Computer Fundamentals Questions and Answers

Q: In which addressing mode the contents of a register specified in the instruction are first decremented, and then these contents are used as the effective address of the operands?

Correct answer: auto decrementIn auto-decrement addressing the register named in the instruction is first stepped back and only then used as the effective address. The order matters: decrement-then-use is what makes it the natural complement of auto-increment for pushing onto a stack that grows downwards.

Q: How many bits make up one nibble ?

Correct answer: 4A nibble is half a byte, or 4 bits. It is a convenient unit because one nibble represents exactly one hexadecimal digit, so a byte is written as two hex characters.

Q: What is the full form of CD-ROM?

Correct answer: Compact Disk Read Only MemoryCD-ROM stands for Compact Disk Read Only Memory - the audio compact disc adapted to hold data, about 650–700 MB of it, pressed as pits in a reflective layer and read by laser. The contents are fixed at manufacture, which is what read-only means here.

Q: What is The capacity of 3.5 inch floppy disk?

Correct answer: 1.44 MBThe 3.5-inch high-density diskette holds 1.44 MB: 80 tracks a side, two sides, 18 sectors per track and 512 bytes per sector, giving \[ 80 \times 2 \times 18 \times 512 = 1{,}474{,}560 \text{ bytes} \] which is 1440 KB, quoted as 1.44 MB.

Q: Which was the first computer which was introduced in Nepal?

Correct answer: IBM 1401Nepal’s first computer was an IBM 1401, brought in by the Central Bureau of Statistics in 1971 to process the national census. The 1401 was IBM’s widely sold transistorised business machine of the early 1960s.

Q: What are the basic operations which are performed by a computer?

Correct answer: All the aboveA computer performs arithmetic operations in its ALU, logical operations such as comparison, and the movement and storage of data between memory and registers. Every task it carries out is built from these basic operations, so the combined option is correct.

Q: Which are the two major types of computer chips?

Correct answer: Both b and cThe two chips that define a computer are the microprocessor, which executes the instructions, and the primary memory chip, which holds the instructions and data it works on. External storage is built from disks and other media rather than from a chip of this kind.

Q: The digital computer accepts ____ data as input.

Correct answer: BinaryA digital computer works with two voltage levels only, so every input - a keystroke, a number, an image - must first be represented as a binary pattern of 0s and 1s. Text and numeric data are what the binary encodes, not a form the machine accepts directly.

Q: Which among the following has highest speed?

Correct answer: CPUThe CPU is the fastest part of the system, executing an instruction in a fraction of a nanosecond, while main memory takes tens of nanoseconds and input/output devices milliseconds. It is precisely this gap that caches, buffers and interrupts exist to bridge.

321.

In which addressing mode the contents of a register specified in the instruction are first decremented, and then these contents are used as the effective address of the operands?

A.index addressing
B.indirect addressing
C.auto increment
D.auto decrement

Answer: D

Correct answer: auto decrement

In auto-decrement addressing the register named in the instruction is first stepped back and only then used as the effective address. The order matters: decrement-then-use is what makes it the natural complement of auto-increment for pushing onto a stack that grows downwards.

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322.

Page stealing

A.is a sign of an efficient system
B.is taking page frames from other working sets
C.should be the tuning goal
D.is taking larger disk spaces for pages paged out

Answer: B

Correct answer: is taking page frames from other working sets

Page stealing is the memory manager taking a frame away from one process’s working set to satisfy another’s page fault. It is a sign that memory is over-committed, not that the system is well tuned, and it leads to thrashing if it goes far enough.

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323.

How many bits make up one nibble ?

A.2
B.4
C.8
D.16

Answer: B

Correct answer: 4

A nibble is half a byte, or 4 bits. It is a convenient unit because one nibble represents exactly one hexadecimal digit, so a byte is written as two hex characters.

Discuss in Forum

324.

What is the full form of CD-ROM?

A.Compactable Read Only Memory
B.Compact Data Read Only Memory
C.Compactable Disk Read Only Memory
D.Compact Disk Read Only Memory

Answer: D

Correct answer: Compact Disk Read Only Memory

CD-ROM stands for Compact Disk Read Only Memory - the audio compact disc adapted to hold data, about 650–700 MB of it, pressed as pits in a reflective layer and read by laser. The contents are fixed at manufacture, which is what read-only means here.

Discuss in Forum

325.

What is The capacity of 3.5 inch floppy disk?

A.1.40 MB
B.1.44 GB
C.1.40 GB
D.1.44 MB

Answer: D

Correct answer: 1.44 MB

The 3.5-inch high-density diskette holds 1.44 MB: 80 tracks a side, two sides, 18 sectors per track and 512 bytes per sector, giving \[ 80 \times 2 \times 18 \times 512 = 1{,}474{,}560 \text{ bytes} \] which is 1440 KB, quoted as 1.44 MB.

Discuss in Forum

326.

Which was the first computer which was introduced in Nepal?

A.IBM 1400
B.IBM 1401
C.IBM 1402
D.IBM1402

Answer: B

Correct answer: IBM 1401

Nepal’s first computer was an IBM 1401, brought in by the Central Bureau of Statistics in 1971 to process the national census. The 1401 was IBM’s widely sold transistorised business machine of the early 1960s.

Discuss in Forum

327.

What are the basic operations which are performed by a computer?

A.Arithmetic operation
B.Logical operation
C.Storage and relative
D.All the above

Answer: D

Correct answer: All the above

A computer performs arithmetic operations in its ALU, logical operations such as comparison, and the movement and storage of data between memory and registers. Every task it carries out is built from these basic operations, so the combined option is correct.

Discuss in Forum

328.

Which are the two major types of computer chips?

A.External memory chip
B.Primary memory chip
C.Microprocessor chip
D.Both b and c

Answer: D

Correct answer: Both b and c

The two chips that define a computer are the microprocessor, which executes the instructions, and the primary memory chip, which holds the instructions and data it works on. External storage is built from disks and other media rather than from a chip of this kind.

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329.

The digital computer accepts ____ data as input.

A.Binary
B.Count
C.Numeric
D.Text

Answer: A

Correct answer: Binary

A digital computer works with two voltage levels only, so every input - a keystroke, a number, an image - must first be represented as a binary pattern of 0s and 1s. Text and numeric data are what the binary encodes, not a form the machine accepts directly.

Discuss in Forum

330.

Which among the following has highest speed?

A.CPU
B.Main memory
C.Input/output devices
D.All have same speed

Answer: A

Correct answer: CPU

The CPU is the fastest part of the system, executing an instruction in a fraction of a nanosecond, while main memory takes tens of nanoseconds and input/output devices milliseconds. It is precisely this gap that caches, buffers and interrupts exist to bridge.

Discuss in Forum

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