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Forensic Ballistics Questions and Answers

61.

The diameter of SG pellet in 12 bore gun cartridge is

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

The diameter of an SG pellet in a 12 bore cartridge is 8.43 mm. SG stands for 'small game' in the old buckshot sizes, and SG is the largest of the common buckshot pellets, about 0.33 inch.

7.77 mm, 6.83 mm and 5.16 mm are smaller sizes, so they would correspond to other, smaller shots than SG. The figure matters in forensic work because pellets recovered from a body or the scene can be measured with a micrometer, and a diameter near 8.4 mm points towards buckshot of the SG type fired from a 12 bore gun, instead of the small shot used for birds.

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62.

It is not used as a primer in cartridge :

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

Ammonium nitrate is not used as a primer in a cartridge. A primer needs a sensitive primary explosive which explodes on being struck by the firing pin, as mercury fulminate, lead azide and lead styphnate do. Ammonium nitrate is a stable oxidiser and secondary explosive component that is not set off by a light blow, so it is used in blasting mixtures. So B is correct. Primary explosives are those that explode when struck or heated, and their detonation sets off the main propellant charge. Lead azide and lead styphnate are modern non-corrosive primers, and mercury fulminate was the first, but it became less used because it is corrosive to brass. Ammonium nitrate is not in this class, so it does not belong in a primer.

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63.

Wads and cushion wads are found in :

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

Wads and cushion wads are found in the 12 bore cartridge, which is a shotgun cartridge. The wad separates the propellant powder from the shot and seals the gas, and the cushion wad lessens the deformation of the pellets. A 7.62 mm cartridge and a 0.303 inch cartridge are rifle cartridges that contain a single bullet, and so they do not need wads. So C is correct. In a shotgun cartridge the wad is a disc of card, felt or plastic that sits on top of the powder to seal the gas, and the cushion wad is a thicker one that protects the shot from the force of the explosion. A rifle bullet is fired in a case with no shot to be held, so there are no wads in a 7.62 mm or a 0.303 inch cartridge.

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64.

Snap haunt is a

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

The snaphaunce (printed snap haunt) is a flint lock muzzle loader, an early firearm in which a piece of flint strikes a steel to give a spark to ignite the priming powder. It is not a 12 bore gun of the modern kind, nor an improvised gun, nor a carbine, which is a short rifle. So B is correct. Flint lock guns were common in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. In the snaphaunce the pan cover is separate from the steel, so that the cover must be pushed off before the flint strikes, while in the later true flintlock the two are one piece. The gun is loaded through the muzzle with powder and ball, and it is not a modern breech loading weapon.

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65.

The number of land and grooves in 32 revolver is

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The key gives 6 as the number of lands and grooves in a 32 revolver. The rifling of the barrel of a revolver of this calibre consists of six lands with six grooves in the keyed answer, while 4, 5 and 7 are other numbers. So C is the answer. Rifling is the cutting of spiral grooves in the bore, which spin the bullet; the raised parts between the grooves are the lands. The number of lands and grooves, their width and the direction of the twist are class characteristics of a weapon, and a firearms examiner uses them first to narrow down the make of the weapon from which a recovered bullet was fired, before comparing the individual marks.

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66.

The number of LG pellets in 12 bore cartridge is

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The key gives 6 as the number of LG pellets in a 12 bore cartridge. LG stands for large grain, which is a heavy buckshot used in a shotgun cartridge, and only a few large pellets are loaded in one cartridge. The numbers 1, 4 and 8 are not given by the key. So C is the answer. Shotgun cartridges are loaded with small shot, or with larger pellets such as the LG type used for large game, and the number of pellets and their weight vary with the type. A forensic examiner counts pellets recovered from a body or from a wall to say what type of cartridge was fired and to estimate the range.

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67.

Match the following :

List - I FirearmList - II Trigger pull in pound
a. Ordinary shot guni. \(3\tfrac{1}{2}\) to \(4\tfrac{1}{2}\) pound
b. Pistolii. 3-4 pound
c. Revolver Double Actioniii. 16-20 pound
d. Service Rifleiv. 6-7 pound

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

The trigger pull listed for an ordinary shot gun is 3 1/2 to 4 1/2 pounds (a-i), for a pistol it is 3-4 pounds (b-ii), for a double action revolver it is 16-20 pounds (c-iii), and for a service rifle it is 6-7 pounds (d-iv). That is a-i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv, option A. Options B, C and D put the heavy 16-20 pound pull with the pistol or the rifle, where it would not be usable, so they are wrong.

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68.

In a firearm case, casuality criteria for man is :

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

The casualty criterion for man in a firearm case is 58 foot-pounds of energy. This is the figure of kinetic energy that a projectile must carry to put a man out of action, the standard known from Hatcher's work. The values 60, 62 and 65 ft per pound are not the figure. So A is correct. This is the energy figure used in wound ballistics for a missile to be effective against a human, and it is taken as the least needed to disable a man. A bullet with less energy than this may still wound a person, but the figure is a convenient criterion to judge whether a particular weapon and range could have caused a casualty.

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69.

Firing Pin marks of a gun are :

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

Firing pin marks of a gun are compression marks, that is, impressions made when the firing pin strikes and pushes into the soft metal of the primer cap. They are not cut marks (B), because the pin does not cut the primer, nor striations (C), which are made by sliding contact such as that of a bullet in the rifled bore. They are also not repeatative marks, which is not a standard class. So A is correct.

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70.

Acroreaction test helps to identify a

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The key gives entry wound of a joule burn as the answer to the question on the acroreaction test. A joule burn, an electrical burn, is found at the point of contact of the current, and the key treats the test as a way of identifying the entry wound. The test is not applied to the exit wound or to a filigree burn in the keyed answer. So C is correct. A joule burn is the mark made where a current enters or leaves the body, and the key places the test with the entry wound of that kind. A filigree burn, the branching skin mark left by lightning, is therefore not the keyed subject, and the exit wound of a joule burn is also not the keyed one.

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