Educational Studies Questions and Answers

Q: The affecting factor of social mobility is

The factor that affects social mobility is the structure of society.Social mobility is movement of individuals or groups between positions in the social hierarchy. An open structure with few barriers allows it, while a closed structure such as a rigid caste system limits it. So the way a society is organised decides how much mobility there is.The constitution, culture and equality can influence mobility, but they act through the structure, which the key treats as the basic factor.

Q: The nature of social values is

The key gives the nature of social values as logical.Social values are standards of what is desirable that a society holds together, and they are justified by reasons and shared judgement. The key takes them to be logical in nature rather than a matter of private feeling or material interest.Symbolical, emotional and materialistic describe other aspects. Materialistic in particular is wrong because many values, such as honesty and sacrifice, are not material at all.

Q: Cultural diffusion is

Cultural diffusion is cultural intermingling.It is the spread of cultural traits, such as ideas, customs, beliefs and tools, from one society to another through contact like trade, migration and communication. The result is a mixing of the cultures.Technological or scientific intermingling covers only one kind of trait. 'All above' is wrong, because the term is the general one for culture, and the specific kinds are examples of it.

Q: Which of the following situation will occur if cultural change do not follow social change ?

If cultural change does not follow social change, cultural lag occurs.The term is from William Ogburn. When one part of culture changes faster than another, the slower part lags behind, and the gap between them causes strain. Here the culture has not kept up with changes in society.Educational, social and economic lag are not the standard names for this mismatch.

Q: Sociology of education includes

Sociology of education includes society and its relationship with the individual.The subject studies how education and society act on each other, and how the individual is shaped by social institutions and social forces. The relationship of the society to the individual is the broadest of the four and takes in the others.The other options each name one narrow aspect, such as social relations in gaining experience, development of the country or communication with society.

Q: Education as sub-system of society

Education as a sub-system of society brings changes in the society and makes it modern.Education is one part of the larger social system. It acts on the rest by spreading knowledge, skills and new attitudes, and so brings about social change and modernisation.It does not create a rift between the educated and the uneducated as its aim, it does not dominate society, and it is not merely dominated by it. The key takes the role of education in changing society.

Q: Who coined the term 'cultural capital' ?

The term 'cultural capital' was coined by Bourdieu and Passeron.Pierre Bourdieu and Jean-Claude Passeron used it in their study of education and class reproduction in France, to describe the knowledge, language and tastes of the dominant class that schools reward.Bowles and Gintis wrote on schooling in capitalist America and the correspondence principle. Young is known for work on the sociology of knowledge, and McRobbie for work on youth culture. None coined this term.

Q: Who among the following is an existentialist thinker ?

Sartre is the existentialist thinker.Jean-Paul Sartre made individual freedom, choice and responsibility the centre of his philosophy, and in education this means that the learner must be helped to choose and create his own essence.Kilpatrick is a pragmatist known for the project method. Rousseau is a naturalist who wanted the child educated according to his nature, and Froebel is an idealist, the founder of the kindergarten. None of the three is classed as an existentialist.

231.

The affecting factor of social mobility is

A.Constitution
B.Structure of society
C.Culture
D.Equality

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

The factor that affects social mobility is the structure of society.

Social mobility is movement of individuals or groups between positions in the social hierarchy. An open structure with few barriers allows it, while a closed structure such as a rigid caste system limits it. So the way a society is organised decides how much mobility there is.

The constitution, culture and equality can influence mobility, but they act through the structure, which the key treats as the basic factor.

Discuss in Forum

232.

The nature of social values is

A.Logical
B.Symbolical
C.Emotional
D.Materialistic

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: A

The key gives the nature of social values as logical.

Social values are standards of what is desirable that a society holds together, and they are justified by reasons and shared judgement. The key takes them to be logical in nature rather than a matter of private feeling or material interest.

Symbolical, emotional and materialistic describe other aspects. Materialistic in particular is wrong because many values, such as honesty and sacrifice, are not material at all.

Discuss in Forum

233.

Cultural diffusion is

A.Technological intermingling
B.Cultural intermingling
C.Scientific intermingling
D.All above

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

Cultural diffusion is cultural intermingling.

It is the spread of cultural traits, such as ideas, customs, beliefs and tools, from one society to another through contact like trade, migration and communication. The result is a mixing of the cultures.

Technological or scientific intermingling covers only one kind of trait. 'All above' is wrong, because the term is the general one for culture, and the specific kinds are examples of it.

Discuss in Forum

234.

Which of the following situation will occur if cultural change do not follow social change ?

A.Cultural lag
B.Educational lag
C.Social lag
D.Economical lag

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: A

If cultural change does not follow social change, cultural lag occurs.

The term is from William Ogburn. When one part of culture changes faster than another, the slower part lags behind, and the gap between them causes strain. Here the culture has not kept up with changes in society.

Educational, social and economic lag are not the standard names for this mismatch.

Discuss in Forum

235.

Sociology of education includes

A.Social relations by which individuals gain experience
B.Social development in the country
C.Society and its relationship with the individual
D.Communication of the individual with the society

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

Sociology of education includes society and its relationship with the individual.

The subject studies how education and society act on each other, and how the individual is shaped by social institutions and social forces. The relationship of the society to the individual is the broadest of the four and takes in the others.

The other options each name one narrow aspect, such as social relations in gaining experience, development of the country or communication with society.

Discuss in Forum

236.

'Mirambaka' - The school based on ideas of free progress education was advocated by

A.M.K. Gandhi
B.Aurobindo
C.Vivekanand
D.John Dewey

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

The school 'Mirambika', based on free progress education, was advocated by Aurobindo.

Mirambika in New Delhi was started by followers of Sri Aurobindo and the Mother in 1981. It follows their idea of free progress, in which the child grows at his or her own pace according to inner nature.

Gandhi proposed basic education, Vivekananda taught man-making education, and Dewey the school as a community in his pragmatic scheme. None of them proposed this school.

Discuss in Forum

237.

Education as sub-system of society

A.brings changes in the society and makes it modern.
B.creates rift between educated and uneducated in the society
C.dominates the society
D.accepts dominance of the society

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: A

Education as a sub-system of society brings changes in the society and makes it modern.

Education is one part of the larger social system. It acts on the rest by spreading knowledge, skills and new attitudes, and so brings about social change and modernisation.

It does not create a rift between the educated and the uneducated as its aim, it does not dominate society, and it is not merely dominated by it. The key takes the role of education in changing society.

Discuss in Forum

238.

Who coined the term 'cultural capital' ?

A.Bowels and Gintis
B.Bourdieu and Passeron
C.Young
D.McRobbie and Aryon

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

The term 'cultural capital' was coined by Bourdieu and Passeron.

Pierre Bourdieu and Jean-Claude Passeron used it in their study of education and class reproduction in France, to describe the knowledge, language and tastes of the dominant class that schools reward.

Bowles and Gintis wrote on schooling in capitalist America and the correspondence principle. Young is known for work on the sociology of knowledge, and McRobbie for work on youth culture. None coined this term.

Discuss in Forum

239.

Pragmatism as a School of Philosophy assumes that

A.learning takes place through pure trial and error
B.predictions can be made only in terms of probabilities
C.laws governing the universe are the only universals
D.nature of the universe is best described by stability

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

Pragmatism holds that predictions can be made only in terms of probabilities.

Pragmatists such as Peirce, James and Dewey treat the world as changing and truth as provisional, tested by its consequences in experience. Nothing can be foretold with certainty, so a forecast is only as good as the evidence for it.

Learning through pure trial and error is the connectionist view of Thorndike, whereas pragmatism stresses purposeful problem solving. Fixed universal laws and a stable, unchanging universe belong to idealism and realism, which pragmatism rejects.

Discuss in Forum

240.

Who among the following is an existentialist thinker ?

A.Sartre
B.Kilpatrick
C.Rousseau
D.Froebel

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: A

Sartre is the existentialist thinker.

Jean-Paul Sartre made individual freedom, choice and responsibility the centre of his philosophy, and in education this means that the learner must be helped to choose and create his own essence.

Kilpatrick is a pragmatist known for the project method. Rousseau is a naturalist who wanted the child educated according to his nature, and Froebel is an idealist, the founder of the kindergarten. None of the three is classed as an existentialist.

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