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Folklore Concepts and Classification Questions and Answers

Direction for [ Question No: 1 To 2 ] :

Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow based on the passage :

Anthropologists and folklorists are perhaps less concerned about the national focus of their research than most scholars. Anthropology teaches one that culture is the property of all humanity. Folklore research has shown that tales, and many other items of folklore, have travelled from culture to culture and across national and linguistic boundaries throughout history. Which each people may leave their special impression on a tale, no one culture can claim ownership. Questions of origin, even if they could be answered (and they usually cannot) fade into irrelevance when one considers the variable experiences a tale acquires during its life history. Still, in both the West and in India, there is a tendency to think only in terms of one's own native folklore. While an argument can be made for the benefits of the study of folklore in order to encourage the self-awareness of a repressed people and reinforce their sense of pride in their traditions, folklore study is too often limited by nationalism and other provincial feelings. People who approach folklore from this perspective too often fail to reach the real insights that the study of folklore has to offer. Fortunately, in both India and the West, there are also people who are developing an interest in a broader understanding of the aesthetic traditions of other parts of the world. Our American students - including some who are of Indian descent - are happy to have the opportunity to broaden their knowledge of the world through the study of Indian culture and folklore.

1.

The real insights that folklore study offers are

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2014,

Answer: B

The real insights that folklore study offers are a broader understanding of the world and culture.

The passage says that those who approach folklore from a narrow national view fail to reach the real insights, and it welcomes people who seek a broader understanding of the aesthetic traditions of other parts of the world.

Nationalism and provincial feeling are what limit the study, and self-awareness and pride are the benefits that the passage puts against the real insights. The aesthetic traditions option is partly the same idea, but the key chooses the broader understanding.

The wording of the question, real insights, points straight to the sentence on failing to reach them.

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2.

Which statement is NOT correct ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2014,

Answer: C

The statement that is not correct is that American students are not happy to study Indian culture and folklore.

The passage says the American students, including some of Indian descent, are happy to have the chance to widen their knowledge through the study of Indian culture and folklore, so this statement is the reverse of the text.

The other three statements agree with the passage: tales have travelled from culture to culture, no culture can claim ownership of a tale, and anthropology teaches that culture belongs to all humanity.

In a NOT question, check each option against the passage and pick the one that contradicts it.

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Direction for [ Question No: 3 To 6 ] :

Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow based on the passage :

Folklore is fascinating to study because people are fascinating creatures. It is a diversified and complex subject because it reflects the whole intricate mosaic of the rest of human culture. Folklore is part of culture, but it is elusive, flowing along separately from the main stream of the major intellectual attainments of humanity. In traditional lore, however, there are counterparts for literary and representational art, Philosophical speculations, scientific inquires, historical records, social attitudes and psychological insights. Thus, the study of folklore is a sub-division of the broader study of people and their works and as such, folklore research has much in common with both the humanities and the social sciences.

3.

Why Folklore is fascinating to study ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: D

The passage opens by saying that folklore is fascinating to study because people are fascinating creatures. That is the reason it gives, so the answer is the last option.

The other options name things that the passage mentions, such as people's life, culture and art, but as parts of the subject, not as the reason that the study is fascinating. The cause given in the first sentence is the nature of people.

A quick check is to look for the first sentence of the passage, since a question that asks why usually points to the cause that is stated with the word because.

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4.

Traditional lore includes

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: D

The passage says that traditional lore has counterparts for literary and representational art, philosophical speculations, scientific inquiries, historical records, social attitudes and psychological insights. So traditional lore includes social attitudes, psychological insights and historical records, and the answer is all of the above.

No single option names all of these, so the answer is the one that takes the three together and not any one of them alone.

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5.

Folklore is part of culture because

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: A

The passage states that folklore is part of culture but it is elusive, flowing along separately from the main stream of the major intellectual attainments of humanity. So the reason given in the text for its being part of culture is the one in the first option.

It is diversified and complex because it reflects the mosaic of human culture, which is a different statement, and the passage says that folklore flows apart from the intellectual attainments, so it is not part of them. The option naming major intellectual attainments is wrong.

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6.

The study of Folklore is a subdivision of

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

The passage says that the study of folklore is a sub-division of the broader study of people and their works. So the answer is the study of people and their works.

The study of human behaviour, of philosophical speculation and of representational art are not the broader field named in the passage. Philosophical speculation and representational art appear only as items for which traditional lore has counterparts.

This follows from the last sentence of the passage, which also adds that folklore research has much in common with the humanities and the social sciences, which shows why its subject is wider than a single art.

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Direction for [ Question No: 7 To 8 ] :

Read the passage below and answer the questions.

But in 1955, when Levi-Strauss first presented his paper, 'The Structural Study of Myth', it took the Anglo-American intellectual world by surprise. We were not at all aware of these sorts of ideas, and still fixed upon thoroughly empirical levels of analysis of course, this was not true of linguistics, but by that time linguistics has separated from its sister discipline of anthropology. The study of folklore was particularly empiricist, with the historicalgeographical school at its peak and the Aarne-Thompson Tale and Motif Indices the major tools of the trade. In anthropology, functionalism dominated the British scene. Americans were caught up in debates between functionalists, historicists and neo-evolutionists. All these currents were empirical and concerned with surface features of culture and generalizations about society. And further more, these disciplines tended to divide themselves from one another in terms of the subjects it was thought appropriate for them to study. Linguistics studied language, anthropology studied society and material culture and folklore studied oral traditions. Subject matter, methodology and a sense of intellectual territoriality separated the disciplines.

7.

Which is the area of study of folklore ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

According to the passage, folklore studied oral traditions (option C): linguistics studied language, anthropology studied society and material culture, and folklore studied oral traditions.

Language (A) is the field of linguistics and society and material culture (B) that of anthropology, so neither is the field of folklore as the passage divides the disciplines. 'None of the above' (D) is wrong since C is correct.

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8.

Which disciplines were separated on the basis of subject matter, methodology and intellectual territoriality ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

The passage says that subject matter, methodology and a sense of intellectual territoriality separated linguistics, anthropology and folklore (option B), the three disciplines it names.

History, geography and anthropology (A), psychology, linguistics and folklore (C), and folklore, history and culture (D) bring in disciplines the passage does not mention as separated, so only B matches it.

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9.

The context of Folklore means

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

In folklore studies, context means the situation in which a folklore event occurs: who is performing, to whom, on what occasion and for what purpose (option C). The approach of Dundes and Ben-Amos treats an item together with the situation of its performance, since the same tale means different things at a wedding and at a night gathering.

The area (A) is only the place, the people (B) are the folk group or the audience, and the culture (D) is the wider setting. Each is one element of the setting, but none is the situation of the event itself.

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10.

'Totem' is

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

A totem is a natural object, usually an animal or plant, adopted as the emblem of a clan, and it carries rules of social life: who may marry whom and what may or may not be eaten or killed. The key therefore takes the answer that describes it as prescriptive rules of socio-cultural life (option D).

Cultural item of social life (A) and beliefs in folklife (C) are too general, since almost anything in folklife is a cultural item or a belief. Rituals (B) are acts, whereas a totem is an object of respect that fixes the rules of the group.

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