Sources and Composition of Solid Waste Questions and Answers

Q: The term ISWM refers to :

ISWM is Integrated Solid Waste Management.Integrated Solid Waste Management combines source reduction, reuse, recycling, composting, waste-to-energy and landfill in a planned hierarchy, so that each waste stream goes to the most suitable option and the system is managed as a whole. It is the approach promoted by UNEP and by India's Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016.'International' is not part of the term, and 'Mechanism' or 'Machine' replace the key word Management, which is what the integration applies to.

Q: Match the following :Composition of Garbage% by weight(a) Vegetables & leaves(i) 3.8(b) Paper(ii) 0.62(c) Glass(iii) 40.2(d) Plastics(iv) 0.81

The match is a-iii, b-iv, c-i, d-ii.The figures come from a commonly quoted table of Indian municipal solid waste by weight: vegetable matter and leaves about 40 per cent (40.15), paper 0.81, plastics 0.62. That fixes (a) with 40.2, (b) with 0.81 and (d) with 0.62, which leaves 3.8 for (c).I could not confirm the 3.8 for glass. The source table I found lists 3.8 per cent against grass and 0.44 per cent against glass and ceramics, so the question's 'Glass' looks like a slip for grass. The key is still the only code consistent with the printed table: the other codes put paper or plastics against 40.2 or 3.8, which no source supports.

Q: Which of the following can be easily decomposed by microorganisms ?

Easily decomposed wastes are putrescible wastes.Putrescible wastes are organic materials, such as food scraps, vegetable peelings and garden waste, that rot quickly through microbial decomposition and produce odour. They make up a large part of Indian municipal waste and are suited to composting and biomethanation.'Petricible', 'inpetricible' and 'non-petricible' are not standard terms. The opposite category is non-putrescible waste, such as glass, metals and most plastics, which microorganisms do not readily break down.

The term ISWM refers to :

A.International Solid Waste Management
B.Integrated Solid Waste Management
C.Integrated Solid Waste Mechanism
D.Integrated Solid Waste Machine

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: B

ISWM is Integrated Solid Waste Management.

Integrated Solid Waste Management combines source reduction, reuse, recycling, composting, waste-to-energy and landfill in a planned hierarchy, so that each waste stream goes to the most suitable option and the system is managed as a whole. It is the approach promoted by UNEP and by India's Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016.

'International' is not part of the term, and 'Mechanism' or 'Machine' replace the key word Management, which is what the integration applies to.

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Match the following :

Composition of Garbage	% by weight
(a) Vegetables & leaves	(i) 3.8
(b) Paper	(ii) 0.62
(c) Glass	(iii) 40.2
(d) Plastics	(iv) 0.81

A.a-i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv
B.a-iii, b-iv, c-i, d-ii
C.a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i
D.a-iii, b-ii, c-iv, d-i

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: B

The match is a-iii, b-iv, c-i, d-ii.

The figures come from a commonly quoted table of Indian municipal solid waste by weight: vegetable matter and leaves about 40 per cent (40.15), paper 0.81, plastics 0.62. That fixes (a) with 40.2, (b) with 0.81 and (d) with 0.62, which leaves 3.8 for (c).

I could not confirm the 3.8 for glass. The source table I found lists 3.8 per cent against grass and 0.44 per cent against glass and ceramics, so the question's 'Glass' looks like a slip for grass. The key is still the only code consistent with the printed table: the other codes put paper or plastics against 40.2 or 3.8, which no source supports.

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Which of the following can be easily decomposed by microorganisms ?

A.Petricible wastes
B.Putrescible wastes
C.Inpetricible wastes
D.Non-petricible wastes

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: B

Easily decomposed wastes are putrescible wastes.

Putrescible wastes are organic materials, such as food scraps, vegetable peelings and garden waste, that rot quickly through microbial decomposition and produce odour. They make up a large part of Indian municipal waste and are suited to composting and biomethanation.

'Petricible', 'inpetricible' and 'non-petricible' are not standard terms. The opposite category is non-putrescible waste, such as glass, metals and most plastics, which microorganisms do not readily break down.

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Average composition of biodegradable waste in Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) of India is

A.30 - 35%
B.40 - 45%
C.55 - 65%
D.60 - 70%

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

The keyed average for the biodegradable fraction of municipal solid waste in India is 40 to 45 percent. Indian waste is dominated by food, vegetable and garden waste, which is wet and organic, while paper, plastics, glass, metals and inert matter such as ash, dust and stones make up the rest. A range of 30 to 35 percent is lower than the keyed average, and the ranges 55 to 65 and 60 to 70 percent are higher than the key accepts, so the second range is the one marked correct.

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Which of the following pertains to "high-waste approach" in dealing with the solid and hazardous wastes ?

A.Burying and burning
B.Recycling
C.Composting
D.Reusing

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: A

Burying and burning pertain to the high-waste approach. This is the throwaway approach in which waste is dumped in landfills or incinerated and resources are not recovered.

Recycling, composting and reusing are the low-waste approach, which tries to keep materials in use and to cut the quantity needing disposal. The answer is option A.

The same idea is behind the term throwaway society, which describes economies built on dumping and burning waste after one use.

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Which one of the following is used in manufacturing flexible plastic bags and sheets ?

A.Polystyrene (PS)
B.Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
C.Low density polyethylene (LDPE)
D.TEFLON

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

Low density polyethylene is used to make flexible plastic bags and sheets, because it is soft, flexible and easily made into thin film.

Polystyrene is a rigid plastic used for packaging and cups. PET is used for bottles and fibres. Teflon is used for non-stick coatings and seals. The answer is option C.

LDPE is made by high-pressure polymerisation of ethylene, which gives a branched chain structure that lowers density and makes the film soft and stretchy.

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