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Indian Folk Cultural Practices Questions and Answers

1.

Assertion (A) : Indian folklore itself identifies various folk groups and assigns them stereotypical characteristics.

Reason (R) : This phenomenon is also taken as an example of meta folklore.
Codes :

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

Both statements are correct (option D). Indian folklore itself marks out folk groups and gives each stereotyped traits, for example in proverbs and jokes about castes and regions, and when the folk comment on their own groups and traditions in this way, it is metafolklore, so the reason explains the assertion.

Options A and B reject one of the two statements, and option C calls both only partially correct. Both hold fully, since stereotypes expressed in folklore about folk groups are a standard example of folklore about folklore.

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2.

Which one is not correctly matched ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

Pongal is not a festival of Orissa (option C). It is the harvest festival of Tamil Nadu, celebrated in January.

Baisakhi (A) is the spring harvest festival of Punjab, Dussehra (B) is celebrated in a famous way in Kulu in Himachal Pradesh, and Holi (D) is widely celebrated in Uttar Pradesh. These three pairs are correct, so Pongal with Orissa is the one that is not correctly matched.

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3.

Which one of the following is not correctly matched ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

Baisakhi and Ugadi are not festivals of West India (option D). Baisakhi is the harvest festival of Punjab in the north, and Ugadi is the new-year festival of the south, in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.

Deepavali and Holi (A) are celebrated across North India, Lai Haraoba of Manipur and Bihu of Assam (B) belong to the east, and Pongal and Onam (C) are festivals of the south. So only the last pair is wrongly placed.

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4.

Matrilinial custom of inheritance is prevalent in

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

Matrilineal inheritance, in which property and family name pass through the mother and the youngest daughter usually inherits, is the custom of the Khasi of Meghalaya. The Santhal, the Mizo and the Kuki follow patrilineal descent, in which property passes from the father to the sons. Therefore of the four tribes named, C is the correct answer.

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5.

Shamanism is

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

Shamanism is a medical practice in the sense used here, that is, a healing practice. The shaman is a ritual specialist who goes into a trance and communicates with spirits to cure illness, find lost souls or ward off misfortune, and this healing role is the core of the institution among many tribal peoples. Music, dance and the fine arts may appear in shamanic rituals, but they are not what shamanism is, so the key gives D, and options A, B and C are wrong.

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6.

Zend-Avesta is the religious texts of

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The Zend-Avesta, the Avesta with its commentary, is the sacred scripture of the Zoroastrians, the followers of the prophet Zarathustra, who are called Parsis in India. The Jews have the Hebrew Bible, the Buddhists the Tripitaka (Pali canon) and other collections, and the Sikhs the Guru Granth Sahib. So C is correct. In India the Zoroastrians are known as Parsis, and their scripture is in the old Avestan language, with the Zend as the later Pahlavi commentary on the Avesta.

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7.

Geographically arrange the rivers from North to South India

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

Arranged from north to south, the rivers are Brahmaputra, Tapti, Krishna and Tamraparani. The Brahmaputra flows in the north-east, across Assam, the Tapti in western India at about 21 degrees north, the Krishna in the Deccan and the peninsula at about 16 degrees north, and the Tamraparani in the far south, in Tamil Nadu. Option A puts the Krishna after the Tamraparani, B starts with the Krishna and D puts the Tapti last, so all of them are wrong. The answer is C.

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8.

Sequence the deities Siva, Kamakhya, Visnu, Surya with the places

I. Kashi
II. Konark
III. Guwahati
IV. Thiruvananthapuram

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

Following the order of the deities Siva, Kamakhya, Visnu and Surya, the places are Kashi (I) for Siva, Guwahati (III) for Kamakhya, Thiruvananthapuram (IV) for Visnu, and Konark (II) for Surya. The sequence is I, III, IV, II, option C. Kashi is the city of Siva, the Kamakhya temple is on the Nilachal hill at Guwahati, the Padmanabhaswamy temple of Visnu is at Thiruvananthapuram, and the Sun Temple is at Konark. Options A, B and D put Konark or Thiruvananthapuram against the wrong deity.

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9.

Identify by the correct pair

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

Sabarimala is the hill shrine of Ayyappan in Kerala, so the pair Sabarimala with Ayyappan is correct. Kailash is the mountain associated with Siva, not Vishnu, so B is wrong. The Sahyadri hills and the Aravali range are not matched with Surya and Kali in that way, so A and D are wrong. The answer is C.

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10.

Taboo is

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

A taboo is a prohibition, a set of don'ts in socio-cultural life, that forbids certain acts, foods, words, persons or places under pain of supernatural or social penalty. A belief is something held to be true, a ritual is a prescribed performance, and a custom is an accepted habit of a society, so none of them is a prohibition as such, though a taboo may be tied to all three. The keyed answer is therefore the one that states the do-not character of a taboo.

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