Statement - Conclusions Questions and Answers

Q: All students in my class are bright. Manish is not bright.

Correct answer: Manish is not a student of my class.Everyone in the class is bright, and Manish is not bright - so he cannot be in the class. That is the contrapositive, and it follows with certainty. The other options either contradict the first statement or reverse it.

Q: During the Puja days', people visit those houses where 'puja' is performed. They make it a point to go even if they are not invited. Manmohan visited the house of Keshav, his office colleague, during 'puja days'.

Correct answer: In Keshav's house, 'puja' was performed.People go, during those days, to the houses where puja is performed, and Manmohan went to Keshav’s house - so puja was being performed there. An invitation cannot be inferred: the statement says expressly that people go even when they are not invited.

Q: All guilty politicians were arrested. Kishan and Chander were among those arrested.

Correct answer: Kishan and Chander were guilty.Of the four, this is the only one the statements leave open. The first two are contradicted - nothing says all politicians are guilty or that everyone arrested was a politician - and the third would be an odd thing to conclude from a sentence about guilty politicians being arrested. The statements make Kishan and Chander members of the arrested group, of which the guilty politicians form part.

Q: Statement: The Education Secretary said that it was extremely necessary that professional researchers along with practical school teachers conduct the practical research. Conclusions: (a) Practical teachers know the techniques of research. (b) Professional researchers are quite aware of the problems related to the school education. (c) Educational Secretary was speaking to the school students. (d) There is a communication gap between researchers and the practical school teachers. (e) School education is quite a specialized field and so long as the teacher is not trained, the standard of education cannot be qualitatively better.

Correct answer: dThe Secretary’s insistence that researchers and practising teachers work together only makes sense if the two are not already in touch - so (d), a communication gap between them, is what the statement implies without adding anything. The others bring in what is not given: what either group knows, who he was addressing, or the state of teacher training.

Q: Statement: Vehicular source contributes 60% to the total pollution level of Delhi, as informed in the Rajya Sabha today. Conclusions: (a) The court has ordered that the main source of pollution should be identified. (b) The problem of pollution is high in the work list. (c) In the other cities also, vehicular source contributes around the same percentage level of pollution. (d) This matter was raised first in the Lok Sabha. (e) Not many towns in India face the problem of pollution.

Correct answer: bThe figure was given in the Rajya Sabha, which shows that pollution is being taken up in Parliament - so (b), that the problem stands high on the agenda, follows without further supposition. The others add what is not stated: a court order, the position in other cities, where the matter was first raised, or how widespread pollution is.

Q: Statement: PVC shoe producers union has welcomed the announcement of relief on production surcharge from Rs. 50 per pair to Rs 75 per pair. Conclusions: (a) All PVC shoe producers are members of this union. (b) Relief on production surcharge of Rs 50 on every pair to shoes, had been given only recently. (c) Union had demanded an increase in relief. (d) Govt. will collect more production surcharge. (e) Other producers will also demand relief on production surcharge.

Correct answer: cA union welcomes what it has been pressing for, so (c) - that it had asked for more relief - follows from its welcoming the increase. The others need extra assumptions: about who belongs to the union, when the earlier relief was given, what the government will collect, or what other producers will do.

Q: Statement: There are chances of hike in the electricity tariff soon. This proposal will bring about a sharp increase for the industrial consumers and marginal increase for the domestic consumers. Conclusions: (a) At present there is a disparity in the electricity tariff between the domestic and the industrial consumers. (b) Industrial consumers consume more electricity than the domestic users. (c) Consumption of electricity by the industrial consumer is comparatively lower than the domestic user. (d) After this hike, the electricity board will start making profit. (e) If this proposal is accepted, then industrial output will get positively affected.

Correct answer: bA tariff rise that falls sharply on industry and only marginally on households implies that industry is the heavier user, on whom the increase will bite - so (b) follows. Option (c) says the opposite; the rest bring in disparity, profits or industrial output, none of which the statement mentions.

Important Instructions

Direction for [ Question No: 151 To 156 ] :

In each of the following questions, a statement/group of statements is given followed by some conclusions. Without resolving anything yourself choose the conclusion which logically follows from the given statements.

151.

The data given by the U.S. Labour Ministry indicate that till the year 2000, there will be a shortage of 1,00,000 programmers. A spokesman from the industry said, "We should understand this thoroughly America needs Indian programmers. This is not only the question of investment but also of the talent with which the Indian programmers are equipped".

A.In other sectors also, there will be shortage of the talented labour till the year 2000.
B.Indian programmers are the most talented in the world
C.Indian programmers are available on comparatively less salary in comparison to the programmers from other countries
D.In spite of entering with huge capital in the Software Training, U.S. could not be able to meet its own needs fully.

Answer: D

Correct answer: In spite of entering with huge capital in the Software Training, U.S. could not be able to meet its own needs fully.

A projected shortage of a hundred thousand programmers, and an industry spokesman saying outright that America needs Indian programmers, together show that the country’s own training has not met its requirement. The others go beyond what is said: nothing about other sectors, about Indian programmers being the world’s best, or about their salaries.

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152.

All the books, written by Prabhakar, are textbooks. Some of his books are published by ABC Publishing Company.

A.ABC Publishing Company publishes textbooks only.
B.Some textbooks written by Prabhakar are published by publishers other than ABC Publishing Company.
C.ABC Publishing Company publishes some critical essays written by Prabhakar.
D.All the books published by ABC Publishing Company have been written by Prabhakar.

Answer: B

Correct answer: Some textbooks written by Prabhakar are published by publishers.

Every book Prabhakar writes is a textbook, and some of his books are published by ABC - so some of his textbooks are published. That much follows. Nothing tells us what else ABC publishes, or that everything on its list is his.

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153.

All students in my class are bright. Manish is not bright.

A.Some students are not bright.
B.Manish must work hard.
C.Non-bright ones are not students.
D.Manish is not a student of my class.

Answer: D

Correct answer: Manish is not a student of my class.

Everyone in the class is bright, and Manish is not bright - so he cannot be in the class. That is the contrapositive, and it follows with certainty. The other options either contradict the first statement or reverse it.

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154.

During the Puja days', people visit those houses where 'puja' is performed. They make it a point to go even if they are not invited. Manmohan visited the house of Keshav, his office colleague, during 'puja days'.

A.Keshav had invited Manmohan for some other function.
B.Manmohan, being a religious man, went to Keshav's house uninvited.
C.In Keshav's house, 'puja' was performed.
D.Manmohan was invited by Keshav.

Answer: D

Correct answer: In Keshav's house, 'puja' was performed.

People go, during those days, to the houses where puja is performed, and Manmohan went to Keshav’s house - so puja was being performed there. An invitation cannot be inferred: the statement says expressly that people go even when they are not invited.

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155.

All guilty politicians were arrested. Kishan and Chander were among those arrested.

A.All politicians are guilty.
B.All arrested people are politicians.
C.Kishan and Chander were not politicians.
D.Kishan and Chander were guilty.

Answer: D

Correct answer: Kishan and Chander were guilty.

Of the four, this is the only one the statements leave open. The first two are contradicted - nothing says all politicians are guilty or that everyone arrested was a politician - and the third would be an odd thing to conclude from a sentence about guilty politicians being arrested. The statements make Kishan and Chander members of the arrested group, of which the guilty politicians form part.

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156.

In the university examination, most of the candidates write in Hindi medium.

A.Some candidates of this examination write in Hindi.
B.Mostly candidates with Hindi medium appear in this examination.
C.In this examination no candidate writes answers in medium other than Hindi,
D.All the candidates who appear in this examination write answers in Hindi.

Answer: B

Correct answer: Mostly candidates with Hindi medium appear in this examination

If most of the candidates write their papers in Hindi, then most of those sitting the examination are Hindi-medium candidates. The others overstate or understate: nothing says no candidate uses another medium, nor that all write in Hindi.

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Direction for [ Question No: 157 To 160 ] :

In the question given below one or more statement is/are followed by inferential conclusions. The conclusion which can be derived without supposing anything else. i.e. without adding anything extra to the statement (s) is your answer

157.

Statement: The Education Secretary said that it was extremely necessary that professional researchers along with practical school teachers conduct the practical research.

Conclusions:

(a) Practical teachers know the techniques of research.

(b) Professional researchers are quite aware of the problems related to the school education.

(d) There is a communication gap between researchers and the practical school teachers.

(e) School education is quite a specialized field and so long as the teacher is not trained, the standard of education cannot be qualitatively better.

Answer: D

Correct answer: d

The Secretary’s insistence that researchers and practising teachers work together only makes sense if the two are not already in touch - so (d), a communication gap between them, is what the statement implies without adding anything. The others bring in what is not given: what either group knows, who he was addressing, or the state of teacher training.

Discuss in Forum

158.

Statement: Vehicular source contributes 60% to the total pollution level of Delhi, as informed in the Rajya Sabha today.

Conclusions:

(a) The court has ordered that the main source of pollution should be identified.

(b) The problem of pollution is high in the work list.

(d) This matter was raised first in the Lok Sabha.

(e) Not many towns in India face the problem of pollution.

Answer: B

Correct answer: b

The figure was given in the Rajya Sabha, which shows that pollution is being taken up in Parliament - so (b), that the problem stands high on the agenda, follows without further supposition. The others add what is not stated: a court order, the position in other cities, where the matter was first raised, or how widespread pollution is.

Discuss in Forum

159.

Statement: PVC shoe producers union has welcomed the announcement of relief on production surcharge from Rs. 50 per pair to Rs 75 per pair.

Conclusions:

(a) All PVC shoe producers are members of this union.

(b) Relief on production surcharge of Rs 50 on every pair to shoes, had been given only recently.

(d) Govt. will collect more production surcharge.

(e) Other producers will also demand relief on production surcharge.

Answer: C

Correct answer: c

A union welcomes what it has been pressing for, so (c) - that it had asked for more relief - follows from its welcoming the increase. The others need extra assumptions: about who belongs to the union, when the earlier relief was given, what the government will collect, or what other producers will do.

Discuss in Forum

160.

Statement: There are chances of hike in the electricity tariff soon. This proposal will bring about a sharp increase for the industrial consumers and marginal increase for the domestic consumers.

Conclusions:

(a) At present there is a disparity in the electricity tariff between the domestic and the industrial consumers.

(b) Industrial consumers consume more electricity than the domestic users.

(d) After this hike, the electricity board will start making profit.

(e) If this proposal is accepted, then industrial output will get positively affected.

Answer: B

Correct answer: b

A tariff rise that falls sharply on industry and only marginally on households implies that industry is the heavier user, on whom the increase will bite - so (b) follows. Option (c) says the opposite; the rest bring in disparity, profits or industrial output, none of which the statement mentions.

Discuss in Forum

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Statement - Conclusions Questions and Answers

Important Instructions

Direction for [ Question No: 151 To 156 ] :

Direction for [ Question No: 157 To 160 ] :

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