux rotenone out of the cell.
(D) Plants have additional NAD(P)H dehydrogenases that are resistant to rotenone.
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.49 Although Pseudomonas syringae infection in plants is actively inhibited by the
endogenous salicylic acid (SA) of host origin, a successful infection is still
established because the bacterium secretes coronatine, an effector molecule.
Which one of the following best describes the mode of action of coronatine?
(A) Coronatine inhibits SA biosynthesis.
(B) Coronatine promotes the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid (JA), and JA signaling in
turn inhibits SA response.
(C) Coronatine is a structural analogue of SA, which binds to the SA receptor and
inhibits its function.
(D) Coronatine is a structural analogue of jasmonic acid (JA), which activates JA
signaling to inhibit SA response.
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.50 The schematic depicts an unexpanded plant cell within a hypocotyl with the
arrangement of cellulose microfibrils marked on its cell wall.
Which one of the following shapes would most likely result from the expansion of
this cell if the pattern of the cellulose fibrils does not change?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.51 Which one or more of the following statements is/are NOT CORRECT with
respect to pollen development in angiosperm?
(A) Tapetal cell wall in all angiosperms breaks down to release the cytoplasmic
content.
(B) Tapetal cell wall in all angiosperms remains intact.
(C) Tapetal cell wall breaks down in some angiosperm species, whereas it remains
intact in others.
(D) Within an angiosperm species, the tapetal cell wall breaks down in some
individuals and not in others.
Q.52 Regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase) governs CO2 fixation
in both C4 and CAM (crassulacean acid metabolism) plants. Which one or more
of the following statements with respect to PEPCase activity is/are CORRECT?
(A) PEPCase in C4 plants is inactivated by dephosphorylation during the day.
(B) PEPCase in CAM plants is inactivated by dephosphorylation during the day.
(C) PEPCase in C4 plants is inactivated by dephosphorylation at night.
(D) PEPCase in CAM plants is inactivated by dephosphorylation at night.
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.53 Which one or more processes listed below DOES NOT/DO NOT produce carbon
dioxide during fermentation?
(A) Brewing wine using yeast.
(B) Baking bread using yeast.
(C) Making yogurt using lactobacillus.
(D) Making cheese using fungus.
Q.54 The ovule of a diploid species with 2n = 8 undergoes double fertilization. If the
pollen is contributed by an individual with meiotic nondisjunction, the
chromosome number of the zygote will be _________.
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Life Sciences (XL)
XL-R: Q.55 – Q.65 Carry TWO marks Each
Q.55 Match the tasks given in Group I with the associated techniques conventionally
used as listed in Group II.
Group I Group II
P. Ploidy analysis 1. RNA sequencing
Q. Profiling DNA methylation 2. Exome sequencing
R. Identifying non-coding RNAs 3. Fluorescence in situ hybridization
S. Identifying SNPs 4. Bisulfite sequencing
T. Satellite DNA isolation 5. Density-gradient centrifugation
(A) P-2; Q-1; R-3; S-4; T-5
(B) P-3; Q-4; R-1; S-2; T-5
(C) P-5; Q-4; R-1; S-2; T-3
(D) P-3; Q-5; R-1; S-2; T-4
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.56 Periderm is a protective tissue found in stems and roots of gymnosperm and
woody dicotyledons. It contributes to the increased thickness by secondary
growth. Match the peridermal components given in Group I with the cell/tissue
types given in Group II.
Group I Group II
(P) Phelloids (1) Tissue resembling cortical parenchyma
(Q) Phellogen (2) Cork cambium
(R) Phellem (3) Cork-like cells
(S) Phelloderm (4) Cork
(A) P-4; Q-3; R-1; S-2
(B) P-3; Q-2; R-4; S-1
(C) P-2; Q-1; R-3; S-4
(D) P-4; Q-1; R-3; S-2
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.57 Match the following rice diseases in Group I with their causal agents in
Group II.
Group I Group II
(P) Blast (1) Sclerophthora macrospora
(Q) False smut (2) Rhizoctonia solani
(R) Sheath blight (3) Ustilaginoidea virens
(S) Downy mildew (4) Puccinia graminis
(5) Magnaporthe grisea
(A) P-5; Q-3; R-2; S-1
(B) P-4; Q-2; R-5; S-3
(C) P-4; Q-5; R-3; S-1
(D) P-5; Q-4; R-1; S-2
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.58 Central vascular cylinder or stele consists of the primary vascular system (xylem
and phloem) and the associate fundamental tissue. Match the schematics of stele
in Group I (xylem shown in green, and phloem shown as ) with their
respective types in Group II.
Group I Group II
(1) Protostele
(P)
(2) Eustele
(Q)
(3) Atactostele
(R)
(4) Ectophloic siphonostele
(S)
(5) Amphiphloic siphonostele
(A) P-2; Q-4; R-1; S-3
(B) P-5; Q-1; R-4; S-2
(C) P-5; Q-3; R-1; S-2
(D) P-3; Q-4; R-2; S-5
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.59 Consider the following four experimental observations (i, ii, iii, iv) on the effect of
the FT gene on flowering transition in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) of
Arabidopsis thaliana.
i) The FT promoter is active in leaves alone.
ii) The ft null mutation causes delayed flowering transition of the SAM.
iii) Expressing a recombinant FT protein fused to nuclear localization signal
sequence under the endogenous promoter does not rescue the delayed-flowering
phenotype of the ft null mutant.
iv) Downregulation of FT transcript in the SAM by RNA interference in the
wild-type background does not alter flowering transition.
Which one of the following conclusions best explains the above observations?
(A) FT protein resident in leaves causes flowering transition of the SAM.
(B) FT transcript moves from leaves to the meristem and promotes flowering.
(C) FT protein moves from leaves to the SAM and promotes flowering.
(D) Both FT transcript and FT protein are required in the SAM to promote flowering.
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Life Sciences (XL)
Which one of the options given correctly matches the alkaloids in Group I with
Q.60 their source plants in Group II?
Group I Group II
P. Cocaine 1. Cocoa
Q. Caffeine 2. Nightshade
R. Morphine 3. Coca
S. Atropine 4. Poppy
(A) P-3; Q-1; R-4; S-2
(B) P-1; Q-3; R-4; S-2
(C) P-2; Q-1; R-3; S-4
(D) P-4; Q-2; R-1; S-3
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.61 A drought tolerant rice genotype was found to be associated with a missense
mutation in the gene A. Which one or more of the following experiments is/are
appropriate to validate whether the mutation in A is the causal factor for drought
tolerance?
(A) Introduce the same mutation in a drought sensitive rice genotype and test if it
becomes drought tolerant.
(B) Delete the wild-type A in drought sensitive plant and test if it becomes drought
tolerant.
(C) Determine the stability of the protein encoded by the wild-type and the mutant
forms of A.
(D) Repair the mutation in the drought tolerant rice genotype and test if it becomes
drought sensitive.
Q.62 Blue light can directly induce opening of stomata. Blue light also triggers
photosynthesis in the guard cells, which indirectly induces stomatal opening.
Which one or more of the following experimental approaches would test the direct
effect of blue light on stomatal opening?
(A) Application of low photon fluxes of red light followed by high fluence rate of
blue light.
(B) Application of high fluence rates of red light followed by low photon fluxes of
blue light.
(C) Application of high fluence rates of blue light followed by high photon fluxes of
red light.
(D) Inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport by dichlorophenyldimethylurea
(DCMU).
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.63 In a diploid angiosperm species, flower colour is regulated by the R gene.
RR and Rr genotypes produce red flowers, whereas the rr genotype produces
white flowers. If two individual plants are randomly selected from a large
segregating population of a genetic cross between RR and rr parents, the
probability of both the plants producing red flowers is _______.
(Rounded off to two decimal places)
Q.64 A cytoplasmic male-sterile female plant with the restorer (nuclear) genotype rr
is crossed to a male-fertile male plant with the genotype RR. Both RR and Rr can
restore the fertility, whereas rr cannot. When an F1 female plant with Rr genotype
was test-crossed to a male-fertile male plant with the rr genotype, the percentage
of the population that is male fertile would be _______ %.
(Answer in integer)
Q.65 The frequencies for autosomal alleles A and a are p = 0.5 and q = 0.5,
respectively, where A is dominant over a. Under the assumption of random
mating, the mating frequency among dominant parents is _________.
(Rounded off to two decimal places)
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Life Sciences (XL)
Microbiology (XL-S)
XL-S: Q.66 – Q.73 Carry ONE mark each
Q.66 Monkey pox is caused by a
(A) double-stranded DNA virus
(B) single-stranded DNA virus
(C) double-stranded RNA virus
(D) single-stranded RNA virus
Q.67 Which one of the following converts sulfate to hydrogen sulfide?
(A) Beggiatoa
(B) Desulfovibrio
(C) Thiobacillus
(D) Thiothrix
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.68 Which one of the statements about bacterial flagella is correct?
(A) Flagella varies in length ranging from 0.5 to 2 µm.
(B) Flagella are adjacent fibrils with regular patterns.
(C) Flagella helps in conjugation.
(D) Flagella originates from basal body.
Q.69 Microbial plastics are made from
(A) polyhydroxyalkanoates
(B) polystyrene
(C) polyurethane
(D) polyvinyl chloride
Q.70 The correct sequence of metabolic intermediates in Krebs cycle is
(A) α-ketoglutarate → fumarate → succinate → malate
(B) fumarate → malate → succinate → α-ketoglutarate
(C) α-ketoglutarate → succinate → fumarate → malate
(D) succinate → α-ketoglutarate → malate → fumarate
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.71 Catabolite repression in bacteria is regulated by the concentration of
(A) amino acids
(B) glucose
(C) messenger RNA
(D) lactose
Q.72 Phagocytosis was first described by
(A) Elie Metchnikoff
(B) Robert Hooke
(C) Robert Koch
(D) Paul Ehrlich
Q.73 Which one of the following statements about batch culture of microbes is NOT
correct?
(A) Cells from stationary phase will show longer lag phase when inoculated in fresh
growth medium compared to those collected from exponential phase.
(B) Death phase of culture is often exponential in nature.
(C) Stationary phase is the cryptic growth phase.
(D) The rate of generation of new cells during exponential growth phase is constant.
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Life Sciences (XL)
XL-S: Q.74 – Q.84 Carry TWO marks each
Q.74 Match the test in Group I with its application in Group II
Group I Group II
P. Oakley-Fulthorpe test 1. IgM detection
Q. Limulus amoebocyte lysate test 2. Determining antigen-antibody
specificity
R. Weil-Felix reaction test 3. Endotoxin detection
S. Complement-fixation test 4. Rickettsial infection diagnosis
(A) P-2, Q-3, R-4, S-1
(B) P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-3
(C) P-3, Q-1, R-2, S-4
(D) P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-1
Q.75 Which one of the following is NOT correct about antibiotic resistance mechanism
in microbes?
(A) Mycoplasma is naturally resistant to penicillins due to presence of R plasmid.
(B) Gram-negative bacteria are impermeable to penicillin G.
(C) β-lactamases of bacteria can cleave penicillins.
(D) Selective microbes can efflux penicillins entering the cell and develop resistance.
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.76 A suspension of photosynthetic green algae was illuminated in the presence of
14
CO2 for few seconds. The first metabolite in the Calvin cycle to be radiolabeled
will be
(A) glyceraldehyde
(B) 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
(C) 3-phosphoglycerate
(D) ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate
Q.77 Determine the correctness or otherwise of the following Assertion [a] and the
Reason [r].
Assertion [a]: Endospore can survive heat that would rapidly kill vegetative cells of
the same species.
Reason [r]: In endospore, the protoplasm is reduced to minimum volume as a result
of the accumulation of calcium-dipicolinic acid complexes and small acid-soluble
spore proteins, which forms a cytoplasmic gel and a thick cortex.
(A) Both [a] and [r] are true and [r] is the correct reason for [a]
(B) Both [a] and [r] are true and [r] is not the correct reason for [a]
(C) Both [a] and [r] are false
(D) [a] is true but [r] is false
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.78 Which one of the following conjugations will result in formation of merodiploids?
(A) -
F+ donor × F recipient
(B) -
Hfr donor × F recipient
(C) -
F' donor × F recipient
(D) F+ donor × Hfr recipient
Q.79 Which of the following genus is/are a spirochete(s)?
(A) Borrelia
(B) Leptospira
(C) Spirulina
(D) Treponema
Q.80 Which of the following is/are non-membrane bound inclusion bodies?
(A) Carboxysomes
(B) Cyanophycin granules
(C) Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate granules
(D) Polyphosphate granules
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.81 Which of the following antibiotics is/are isolated from Streptomyces spp.?
(A) Gentamicin
(B) Nystatin
(C) Polymyxins
(D) Tetracyclines
Q.82 Which of the following statements about the primary and secondary adaptive
immune responses to an antigen is/are correct?
(A) IgM antibodies appear first in response to the initial exposure of the antigen.
(B) Majority of the antibodies produced in response to the second exposure of the same
antigen are IgM isotype.
(C) Second exposure of the same antigen stimulates production of memory cells.
(D) Primary antibody response has shorter lag phase than secondary antibody response.
Q.83 The spontaneous, and induced mutations in bacteria can be distinguished by
(A) fluctuation test
(B) replica plating
(C) disc diffusion test
(D) use-dilution test
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.84 During the exponential growth, it took 6 hours for the population of bacterial cells
to increase from 2.5 × 106 to 5 × 108 . The generation time of the bacterium,
rounded off to the nearest integer, is ________ minutes.
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Life Sciences (XL)
Zoology (XL-T)
XL-T: Q.85 – Q.92 Carry ONE mark Each
Q.85 Which one of the following animals has “Book Lungs” as a respiratory organ?
(A) Earthworm
(B) Scorpion
(C) Octopus
(D) Starfish
Q.86 Which one of the following describes the “innate behavior” of an animal?
(A) A behavior that is triggered due to the change in environment.
(B) A behavior that is trained by the parents.
(C) A behavior that is determined by heredity.
(D) A behavior that is learnt by “hit and trial” approach.
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.87 Which one of the following represents a true “Ecological population” ?
(A) A pitcher plant and a trapped fly in it
(B) All animals that live near each other in a national park
(C) The leeches and the flatworms that live in a forest
(D) All the lions in a reserve forest
Q.88 Which of the following animals show “Bottle cells” during the gastrulation stage
of development?
(A) Snails
(B) Amphibians
(C) Birds
(D) Mammals
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.89 The organisms that obtain energy from inorganic compounds are known as
(A) Autotrophs
(B) Organotrophs
(C) Lithotrophs
(D) Phototrophs
Q.90 Which of the following is/are the causative agent(s) of Filariasis?
(A) Wuchereria bancrofti
(B) Leishmania donovani
(C) Brugia malayi
(D) Trypanosoma gambiense
Q.91 In a population of 1000 wild dogs in a grassland, 360 and 480 dogs had black
body colour with genotypes BB and Bb, respectively. In the same population,
remaining dogs were white in colour with a genotype of bb. Based on this data,
the frequency of allele “b” in the population is ______ (round off to one decimal
place).
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.92 A mature rat sperm cell has 2.5 µg of genomic DNA that is equivalent of a
haploid genome. Compared to this sperm cell, the amount of genomic DNA
(in µg) in a somatic cell, which is in the G2 phase of cell cycle, will
be _____ (in integer).
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Life Sciences (XL)
XL-T: Q.93 – Q.103 Carry TWO marks Each
Q.93 In an experiment, excess amount of bicod mRNA (more than wild-type expression
level) was injected into the posterior pole of a wild-type Drosophila embryo at
pre-blastodermal stage. Out of the following options, which one represents the
best expected phenotype in the resulted developing embryo?
(A) Normal embryo with head structure at anterior and tail structure at posterior pole
(B) Head structure only at posterior pole of the embryo
(C) Tail structure at anterior and head structure at posterior poles of the embryo
(D) Head structure at both anterior and posterior poles of the embryo
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.94 Match the hormones/precursors listed in Column I with their chemical type in
Column II and the tissue of origin listed in Column III
Column I Column II Column III
P. Glucagon (i) Tryptophan derivative a. Anterior pituitary
Q. Pregnenolone (ii) Peptide b. Pineal
R. FSH (iii) Steroid c. Adrenal
S. Melatonin (iv) Glycoprotein d. Pancreas
(A) P – (ii) – d ; Q – (iii) – c ; R – (iv) – a ; S – (i) – b
(B) P – (ii) – d ; Q – (iv) – a ; R – (i) – c ; S – (iii) – b
(C) P – (i) – c ; Q – (ii) – b ; R – (iv) – d ; S – (iii) – a
(D) P – (iv) – a ; Q – (i) – d ; R – (ii) – b ; S – (iii) – c
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.95 Match the syndromes listed in Column I with the cause/symptoms listed in
Column II
Column I Column II
P. Prader-Willi syndrome (i) a collection of signs and symptoms due to
prolonged exposure to corticosteroids like
cortisol
Q. Down syndrome (ii) a syndrome of inadequate reabsorption in the
proximal renal tubule of the kidney
R. Cushing syndrome (iii) a genetic disorder usually caused by the
deletion of a part of chromosome 15
S. Turner syndrome (iv) a genetic disorder caused by the presence of
all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21
T. Fanconi syndrome (v) a genetic condition in which a female has
partially or completely missing
an X chromosome
(A) P – (ii) ; Q – (v) ; R – (iv) ; S – (iii) ; T – (i)
(B) P – (iv) ; Q – (iii) ; R – (i) ; S – (ii) ; T – (v)
(C) P – (iii) ; Q – (iv) ; R – (i) ; S – (v) ; T – (ii)
(D) P – (v) ; Q – (iv) ; R – (ii) ; S – (i) ; T – (iii)
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.96 Match the immunological statements in Column I with the appropriate
descriptions from Column II
Column I Column II
P. Active acquired immunity (i) Complement proteins and interferons
Q. First line of defense (ii) Direct contact with pathogens that
enter the body
R. Passive natural immunity (iii) Surface barriers
S. Second line of defense (iv) Antibodies pass through placenta
(A) P – (ii) ; Q – (iii) ; R – (iv) ; S – (i)
(B) P – (iv) ; Q – (iii) ; R – (i) ; S – (ii)
(C) P – (iv) ; Q – (ii) ; R – (iii) ; S – (i)
(D) P – (i) ; Q – (iv) ; R – (iii) ; S – (ii)
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.97 Match the standard/stated cofactors in Column I with their respective enzymes in
Column II
Column I Column II
P. Cu2+ (i) Dinitrogenase
Q. Se (ii) Cytochrome oxidase
R. Ni2+ (iii) Pyruvate kinase
S. K+ (iv) Glutathione peroxidase
T. Mo (v) Urease
(A) P – (v) ; Q – (ii) ; R – (iv) ; S – (i) ; T– (iii)
(B) P – (ii) ; Q – (iv) ; R – (v) ; S – (iii) ; T – (i)
(C) P – (iv) ; Q – (ii) ; R – (iii) ; S – (i) ; T – (v)
(D) P – (ii) ; Q – (i) ; R – (iii) ; S – (iv) ; T – (v)
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.98 The presence of excess glucose has been known to prevent the induction of
lac operon as well as other operon controlling enzymes involved in carbohydrate
metabolism in E. coli. Which of the following processes define(s) the
phenomenon?
(A) Catabolite repression
(B) Attenuation
(C) Glucose effect
(D) Feedback inhibition
Q.99 Which of the following techniques is/are used for determining the
three-dimensional structure of proteins?
(A) Cryo-electron Microscopy
(B) Circular Dichroism
(C) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
(D) X-ray Diffraction
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.100 Among the following statements, which is/are TRUE regarding the replication of
DNA?
(A) Replication is bidirectional and conservative in nature.
(B) Replication in eukaryotes takes place at multiple Ori sites simultaneously.
(C) Both the strands replicate in discontinuous manner.
(D) One strand replicates in continuous while the other replicates in discontinuous
manner.
Q.101 Which of the following statements is/are TRUE for Colchicine?
(A) It binds to tubulin molecule and disrupts the assembly/polymerization of
microtubule.
(B) It inhibits crossover of chromosomes during meiosis.
(C) It inhibits chromosome condensation during Prophase.
(D) It blocks mitotic cells in Metaphase.
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.102 Wild-type Drosophila females having three linked genes (AABBCC) were crossed
with triple recessive mutant (aabbcc) males. The F1 female progenies (AaBbCc)
were back crossed with the triple negative mutant (aabbcc) males. The cross
resulted in following number of progenies in F2 :
AaBbCc 241
Aabbcc 112
aaBbCc 103
aabbcc 252
aaBbcc 17
aabbCc 134
AabbCc 14
AaBbcc 127
-------------
1000
The order of genes as determined from the above data was found to be “ABC”
(note that the order is equivalent to “CBA” and the order outside the markers are
arbitrary).
The recombination map distance (in centi Morgan) between “A to C”
is ______ (round off to one decimal place).
Q.103 The length of a double helical DNA molecule is 13.6 km. If the DNA double helix
weighs 1 × 10−18 g per 1000 nucleotide pairs and rise per base pair is 3.4 Å, then
weight of the double helical DNA molecule (in nanogram) will
be ______ (in integer).
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Life Sciences (XL)
Food Technology (XL-U)
XL-U: Q.104 – Q.111 Carry ONE mark Each
Q.104 Choose the correct group of fat soluble vitamins
(A) Cholecalciferol, α-Tocopherol, Menadione
(B) Thiamine, Cholecalciferol, α-Tocopherol
(C) Niacin, α-Tocopherol, Menadione
(D) Biotin, Thiamin, Niacin
Q.105 The synthesis of thyroxine T4 in human body requires
(A) Selenium
(B) Iodine
(C) Iron
(D) Zinc
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.106 Which among the followings is NOT an essential amino acid?
(A) L-Phenylalanine
(B) L-Valine
(C) L-Lysine
(D) L-Arginine
Q.107 The time required for stipulated destruction of a microbial population at a given
temperature is
(A) D-value
(B) F-value
(C) z-value
(D) Q10 value
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.108 Which among the following statements is NOT correct?
(A) Cod fish is a major source of ω-3 fatty acids.
(B) Beetroot is a good source of β-carotene.
(C) Apple is a good source of vitamin B12.
(D) Fresh sugarcane juice is a good source of polyphenol oxidase.
Q.109 Calculate the efficiency in percent (rounded off to 1 decimal place) of an oil expeller
which yields 37 kg oil containing 5% solid impurities from 100 kg mustard seeds.
The oil content of the mustard seed is 38%.
Q.110 Orange juice is packaged aseptically and stored under ambient conditions. The
degradation of vitamin C in the juice occurs during storage and it follows first order
reaction kinetics. The degradation rate constant is 5.2×10-3 day-1. The half-life of
vitamin C in days is ____________ (in integer).
Q.111 The weight of 10 kg dried cauliflower containing 5% moisture (wet basis) after
rehydration is 60 kg. If the fresh cauliflower contained 87% moisture (wet basis),
calculate the coefficient of rehydration (rounded off to 2 decimal places).
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Life Sciences (XL)
XL-U: Q.112 – Q.122 Carry TWO marks Each
Q.112 Some of the industrial products are produced by fermentation processes. Identify
the correct pair of product and fermentative microorganism.
(A) Vinegar - Acetobacter aceti
(B) Citric acid - Enterbacter aerogenes
(C) Ethanol - Saccharomyces cerevisiae
(D) L-Lysine - Aspergillus niger
Q.113 Choose the correct statement(s) about the enzyme and its application in food
processing reaction.
(A) Chymosin is widely used in cheese manufacturing.
(B) Thermolysin is used in the synthesis of Aspartame.
(C) β-Galactosidase catalyzes the hydrolysis of galactose.
(D) Lipase is used for restructuring of acyl glycerol.
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.114 Identify the Gram +ve bacteria responsible for causing food borne diseases among
the followings
(A) Campylobacter jejuni
(B) Clostridium botulinum
(C) Vibrio cholerae
(D) Salmonella typhi
Q.115 Extrusion cooking is accomplished in four different stages, which are indicated as
I, II, III and IV in the figure given below. Choose the correct option representing
the name of each stage.
Temperature/Pressure
III
II IV
I
Extrusion cooking stages
(A) I – Feeding, II – Cooking, III – Kneading, IV – Expansion
(B) I – Kneading, II – Feeding, III – Cooking, IV – Expansion
(C) I – Feeding, II – Kneading, III – Cooking, IV – Expansion
(D) I – Cooking, II – Kneading, III – Feeding, IV – Expansion
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.116 Match the method/ value used for measuring lipid characteristics in Column I with
the corresponding properties indicated by them, in Column II.
Column I Column II
P. Thiobarbituric acid test 1. Induction time
Q. Rancimat method 2. Degree of unsaturation
R. Peroxide value 3. Carbonyl content
S. Iodine value 4. Hydroperoxide content
(A) P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2
(B) P-1, Q-3, R-4, S-2
(C) P-3, Q-1, R-2, S-4
(D) P-3, Q-4, R-1, S-2
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.117 Match the peeling technique in Column I with the vegetable, for which it is used in
industry, given in Column II.
Column I Column II
P. Knife peeling 1. Brinjal
Q. Abrasion peeling 2. Tomato
R. Flame peeling 3. Potato
S. Flash peeling 4. Cucumber
(A) P-3, Q-4, R-1, S-2
(B) P-4, Q-1, R-3, S-2
(C) P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-1
(D) P-4, Q-3, R-1, S-2
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.118 Match the process in Column I with the related food component in Column II.
Column I Column II
P. Caramelization 1. Lipid
Q. Denaturation 2. Sugar
R. Oxidation 3. Pigment
S. Bleaching 4. Enzyme
(A) P-2, Q-4, R-1, S-3
(B) P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-3
(C) P-1, Q-3, R-2, S-4
(D) P-2, Q-1, R-3, S-4
Q.119 Identify the correct statement(s) related to grain polysaccharides among the
followings.
(A) Dextrin are a group of low molecular weight polysaccharides produced by dry
hydrolysis of starch.
Amylose is a linear polymer of D-glucose units joined by α (1→6) glycoside
(B)
linkages.
(C) Amylopectin is a branched chain polymer of D-galactose monomer units.
Retrogradation is a process of reassociation of amylose and formation of crystalline
(D)
structure by gelatinized starch upon cooling.
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Life Sciences (XL)
Q.120 A sample of glucose isomerase enzyme converts 15 µmoles of substrate glucose
into product fructose min-1 mL-1 under standard assay conditions. The enzyme
activity of the glucose isomerase in International Unit (IU) is _______ (in integer).
Q.121 If D10 for Salmonella in egg yolk is 0.75 kGy, calculate the radiation dose in kGy
(rounded off to 2 decimal places) required for reducing the Salmonella count in egg
yolk by 8 log cycles.
Q.122 The average moisture binding energy of a textured protein product (TPP) at 8%
moisture content (dry basis) is 3200 cal.mol-1. If the water activity of the TPP at the
above moisture content is 0.30 at 30 ℃, the water activity of the sample at 45 ℃ is
__________ (rounded off to 2 decimal places). The value of Gas constant
R = 1.987 cal.mol-1.K-1.
END OF QUESTION PAPER
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GATE 2023 Life Sciences (XL)
Question Type (QT)
Q. No. Session Subject Name (SN) Key/Range (KY) Mark (MK)
MCQ/MSQ/NAT
1 5 MCQ GA D 1
2 5 MCQ GA C 1
3 5 MCQ GA D 1
4 5 MCQ GA C 1
5 5 MCQ GA B 1
6 5 MCQ GA MTA 2
7 5 MCQ GA A 2
8 5 MCQ GA D 2
9 5 MCQ GA A 2
10 5 MCQ GA D 2
11 5 MCQ XL-P A 1
12 5 MCQ XL-P C 1
13 5 MCQ XL-P B 1
14 5 MSQ XL-P B, D 1
15 5 MSQ XL-P B, D 1
16 5 MSQ XL-P A, B 1
17 5 NAT XL-P 0.66 to 0.68 1
18 5 NAT XL-P 1 to 1 1
19 5 NAT XL-P 0.16 to 0.18 1
20 5 MCQ XL-P A 2
21 5 MCQ XL-P D 2
22 5 MCQ XL-P A 2
23 5 MSQ XL-P A, C 2
24 5 MSQ XL-P A, B 2
25 5 MSQ XL-P B, C 2
26 5 NAT XL-P 1 to 1 2
27 5 NAT XL-P 1.58 to 1.66 2
28 5 MCQ XL-Q A 1
29 5 MCQ XL-Q A 1
30 5 MCQ XL-Q D 1
31 5 MSQ XL-Q A, D 1
32 5 MSQ XL-Q B, D 1
33 5 NAT XL-Q 48 to 48 1
34 5 NAT XL-Q 100 to 100 1
35 5 NAT XL-Q 170 to 170 1
36 5 MCQ XL-Q C 2
37 5 MCQ XL-Q D 2
38 5 MCQ XL-Q B 2
39 5 MCQ XL-Q C 2
40 5 MCQ XL-Q C 2
41 5 MSQ XL-Q A, B, D 2
42 5 MSQ XL-Q B, C, D 2
43 5 MSQ XL-Q A, C, D 2
44 5 NAT XL-Q 4.29 to 4.31 2
45 5 NAT XL-Q 1.74 to 1.76 2
Text of page 2
46 5 NAT XL-Q 57.80 to 58.80 2 47 5 MCQ XL-R C 1 48 5 MCQ XL-R D 1 49 5 MCQ XL-R D 1 50 5 MCQ XL-R A 1 51 5 MSQ XL-R A,B,D 1 52 5 MSQ XL-R B,C 1 53 5 MSQ XL-R C,D 1 54 5 NAT XL-R 12 to 12 1 55 5 MCQ XL-R B 2 56 5 MCQ XL-R B 2 57 5 MCQ XL-R A 2 58 5 MCQ XL-R A 2 59 5 MCQ XL-R C 2 60 5 MCQ XL-R A 2 61 5 MSQ XL-R A,D 2 62 5 MSQ XL-R B,D 2 63 5 NAT XL-R 0.56 to 0.56 2 64 5 NAT XL-R 50 to 50 2 65 5 NAT XL-R 0.5 to 0.6 2 66 5 MCQ XL-S A 1 67 5 MCQ XL-S B 1 68 5 MCQ XL-S D 1 69 5 MCQ XL-S A 1 70 5 MCQ XL-S C 1 71 5 MCQ XL-S B 1 72 5 MCQ XL-S A 1 73 5 MCQ XL-S D 1 74 5 MCQ XL-S A 2 75 5 MCQ XL-S A 2 76 5 MCQ XL-S C 2 77 5 MCQ XL-S A 2 78 5 MCQ XL-S C 2 79 5 MSQ XL-S A, B, D 2 80 5 MSQ XL-S B, D 2 81 5 MSQ XL-S B, D 2 82 5 MSQ XL-S A, C 2 83 5 MSQ XL-S A, B 2 84 5 NAT XL-S 46 to 48 2 85 5 MCQ XL-T B 1 86 5 MCQ XL-T C 1 87 5 MCQ XL-T D 1 88 5 MCQ XL-T B 1 89 5 MCQ XL-T C 1 90 5 MSQ XL-T A, C 1 91 5 NAT XL-T 0.4 to 0.4 1 92 5 NAT XL-T 10 to 10 1 93 5 MCQ XL-T D 2 94 5 MCQ XL-T A 2 95 5 MCQ XL-T C 2
Text of page 3
96 5 MCQ XL-T A 2
97 5 MCQ XL-T B 2
98 5 MSQ XL-T A, C 2
99 5 MSQ XL-T A, C, D 2
100 5 MSQ XL-T B, D 2
101 5 MSQ XL-T A, D 2
102 5 NAT XL-T 53.8 to 53.8 2
103 5 NAT XL-T 40 to 40 2
104 5 MCQ XL-U A 1
105 5 MCQ XL-U B 1
106 5 MCQ XL-U D 1
107 5 MCQ XL-U B 1
108 5 MCQ XL-U C 1
109 5 NAT XL-U 92.0 to 93.0 1
110 5 NAT XL-U 132 to 134 1
111 5 NAT XL-U 0.75 to 0.90 1
112 5 MCQ XL-U MTA 2
113 5 MCQ XL-U MTA 2
114 5 MCQ XL-U B 2
115 5 MCQ XL-U C 2
116 5 MCQ XL-U A 2
117 5 MCQ XL-U D 2
118 5 MCQ XL-U A 2
119 5 MSQ XL-U A, D 2
120 5 NAT XL-U 15 to 15 2
121 5 NAT XL-U 13.00 to 14.50 2
122 5 NAT XL-U 0.32 to 0.41 2
MTA = Marks to All
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Source: GATE. Question paper published by GATE.