Factors Affecting Learning Questions and Answers

Answer: A

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Emotions and thinking are interwoven: anxiety and fear interfere with attention and memory, while feeling safe and valued supports engagement and learning. Because emotion and cognition are linked in this way, teachers should give children emotional support in the classroom if learning is to be effective.

So the Reason states exactly why the Assertion holds, which rules out the options that call either statement false or deny the link.

Answer: C

The Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

Cultures shape how emotions are expressed. In many Asian cultures that value social harmony and interdependence, open displays of anger are discouraged because they disrupt relationships, while shame is encouraged as a check on behaviour that might embarrass the group.

The Reason is false: emotions play an important role in learning. They affect attention, motivation, memory and engagement, and anxiety or interest can respectively block or drive learning. So the options treating the Reason as true, or both statements as false, are wrong.

Answer: B

Both (A) and (R) are false.

Children do not learn most effectively under frequent criticism. Constant criticism raises anxiety, lowers self-esteem and makes children afraid to try, which reduces learning. Errors are better treated as a normal part of learning and a source of information for the teacher.

The reason is false as well: frequent criticism tends to make children dependent on adult approval or discouraged, not self-reliant, and it does not improve academic performance. Since neither statement holds, every option calling (A) or (R) true is wrong.