Attention, Perception, Learning and Memory Questions and Answers

191.

Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Indicate your answer using the code given below :

Assertion (A) : Computational approach involves a rigorous, mathematically oriented analysis of certain aspects of visual perception derived largely from computer simulation and artificial intelligence.
Reason (R) : Neurophysiological approach argues that sensory and perceptual phenomena are best explained by known neural and physiological mechanisms serving sensory structures.
Codes :

A.Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B.Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C.(A) is true, but (R) is false.
D.(A) is false, but (R) is true.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

Both statements are true, but the reason does not explain the assertion. The computational approach to visual perception does use mathematical analysis, computer simulation and artificial intelligence, so (A) is true. The neurophysiological approach does explain sensory and perceptual phenomena by neural and physiological mechanisms, so (R) is true.

However, (R) describes a different approach, not the working of the computational approach. It therefore cannot be the explanation of (A), and the second option is correct. The first option is wrong because (R) does not explain (A), and the third and fourth options each call a true statement false.

Discuss in Forum

192.

Having seen or heard a stimulus once may facilitate our recognizing it on a latter occasion, even if we are not aware that this is happening. This phenomena is referred to as

A.Primacy effect
B.Recency effect
C.Practice effect
D.Priming effect

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: D

Having met a stimulus once makes it easier to recognise it later, even without being aware of this, and this phenomenon is called the priming effect. It is a form of implicit memory in which earlier exposure influences later processing.

The primacy effect is better recall of items at the start of a list and the recency effect is better recall of items at the end of it. The practice effect is an improvement in performance from repeated trials of a task. None of these describes unconscious facilitation by a previous exposure, so the fourth option is correct.

Discuss in Forum

193.

Arrange the following layers of Retina in order of light travelling from environment to back of the eyeball :

I. Ganglion cells
II. Cone receptors
III. Horizontal cells
IV. Bipolar cells
Codes :

A.I, II, III, IV
B.II, III, IV, I
C.IV, II, III, I
D.I, IV, III, II

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: D

Light entering the eye passes first through the layer of ganglion cells, then the bipolar cells, then the horizontal cells and finally reaches the photoreceptors, the rods and cones. The order is therefore ganglion cells (I), bipolar cells (IV), horizontal cells (III) and cone receptors (II), that is I, IV, III, II.

The retina is inverted in this sense: the receptors lie at the back, and light has to pass through the other layers before it reaches them. The other sequences put the receptors first, which reverses this.

Discuss in Forum

194.

Match the following List - I with List - II and indicate your answer using codes given below :

List - I (Parts of the Eye)	List - II (Descriptions)
p. Rods and Cones	1. Stable and unique in individual and can be used for identification better than finger prints.
q. Iris	2. Photoreceptors in retina
r. Ciliary muscles	3. The optic disc where optic nerve fibers leave the eye enroute to the brain
s. Blind spot	4. Control its curvature which varies depending on the distance of the object focussed.

Codes : p q r s

A.4 1 2 3
B.2 1 4 3
C.1 2 3 4
D.3 4 1 2

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

The correct matching is p-2, q-1, r-4 and s-3. Rods and cones are the photoreceptors in the retina, the iris has a pattern that is stable and unique in each person and is used for identification, the ciliary muscles control the curvature of the lens depending on the distance of the object, and the blind spot is the optic disc where the optic nerve fibres leave the eye.

The other codes interchange these descriptions.

Discuss in Forum

195.

Match List - I with List - II and indicate your answer using codes given below :

List - I (Visual variables)	List - II (Explanations)
p. Colour	1. The effect of intensity of light on the observer
q. Illuminance	2. The intensity of light reflected from an illuminated surface.
r. Luminance	3. The amount of incident light.
s. Brightness	4. The subjective or psychological effect that different wavelengths of light on the observer

Codes : p q r s

A.1 2 3 4
B.4 3 2 1
C.2 1 3 4
D.1 4 2 3

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

The correct matching is p-4, q-3, r-2 and s-1. Colour is the subjective effect of different wavelengths of light on the observer, illuminance is the amount of incident light, luminance is the intensity of light reflected from an illuminated surface, and brightness is the effect of the intensity of light on the observer.

The other codes mix up the physical measures (illuminance, luminance) with the subjective ones (colour, brightness).

Discuss in Forum

196.

Match List - I with List - II and indicate your answer with the help of the codes given below :

List - I (Definition)	List - II (Memory system)
p. Memory for factual information that we acquired at a specific time	1. Procedural memory
q. memory for general, abstract knowledge that we cannot remember acquiring at a specific time	2. Episodic memory
r. Memory for information necessary to perform skilled motor activity	3. Autobiographcial memory
s. Memory for events in our own life	4. Semantic memory

Codes : p q r s

A.2 4 1 3
B.4 1 3 2
C.3 2 4 1
D.1 3 2 4

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: A

The correct matching is p-2, q-4, r-1 and s-3. Episodic memory is memory for facts and events acquired at a specific time, semantic memory is general, abstract knowledge that we cannot remember acquiring at a particular time, procedural memory is the memory for skills such as motor activity, and autobiographical memory is memory for events in our own life.

The other codes assign these definitions to the wrong memory systems.

Discuss in Forum

197.

Match the List - I with List - II and indicate your answer with the help of codes given below :

List - I (Phenomenon)	List - II (Psychologist)
p. Observational learning	1. Skinner
q. Cognitive Map	2. Vygotsky
r. Association of different stimuli	3. Bandura
s. Learning pulls to cognitive development	4. Pavlov

Codes : p q r s

A.2 1 3 4
B.3 1 4 2
C.3 1 2 4
D.2 3 1 4

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

The key gives p-3, q-1, r-4 and s-2. Observational learning is associated with Bandura, the association of different stimuli is classical conditioning, which is Pavlov's, and the idea of learning pulling cognitive development along is Vygotsky's.

The cognitive map is Tolman's concept, and Tolman is not in the list, so the pairing of q with Skinner in the key is not accurate. The option is nevertheless the only one that gives the other three pairs correctly (p-Bandura, r-Pavlov, s-Vygotsky), so it is the keyed answer.

Discuss in Forum

198.

Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Indicate your answer using the codes given below :

Assertion (A) : The minimum flicker rate of a light source that results in a perceptual shift from apparent flicker to apparent steady continuous light is known as Critical Flicker Frequency (CFF).
Reason (R) : The CFF marks the border between seeing flicker and seeing fusion.
Codes :

A.Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B.(A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C.(A) is true, but (R) is false.
D.(A) is false, but (R) is true.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

Both statements are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A), as the key shows. The critical flicker frequency is the minimum flicker rate at which a flickering light appears steady, which is the definition in (A), and the CFF does mark the border between seeing flicker and seeing fusion.

The reason merely restates the border that the assertion's definition describes in other words, so it is not an explanation of the assertion. The second option is therefore the answer.

Discuss in Forum

199.

A person rattles the box of dog's biscuits before giving the biscuit to dog. As the person rattles the box the dog begins to salivate. Thus rattling of box is _____; and the salivation of dog is a kind of _______.

A.CS ; CR
B.CS ; UCR
C.UCS ; CR
D.UCS ; UCR

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: A

The rattling of the box is a conditioned stimulus (CS), and the salivation of the dog is a conditioned response (CR). The rattle has been repeatedly paired with the biscuit, which is the unconditioned stimulus, and now produces salivation by itself.

The unconditioned stimulus would be the biscuit itself, and salivation to the food would be the unconditioned response. Since the response here is to the rattle, the first option is correct.

Discuss in Forum

200.

In operant conditioning a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals is the case of

A.Fixed - ratio schedule
B.Variable - ratio schedule
C.Fixed - interval schedule
D.Variable - interval schedule

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: D

A schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals is a variable-interval schedule. The reinforcement depends on the passage of time, whose length varies from one reinforcement to the next, so the organism responds at a steady, moderate rate.

Fixed-ratio and variable-ratio schedules depend on the number of responses and not time, and a fixed-interval schedule reinforces after a fixed amount of time. Only the fourth option has time intervals that are unpredictable.

Attention, Perception, Learning and Memory Questions and Answers

Topics

Other Subjects

Tags: Attention, Perception, Learning and Memory Questions and Answers

About Us

Attention, Perception, Learning and Memory Questions and Answers

Topics

Other Subjects

Tags: Attention, Perception, Learning and Memory Questions and Answers

About Us

Stay informed about all important Dates & Notifications