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Syllogisms Questions and Answers

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51.

In the question below is given a statement followed by two conclusions numbered I and II.

Give answer

(A) If only I follows
(B) If only II follows
(C) If either I or II follows
(D) If neither I nor II follows
(E) If both I and II follow.

Statement -

I. All balls are baskets.
II. All baskets are tubs.

Conclusion -

I.  All balls are tubs.
II. All tubs are balls.

Answer: A

Correct answer: Only I follows

All balls are baskets and all baskets are tubs, so all balls are tubs - conclusion I. Conclusion II reverses that, and a universal statement does not convert: all tubs need not be balls. Only I follows.

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52.

In the question below is given a statement followed by two conclusions numbered I and II.

Give answer

(A) If only I follows
(B) If only II follows
(C) If either I or II follows
(D) If neither I nor II follows
(E) If both I and II follow.

Statement -

I. All eyes are ears.
II. All ears are noses.

Conclusion -

I. No eyes are ears.
II. Some noses are eyes.

Answer: B

Correct answer: Only II follows

All eyes are ears and all ears are noses, so all eyes are noses - and therefore some noses are eyes, conclusion II. Conclusion I contradicts the first statement outright. Only II follows.

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53.

In the question below is given a statement followed by two conclusions numbered I and II.

Give answer

(A) If only I follows
(B) If only II follows
(C) If either I or II follows
(D) If neither I nor II follows
(E) If both I and II follow.

Statement -

I. Some cables are keyboard.
II. All cables are monitors.

Conclusion -

I. Some monitors are keyboard.
II. Some monitors are not keyboard.

Answer: A

Correct answer: Only I follows

Some cables are keyboards and all cables are monitors, so those cables are monitors that are keyboards - some monitors are keyboards, conclusion I. Conclusion II asserts monitors that are not keyboards, which need not exist. Only I follows.

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54.

In the question below is given a statement followed by two conclusions numbered I and II.

Give answer

(A) If only I follows
(B) If only II follows
(C) If either I or II follows
(D) If neither I nor II follows
(E) If both I and II follow.

Statement -

I. Some red are blue.
II. Some blue are green.

Conclusion -

I. No green are blue.
II. Some green are blue.

Answer: B

Correct answer: Only II follows

Some green are blue is simply the converse of the second statement, so conclusion II follows. Conclusion I denies that overlap and so contradicts what is given. Only II follows.

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55.

In the question below is given a statement followed by two conclusions numbered I and II.

Give answer

(A) If only I follows
(B) If only II follows
(C) If either I or II follows
(D) If neither I nor II follows
(E) If both I and II follow.

Statement -

I. Some lions are bats.
II. Some bats are cat.

Conclusion -

I. All lions are cat.
II. No cat are bats.

Answer: D

Correct answer: Neither I nor II follows

Both statements are particular - some lions are bats, some bats are cats - and a chain of “some” carries nothing along it. Conclusion I claims all lions are cats and conclusion II that no cat is a bat, and the second even contradicts what is given. Neither follows.

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56.

In the question below is given a statement followed by two conclusions numbered I and II.

Give answer

(A) If only I follows
(B) If only II follows
(C) If either I or II follows
(D) If neither I nor II follows
(E) If both I and II follow.

Statement -

I. Some dolls can speak.
II. Some dolls are bad.


Conclusion -

I. Bad toys can speak.
II. All bad can speak.

Answer: D

Correct answer: Neither I nor II follows

The dolls that can speak and the dolls that are bad need not be the same dolls, so neither conclusion can be drawn. Both go further still, making a claim about bad toys or about all bad things. Neither follows.

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57.

In the question below is given a statement followed by two conclusions numbered I and II.

Give answer

(A) If only I follows
(B) If only II follows
(C) If either I or II follows
(D) If neither I nor II follows
(E) If both I and II follow.

Statement -

I. No woman is stupid
II. Neha is a woman

Conclusion -

I. Neha is not stupid
II. All woman are Neha
 

Answer: A

Correct answer: Only I follows

No woman is stupid, and Neha is a woman, so Neha is not stupid - conclusion I. Conclusion II reverses the second statement: Neha being a woman does not make every woman Neha. Only I follows.

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58.

In the question below is given a statement followed by two conclusions numbered I and II.

Give answer

(A) If only I follows
(B) If only II follows
(C) If either I or II follows
(D) If neither I nor II follows
(E) If both I and II follow.

Statement -

I. All dogs are cats.
II. All rats are cats.

Conclusion -

I. No dogs are cat.
II. Some cat are rat.

Answer: B

Correct answer: Only II follows

All rats are cats, so its converse holds: some cats are rats - conclusion II. Conclusion I contradicts the first statement, which says all dogs are cats. Only II follows.

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59.

In the question below is given a statement followed by two conclusions numbered I and II.

Give answer

(A) If only I follows
(B) If only II follows
(C) If either I or II follows
(D) If neither I nor II follows
(E) If both I and II follow.

Statement

I. Every photograph is a portrait.
II. Every portrait is an artwork.

Conclusion

I. Every photograph is an artwork.
II. Some artworks are portraits.

Answer: D

Correct answer: Both I and II follow

Every photograph is a portrait and every portrait an artwork, so every photograph is an artwork - conclusion I. And since every portrait is an artwork, some artworks are portraits - conclusion II, the converse. Both follow.

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60.

In question below is given a statement followed by two conclusions numbered I and II.

Give answer

(A) If only I follows
(B) If only II follows
(C) If either I or II follows
(D) If neither I nor II follows
(E) If both I and II follow.

Statement

I. All musicians are painters.
II. All dancers are painters.

Conclusion

I. All dancers are musicians.
II. Some painters are not dancers.

Answer: D

Correct answer: Neither I nor II follows

Musicians and dancers are both contained in painters, but two classes inside a third need not overlap - so conclusion I does not follow. Conclusion II asserts painters who are not dancers, and for all the statements say every painter might be a dancer. Neither follows.

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