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Applied Philosophy Questions and Answers

61.

Religious and Social Philosophy has been dealt by Kant in

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

Kant deals with religion and social philosophy in Religion within the Limits of Reason Alone, so the answer is C.

The book (1793) treats the moral basis of religion, radical evil in human nature, the ethical community or church, and the idea of a religion that rests on reason and not on revelation.

The Critique of Pure Reason (B) is about the limits of theoretical knowledge, the Critique of Practical Reason (D) is about the moral law and its postulates, and the Critique of Judgement (A) is about aesthetic and teleological judgement. None is the work on religion as such.

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62.

'Morality is led beyond itself into a higher form of goodness, it ends in what we may call religion' is stated by

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

The statement that morality is led beyond itself into a higher form of goodness and ends in religion is by F. H. Bradley, so the answer is D.

It is the conclusion of his Ethical Studies, where he argues that the effort of the moral self to realise the ideal can never be complete, so morality points beyond itself to religion, in which the ideal is felt as already real.

McTaggart (A), Schleiermacher (B) and Matthew Arnold (C) wrote on religion, but the statement as put in the key is Bradley's.

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63.

Consider the List - I and List - II and select the correct code given below :

List - IList - II
a. Jainism1. Gaya
b. Buddhism2. Anandpur Sahib
c. Sikhism3. Ajmer
d. Islam4. Vaishali

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

The matching is Jainism with Vaishali, Buddhism with Gaya, Sikhism with Anandpur Sahib and Islam with Ajmer, so the answer is A.

Vaishali, the Lichchhavi capital, is the region of Mahavira's birth and is linked with Jainism. Bodh Gaya is the place where the Buddha gained enlightenment. Anandpur Sahib is a major place of the Sikhs, where the Khalsa was founded in 1699, and Ajmer holds the dargah of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti, a centre of Indian Islam.

The other codes set one or more of these places against another religion, which they do not fit.

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64.

Which of the following is the correct pair of prophetic religion ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

The pair of prophetic religions is Christianity and Islam, so the answer is B.

A prophetic religion is founded on a message that a prophet is believed to have received from God: Jesus and Muhammad in these two faiths, in the line of the earlier prophets of the Bible. The two share the idea of a single God who speaks to humankind through chosen messengers.

Jainism and Buddhism (A) are founded on the enlightenment of a teacher and not on a revelation, Sikhism (C) is a mixed pair with Islam, and Hinduism and Zoroastrianism (D) are not classed together as prophetic in this sense. So only B is accepted.

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65.

Which of the following paths was advocated by Lord Buddha ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

The path advocated by the Buddha is the madhyama pratipada (the middle path), so the answer is B.

In his first sermon at Sarnath he taught that the way to the end of suffering avoids both the extreme of sensual indulgence and the extreme of self-mortification. The middle path is spelt out as the Noble Eightfold Path.

Shreyas (A) and preyas (C) are the Upanishadic terms for the good and the pleasant, and kaivalya (D) is the isolation that is the goal of Samkhya, Yoga and Jainism. None of these names the Buddha's path.

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66.

Consider the List - I and List - II and select the code correctly matched :

List - IList - II
a. Thiruvalluvar1. Ten Commandments
b. Lord Swaminarayan2. Kural
c. Moses3. Nitishatak
d. Bhartruhari4. Sikshapatri

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The correct matching is Thiruvalluvar with Kural, Lord Swaminarayan with Sikshapatri, Moses with the Ten Commandments and Bhartruhari with Nitishatak, so the answer is C.

The Tirukkural is the Tamil classic of Thiruvalluvar. The Shikshapatri is the code of conduct that Swaminarayan wrote for his followers. The Ten Commandments were given to Moses, and the Nitishataka is the collection of a hundred verses on worldly wisdom by Bhartrihari.

Every other code swaps at least one of these works with another author.

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67.

Which one of the following religious worships scripture as the ideal of divinity ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

The religion that treats scripture as the ideal of divinity is Sikhism, option D. The Guru Granth Sahib is treated as the living Guru, the eternal embodiment of divine wisdom, and is honoured as the Guru of the Sikhs after the tenth Guru.

Hinduism (option A) has many scriptures but also images and teachers. Christianity (option B) venerates the Bible but takes Christ as the embodiment of God. Jainism (option C) honours the Tīrthaṅkaras and their teaching, and it does not make a book the object of worship in this way.

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68.

Which of the following pairs of religion could be considered as 'nontheistic' in perspective ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The pair that is non-theistic in outlook is Jainism and Buddhism, option C. Neither of them admits a creator God who governs the world; both teach that liberation is gained through one's own effort and conduct.

Judaism and Christianity (option A), and Islam and Zoroastrianism (option B), are all theistic, since each believes in God. Hinduism and Sikhism (option D) are in general theistic too, with Hinduism including a range of views and Sikhism teaching one God.

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69.

Which of the following set of religions believe in the concept of salvation ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

The keyed answer is Islam and Christianity, option B. The word salvation is used for the deliverance of the soul from sin by God's grace, which is central to these two religions, and the key reserves it for them.

Buddhism and Jainism (option D) also teach a state of freedom from suffering, but they call it nirvana or moksha, liberation won by one's own effort, and the key does not treat it as salvation. Hinduism teaches moksha, and option C pairs it with Christianity and option A pairs Jainism with Islam. The keyed answer depends on this reading of the word.

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70.

Which of the following set of religions can be formed as Semitic religions ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

The Semitic religions are Judaism, Christianity and Islam, option D. All three arose among Semitic peoples of West Asia, share a belief in one God and trace their line to Abraham.

Jainism, Buddhism, Sikhism and Hinduism, which appear in options A, B and C, arose in India and are not Semitic. Option A includes Islam and Judaism but adds Jainism, and option C includes Islam and Christianity but adds Hinduism. Only option D has all three and no other.

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