Economic Activities and Regional Development Questions and Answers

Q: Which approach in agriculture geography studies commodity as a 'unified whole' ?

The approach is the commodity approach.In the commodity approach to agricultural geography, a single crop or livestock product, such as rice, wheat or dairy, is studied as a unified whole: its origin, ecological requirements, distribution, production, trade and consumption. It allows detailed comparison of one commodity across regions.The regional approach studies all of agriculture within one area, the deterministic approach explains agriculture by the physical environment, and a transdisciplinary approach combines several disciplines rather than treating one commodity as a whole.

Q: Farmers who combine the running of a smallholding with a full-time job in a nearby urban centres are called as ............

They are called five o'clock farmers.Farmers who keep a smallholding while holding a full-time job in a nearby town work their land in the evenings and at weekends, after the working day ends at about five o'clock, hence the name. They are a type of part-time farmer, common on the rural-urban fringe and in industrial regions.Tenant farmers rent land and may farm full time. Full-time farmers depend wholly on the farm, and 'freetime farmers' is not the established term.

Q: Which one of the following is a non-geographical factor influencing the location of industries ?

The non-geographical factor is Industrial Inertia.Industrial inertia is the tendency of an industry to stay where it was first established even after the original advantages have gone, because of the investment, skilled workforce and linked businesses already built up there. It arises from history and human decisions, not from physical geography.Power, labour force and market are counted among the geographical factors of location in the standard classification, along with raw materials, water and transport.

Q: What is the nomenclature for the seasonal movement of people with their animals between high land and low land areas in the Himalayan area ?

The term is trans-humance.Transhumance is the seasonal movement of herders with their animals between high mountain pastures in summer and lower valleys in winter. In the Himalayas it is practised by groups such as the Gujjars and Bakarwals of Jammu and Kashmir and the Gaddis of Himachal Pradesh.Pastoralism is the broad term for living by herding animals and need not involve seasonal vertical movement. Nomadism is wandering without a fixed home, not a regular up-and-down cycle, and ranching is commercial livestock rearing on large fenced holdings.

Q: The nature of Indian agriculture is

Indian agriculture is mainly intensive subsistence farming.Most Indian farms are small holdings worked with much labour, irrigation and fertiliser to get the highest possible yield from a small area, and much of the produce is consumed by the farm family itself. That combination, high input per hectare on small plots for family needs, is intensive subsistence farming.Shifting cultivation (jhum) is practised only in some hilly and forested areas, plantations (tea, coffee, rubber) cover a small share of farmland, and extensive commercial farming on large mechanised farms is typical of countries such as the USA, Canada and Australia, not India.

Q: Which of the following industries is called the basic industry ?

The basic industry is Iron and Steel.Iron and steel is called the basic or key industry because almost every other industry depends on it for raw material or machinery: engineering, construction, railways, ship building, automobiles and defence all use steel.Electronics, petrochemicals and engineering are important, but they themselves rely on steel for their plant and equipment, which is why steel, not they, is described as basic.

Q: Zaid Crop season in India falls between __________ months.

The keyed answer is April to June.The zaid season is the short summer season between the rabi harvest and the kharif sowing, roughly March to June. Crops such as watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber, vegetables and fodder are grown in it, usually under irrigation.June to October is the kharif (monsoon) season and November to April the rabi (winter) season. September to January is not a cropping season in the standard classification. Only April to June falls within the zaid window.

151.

Which approach in agriculture geography studies commodity as a 'unified whole' ?

A.Regional Approach
B.Commodity Approach
C.Deterministic Approach
D.Transdisciplinary Approach

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: B

The approach is the commodity approach.

In the commodity approach to agricultural geography, a single crop or livestock product, such as rice, wheat or dairy, is studied as a unified whole: its origin, ecological requirements, distribution, production, trade and consumption. It allows detailed comparison of one commodity across regions.

The regional approach studies all of agriculture within one area, the deterministic approach explains agriculture by the physical environment, and a transdisciplinary approach combines several disciplines rather than treating one commodity as a whole.

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152.

Farmers who combine the running of a smallholding with a full-time job in a nearby urban centres are called as ............

A.'5'-'o' clock farmers
B.Tenant farmers
C.Freetime farmers
D.Full time farmers

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: A

They are called five o'clock farmers.

Farmers who keep a smallholding while holding a full-time job in a nearby town work their land in the evenings and at weekends, after the working day ends at about five o'clock, hence the name. They are a type of part-time farmer, common on the rural-urban fringe and in industrial regions.

Tenant farmers rent land and may farm full time. Full-time farmers depend wholly on the farm, and 'freetime farmers' is not the established term.

Discuss in Forum

153.

Which one of the following is a non-geographical factor influencing the location of industries ?

A.Power
B.Labour force
C.Industrial Inertia
D.Market

Exam Year(s)

Tripura Public Service Commission - 2025,

Answer: C

The non-geographical factor is Industrial Inertia.

Industrial inertia is the tendency of an industry to stay where it was first established even after the original advantages have gone, because of the investment, skilled workforce and linked businesses already built up there. It arises from history and human decisions, not from physical geography.

Power, labour force and market are counted among the geographical factors of location in the standard classification, along with raw materials, water and transport.

Discuss in Forum

154.

What is the nomenclature for the seasonal movement of people with their animals between high land and low land areas in the Himalayan area ?

A.Pastoralism
B.Trans-humance
C.Nomadism
D.Ranching

Exam Year(s)

Tripura Public Service Commission - 2019,

Answer: B

The term is trans-humance.

Transhumance is the seasonal movement of herders with their animals between high mountain pastures in summer and lower valleys in winter. In the Himalayas it is practised by groups such as the Gujjars and Bakarwals of Jammu and Kashmir and the Gaddis of Himachal Pradesh.

Pastoralism is the broad term for living by herding animals and need not involve seasonal vertical movement. Nomadism is wandering without a fixed home, not a regular up-and-down cycle, and ranching is commercial livestock rearing on large fenced holdings.

Discuss in Forum

155.

The nature of Indian agriculture is

A.shifting
B.extensive commercial
C.intensive subsistence
D.plantation

Exam Year(s)

Tripura Public Service Commission - 2019,

Answer: C

Indian agriculture is mainly intensive subsistence farming.

Most Indian farms are small holdings worked with much labour, irrigation and fertiliser to get the highest possible yield from a small area, and much of the produce is consumed by the farm family itself. That combination, high input per hectare on small plots for family needs, is intensive subsistence farming.

Shifting cultivation (jhum) is practised only in some hilly and forested areas, plantations (tea, coffee, rubber) cover a small share of farmland, and extensive commercial farming on large mechanised farms is typical of countries such as the USA, Canada and Australia, not India.

Discuss in Forum

156.

Which of the following industries is called the basic industry ?

A.Iron and Steel
B.Electronics
C.Petro-chemical
D.Engineering

Exam Year(s)

Tripura Public Service Commission - 2019,

Answer: A

The basic industry is Iron and Steel.

Iron and steel is called the basic or key industry because almost every other industry depends on it for raw material or machinery: engineering, construction, railways, ship building, automobiles and defence all use steel.

Electronics, petrochemicals and engineering are important, but they themselves rely on steel for their plant and equipment, which is why steel, not they, is described as basic.

Discuss in Forum

157.

Zaid Crop season in India falls between __________ months.

A.June to October
B.November to April
C.September to January
D.April to June.

Exam Year(s)

Tripura Public Service Commission - 2026,

Answer: D

The keyed answer is April to June.

The zaid season is the short summer season between the rabi harvest and the kharif sowing, roughly March to June. Crops such as watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber, vegetables and fodder are grown in it, usually under irrigation.

June to October is the kharif (monsoon) season and November to April the rabi (winter) season. September to January is not a cropping season in the standard classification. Only April to June falls within the zaid window.

Discuss in Forum

158.

The stretchability of resource refers to

A.The ability to find adequate substitution
B.Susceptibility to destruction
C.Ability to produce greater yields
D.Non-exhaustibility

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The key takes the stretchability of a resource to mean its ability to produce greater yields, that is, to be stretched to give more output with better technology or inputs, as in the case of land made more productive by fertilisers and irrigation.

The ability to find adequate substitutes refers to the substitutability of resources, susceptibility to destruction is vulnerability, and non-exhaustibility belongs to the flow resources. So option C is the choice.

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159.

Which one of the following sequences of land use according to Von Thunen's model is correct ?

A.Market gardening and fresh milk, firewood and lumber, intensive crop farming
B.Firewood and lumber, intensive crop farming, market gardening and fresh milk
C.Intensive crop farming, market gardening and fresh milk, firewood and lumber
D.Market gardening and fresh milk, intensive crop farming, firewood and lumber

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

Von Thunen's model has concentric rings around the market: the first ring is market gardening and fresh milk, the second is firewood and lumber (heavy and costly to transport), and the third is intensive crop farming, followed by extensive grain farming and then ranching. The sequence in option A matches the inner three rings.

Options B, C and D put the zones in other orders, such as placing firewood before the market gardening zone or putting the intensive crop zone next to the market. Only option A keeps the order market gardening, forest, intensive crops.

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160.

Resource creation is the result of

A.interaction of natural and cultural processes
B.interaction of different natural processes
C.interaction of different social processes
D.interaction of different economic processes

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

Resource creation results from the interaction of natural and cultural processes. Nature supplies the materials, but they become resources only when human knowledge, skills and technology give them value, as Zimmermann's saying 'resources are not, they become' puts it.

Interaction among natural processes alone gives natural materials without value to people, and interaction of only social or economic processes cannot produce the physical base. Option A combines the natural and the cultural, which is why it is right.

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