Environmental Protection in India Questions and Answers

Q: Which of the following is included in the Central Government's power under Section 3(2)(ii) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 ?

Clause (ii) of Section 3(2) covers planning and execution of a nation-wide programme for the prevention, control and abatement of environmental pollution.Section 3(2) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 lists the measures the Central Government may take. Clause (i) is co-ordination of action by the States, and clause (ii) is the nation-wide programme.The other three are real powers but sit in other clauses: laying down standards for the quality of the environment is clause (iii), carrying out and sponsoring investigations and research is clause (ix), and collection and dissemination of information is clause (xii). The question tests the clause number, not whether the power exists.

Q: Which of the following Articles of the Constitution of India forms the primary legislative basis for the Parliament enacting the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 ?

The basis is Article 253.The Preamble to the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 records that India took part in the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment at Stockholm in June 1972, which resolved to take steps to preserve natural resources including the quality of air, and that it is considered necessary to implement those decisions. Parliament therefore enacted it under Article 253, its power to legislate to give effect to international agreements and decisions of international conferences.Article 252 is the trap: the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 was passed under it on the resolutions of State Legislatures, but the Air Act was not. Article 233 deals with the appointment of district judges.

Q: A mandatory PUC Certificate is provided under which Section and Rule ?

The PUC requirement rests on Section 190(2) of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 and Rules 115 and 116 of the Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989.Rule 115 prescribes the emission standards for motor vehicles and requires every vehicle, after its first year, to carry a valid 'Pollution Under Control' certificate. Rule 116 provides for testing vehicles for smoke density and emissions and for action against vehicles that fail. Section 190(2) punishes driving or causing a vehicle to be driven in contravention of the standards on road safety, noise control and air pollution.The other options pair sections and rules on unrelated subjects; Section 177, for example, is the general penalty for offences with no specific penalty, and Section 160 concerns furnishing particulars of a vehicle involved in an accident.

Q: Tiger is protected animal in which Schedule of the Wildlife Protection Act ?

The tiger is protected under Schedule 1 of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.Schedule I lists the species that receive the highest protection: hunting them is banned throughout India and offences carry the heaviest penalties. The tiger, India's national animal, is listed there along with the lion, the elephant, the snow leopard and others.Schedule II also gives a high level of protection, but to a different list of species. Schedule III covers species such as some deer with lesser penalties, and 'Appendix' is a term of CITES, the international trade convention, not a schedule of the Indian Act.

Q: The CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board) is constituted under :

The CPCB is constituted under Section 3(1) of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974.The Water Act, 1974 was India's first major pollution control law. Section 3 provides for the constitution of the Central Board for the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, which was later renamed the Central Pollution Control Board. Section 4 of the same Act provides for the State Pollution Control Boards.The Air Act, 1981 gave the same Board functions in respect of air pollution but did not create it, and the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 came twelve years after the Board was constituted, so the options citing those Acts are wrong.

Which of the following is included in the Central Government's power under Section 3(2)(ii) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 ?

A.Collection and dissemination of information in respect of matters relating to environmental pollution
B.Laying down standards for the quality of the environment in its various aspects
C.Planning and execution of a nation-wide programme for the prevention, control and abatement of environmental pollution
D.Carrying out and sponsoring investigations and research relating to problems of environmental pollution

Exam Year(s)

AIBE - 2026,

Answer: C

Clause (ii) of Section 3(2) covers planning and execution of a nation-wide programme for the prevention, control and abatement of environmental pollution.

Section 3(2) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 lists the measures the Central Government may take. Clause (i) is co-ordination of action by the States, and clause (ii) is the nation-wide programme.

The other three are real powers but sit in other clauses: laying down standards for the quality of the environment is clause (iii), carrying out and sponsoring investigations and research is clause (ix), and collection and dissemination of information is clause (xii). The question tests the clause number, not whether the power exists.

Discuss in Forum

Which of the following Articles of the Constitution of India forms the primary legislative basis for the Parliament enacting the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 ?

A.Article 252
B.Article 233
C.Article 253
D.None of the above

Exam Year(s)

AIBE - 2026,

Answer: C

The basis is Article 253.

The Preamble to the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 records that India took part in the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment at Stockholm in June 1972, which resolved to take steps to preserve natural resources including the quality of air, and that it is considered necessary to implement those decisions. Parliament therefore enacted it under Article 253, its power to legislate to give effect to international agreements and decisions of international conferences.

Article 252 is the trap: the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 was passed under it on the resolutions of State Legislatures, but the Air Act was not. Article 233 deals with the appointment of district judges.

Discuss in Forum

A mandatory PUC Certificate is provided under which Section and Rule ?

A.Section 120(3) of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 and Rules 122 and 123 of the Centre Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989
B.Section 190(2) of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 and Rules 115 and 116 of the Centre Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989
C.Section 160(1) of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 and Rules 109 and 110 of the Centre Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989
D.Section 177(3) of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 and Rules 117 and 118 of the Centre Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989

Exam Year(s)

AIBE - 2026,

Answer: B

The PUC requirement rests on Section 190(2) of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 and Rules 115 and 116 of the Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989.

Rule 115 prescribes the emission standards for motor vehicles and requires every vehicle, after its first year, to carry a valid 'Pollution Under Control' certificate. Rule 116 provides for testing vehicles for smoke density and emissions and for action against vehicles that fail. Section 190(2) punishes driving or causing a vehicle to be driven in contravention of the standards on road safety, noise control and air pollution.

The other options pair sections and rules on unrelated subjects; Section 177, for example, is the general penalty for offences with no specific penalty, and Section 160 concerns furnishing particulars of a vehicle involved in an accident.

Discuss in Forum

The 'Protected Areas' covering the Sanctuaries, National Parks, Conservation/Community Reserves and Tiger Reserves are notified under which Chapter of The Wildlife Protection Act-1972?

A.Chapter - V
B.Chapter - IV
C.Chapter - VI
D.Chapter - X

Exam Year(s)

DSSSB - 2023,

Answer: B

The Protected Areas, meaning sanctuaries, national parks, conservation reserves and community reserves, are notified under Chapter IV of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Chapter IV is headed Protected Areas, and the provisions on tiger reserves are placed in the sub-chapter added to it by the 2006 amendment.

Chapter V is a different subject, trade or commerce in wild animals, animal articles and trophies, and Chapter VI deals with the prevention and detection of offences. The later chapters cover other matters, so none of them is the home of the provisions on notifying sanctuaries and national parks.

Discuss in Forum

In which section of The Water (Prevention And Control of Pollution) Act, 1974,"Power to take samples of effluents and procedure to be followed in connection therewith" has been discussed?

A.Section - 23
B.Section - 22
C.Section - 25
D.Section - 21

Exam Year(s)

DSSSB - 2023,

Answer: D

The power to take samples of effluents and the procedure to be followed in connection with them is in Section 21 of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974: the State Board or an authorised officer may take samples of effluent from any stream, well or sewer, or of trade effluent, and have them analysed.

Section 23 gives the power of entry and inspection and Section 25 provides restrictions on new outlets and new discharges, so those are different provisions. Section 22 is a neighbouring provision on another step of the process and is not the sampling provision.

Discuss in Forum

The National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) has been constituted under which of the following act?

A.The Environment Protection Act-1986
B.Bio Diversity Act, 1991
C.Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
D.The Environment Protection Act-2005

Exam Year(s)

DSSSB - 2023,

Answer: C

The National Tiger Conservation Authority was constituted under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, through the 2006 amendment that added the chapter on the Tiger Conservation Authority and the Tiger and Other Endangered Species Crime Control Bureau.

The Environment (Protection) Act is of 1986, and there is no Environment Protection Act of 2005. The Biological Diversity Act was passed in 2002, not 1991, and it set up the National Biodiversity Authority, not the NTCA.

Discuss in Forum

Choose the correct Option on the basis of an Assertion (A) and reasons (R) given below. Assertion(A):- Central Pollution Control Board has been described in section 3 of the Air-Prevention and Control of Pollution-Act-1981.

Reason(R):- Definition of Air pollution has been discussed in section 2 of the Air-Prevention and Control of Pollution-Act-1981.

A.A is false, but R is true
B.Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
C.Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
D.A is true, but R is false

Exam Year(s)

DSSSB - 2023,

Answer: C

Both statements are true but the Reason does not explain the Assertion, so the answer is both correct, R not the correct explanation of A. Section 3 of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 provides for the Central Pollution Control Board, and Section 2 is the definitions section, which defines air pollution.

The fact that air pollution is defined in Section 2 does not make the Central Board appear in Section 3; the two are separate provisions. The options calling either statement false are wrong, and the option saying R explains A is also wrong.

Discuss in Forum

"Hunting of wild animals to be permitted in certain cases." Which section of The Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, has been discussed here?

A.Section - 11
B.Section - 15
C.Section - 21
D.Section - 22

Exam Year(s)

DSSSB - 2023,

Answer: A

The heading hunting of wild animals to be permitted in certain cases is that of Section 11 of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, which allows the Chief Wild Life Warden to permit the hunting of a wild animal that has become dangerous to human life or is so disabled or diseased as to be beyond recovery.

Sections 21 and 22 are in the chapter on protected areas and deal with the proclamation and inquiry by the Collector when a sanctuary is declared, and Section 15 is also in that chapter, so none of them concerns the permission to hunt.

Discuss in Forum

Tiger is protected animal in which Schedule of the Wildlife Protection Act ?

A.Schedule 1
B.Schedule 2
C.Schedule 3
D.Appendix

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: A

The tiger is protected under Schedule 1 of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.

Schedule I lists the species that receive the highest protection: hunting them is banned throughout India and offences carry the heaviest penalties. The tiger, India's national animal, is listed there along with the lion, the elephant, the snow leopard and others.

Schedule II also gives a high level of protection, but to a different list of species. Schedule III covers species such as some deer with lesser penalties, and 'Appendix' is a term of CITES, the international trade convention, not a schedule of the Indian Act.

Discuss in Forum

10.

The CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board) is constituted under :

A.S. 3(1) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
B.S. 3(1) of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
C.S. 4(3) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
D.S. 7(1) of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: B

The CPCB is constituted under Section 3(1) of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974.

The Water Act, 1974 was India's first major pollution control law. Section 3 provides for the constitution of the Central Board for the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, which was later renamed the Central Pollution Control Board. Section 4 of the same Act provides for the State Pollution Control Boards.

The Air Act, 1981 gave the same Board functions in respect of air pollution but did not create it, and the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 came twelve years after the Board was constituted, so the options citing those Acts are wrong.

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