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Climate Change and Global Warming Questions and Answers

81.

The greenhouse effect is mainly caused by which gas ?

Exam Year(s)

Tripura Public Service Commission - 2026,

Answer: B

The greenhouse effect is mainly caused by carbon dioxide.

Greenhouse gases let sunlight through but absorb the infrared radiation the Earth gives off, trapping heat. Carbon dioxide, released mainly by burning fossil fuels and by deforestation, is the main gas behind the human-caused increase in the effect.

Nitrogen and oxygen make up about 99% of the air but do not absorb infrared radiation, and argon is an inert gas that does not either.

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82.

Which of the following is/are not associated with the reduction of Greenhouse gases ?

(i) Kigali Amendment to Montreal Protocol
(ii) Stockholm convention
(iii) Kyoto Protocol

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Exam Year(s)

Tripura Public Service Commission - 2019,

Answer: A

Only the Stockholm convention is not about greenhouse gases, so the answer is (ii) only.

The Stockholm Convention (2001) deals with persistent organic pollutants, toxic chemicals such as DDT, PCBs and dioxins, not with climate change.

The other two are greenhouse-gas agreements. The Kigali Amendment (2016) to the Montreal Protocol phases down hydrofluorocarbons, which are powerful greenhouse gases, and the Kyoto Protocol (1997) set binding emission targets for developed countries. So any option naming (i) or (iii) is wrong.

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83.

In your opinion which of the following is due to ozone hole ?

Exam Year(s)

Tripura Public Service Commission - 2019,

Answer: A

The ozone hole leads to increased UV radiation.

The ozone layer in the stratosphere absorbs most of the sun's harmful ultraviolet-B radiation. Where it thins, as over Antarctica each spring, more UV reaches the ground, raising the risk of skin cancer, cataracts and damage to crops and marine plankton.

Acid rain comes from sulphur and nitrogen oxides, and global warming and the greenhouse effect come from greenhouse gases trapping heat. Ozone depletion and global warming are often confused, but they are different problems with different main causes.

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84.

The pledge taken by large number of nations including India at the Paris climate summit held in the year 2016 is to keep planetary warming by the year 2100 below :

Exam Year(s)

Tripura Public Service Commission - 2021,

Answer: B

The pledge is to keep warming below 2°C.

The Paris Agreement, adopted at COP21 in December 2015 and signed by India and other countries in 2016, commits nations to hold the rise in global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, and to pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5°C.

3.5°C and 5°C are the kind of warming expected without strong action, not the target, and 2.1°C is not a figure in the agreement.

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85.

Which of the following is a Greenhouse gas ?

Exam Year(s)

Tripura Public Service Commission - 2019,

Answer: D

The greenhouse gas is Methane.

Greenhouse gases absorb the heat (infrared radiation) given off by the Earth's surface and warm the atmosphere. Methane, released from paddy fields, cattle, wetlands and landfills, is one of the most important, far more powerful per molecule than carbon dioxide.

Nitrogen and oxygen, which make up most of the air, and helium do not absorb infrared radiation in this way, so they are not greenhouse gases.

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86.

Human activities add 7-9 gigatons of CO\(_{2}\) per annum into the atmosphere. Major contributor to this CO\(_{2}\) is

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

Burning of fossil fuels is the major contributor to the 7-9 gigatons of CO2 that human activities add to the atmosphere each year. Coal, oil and gas combustion for power, transport and industry accounts for the large majority of the anthropogenic emissions. Clearing forests for agriculture is the second-largest source, but it is much smaller. Fermentation and cement manufacture also release CO2, but in small amounts compared with fossil fuel burning.

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87.

Which of the following does not have a direct role in climate change ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

Nitric oxide is the one that has no direct role in climate change. It is a reactive gas that affects ozone and the hydroxyl radical, so its effects are indirect and short lived. Sulphate and nitrate aerosols scatter sunlight and have a direct cooling effect, black carbon aerosols absorb sunlight and warm the atmosphere, and surface ozone is a greenhouse gas that absorbs infrared radiation, so each of those three has a direct role.

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88.

Which of the following categories of plants get benefitted more due to elevation of \(\mathrm{CO_{2}}\) level ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

C3 plants benefit more from elevated carbon dioxide. Their carbon fixing enzyme, Rubisco, is not saturated at present CO2 levels and also reacts with oxygen in photorespiration, which more carbon dioxide suppresses, so photosynthesis and growth increase. C4 plants already concentrate CO2 around Rubisco in the bundle sheath and CAM plants fix CO2 at night, so their response is small. This is why 'all of the above' is not the answer.

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89.

What is the proportion of the frequency of occurrence of La Nina compared to El Nino ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

The keyed answer is Half, option A: La Nina occurs about half as often as El Nino. The two are the opposite phases of the El Nino Southern Oscillation, and El Nino, the warm phase, is the more frequent of the two in the records, so the La Nina is the less frequent.

Twice (option C) reverses the proportion. One-third (option B) and two-third (option D) are other fractions that the key does not accept. I could not find a published source that gives the exact ratio, so the answer follows the official key.

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90.

The contribution of CO2 towards global warming has been estimated to be about

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

The keyed answer is 57 to 60 percent, option A. Carbon dioxide is the largest single contributor to the enhanced greenhouse effect, and the key puts its share at about 57 to 60 percent of the total warming.

The ranges 60 to 75 percent (option B) and 80 to 85 percent (option C) overstate the share, since methane, nitrous oxide, the halocarbons and ozone together make up a substantial part. The range 45 to 55 percent (option D) understates it. The estimates vary between studies, and the answer follows the official key.

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