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Personality, Motivation, Emotion and Stress Questions and Answers

1.

Which approach adheres to the concept that organisms have needs (internal physiological imbalances) that produce drive?

Exam Year(s)

DSSSB PGT - 2023,

Answer: A

The key gives the adaptive act. I could not trace this classification to a source I could verify, so the key is followed as printed. The idea in the stem, that an internal physiological imbalance creates a need and the need produces a drive that energises behaviour, belongs to drive-reduction accounts of motivation. The instinct mechanism instead relies on inborn behaviour patterns, so it is not the approach the stem describes.

In drive-reduction thinking, behaviour is directed at removing the imbalance, and satisfying the need lowers the drive.

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2.

Which of the following statements is true in respect of Cannon-Bard theory of emotions?

Exam Year(s)

DSSSB PGT - 2023,

Answer: C

The key gives the statement that the sympathetic nervous system is activated on receiving information from the thalamus. In the Cannon-Bard theory the thalamus sends signals at the same moment to the cerebral cortex, producing the emotional experience, and to the autonomic nervous system, producing arousal.

Physiological changes preceding the experience is the James-Lange view. The cortex being activated before the parasympathetic system does not describe the theory either, and 'emotional experiences are of objective nature' is not part of it.

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3.

In which of the given theories of emotion, must both the physiological arousal and the actual interpretation of that arousal, occur before the emotion is experienced?

Exam Year(s)

DSSSB PGT - 2023,

Answer: A

Schachter and Singer's two-factor theory needs both physiological arousal and the person's cognitive interpretation of that arousal before an emotion is experienced. The same arousal can be labelled as joy or anger depending on the situation.

In the Cannon-Bard theory arousal and experience occur together, and the facial feedback hypothesis says muscle changes in the face lead to the feeling. Cognitive-mediational theory puts appraisal of the situation first and does not require arousal first.

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4.

The phenomenon that is dynamic situation-specific reaction to stress is known as:

Exam Year(s)

DSSSB PGT - 2023,

Answer: B

A dynamic, situation-specific reaction to stress is called coping, the effort to manage the demands that are judged to exceed one's resources. Management and control are general words for handling things, and regulation is used for control of emotion or physiological states. Coping is the term psychologists use for the response to a stressor.

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5.

Which of the following is also known as cognitive arousal theory of emotions?

Exam Year(s)

DSSSB PGT - 2023,

Answer: C

The Schachter-Singer theory is also called the cognitive arousal theory (or two-factor theory) of emotion, because an emotion arises from physiological arousal together with a cognitive label given to it. The Cannon-Bard theory holds that arousal and experience occur together, the facial feedback hypothesis links emotion to facial muscle feedback, and the cognitive-mediational theory stresses appraisal before arousal.

Schachter and Singer's experiments injected adrenaline and put people in either an angry or a euphoric setting, and their reported emotion followed the setting.

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6.

According to Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, after perception of the emotion-provoking stimulus, the thalamus conveys the information to which of the following?

1. Skeletal muscles
2. Cerebral cortex
3. Parasympathetic nervous system

Exam Year(s)

DSSSB PGT - 2023,

Answer: B

According to the Cannon-Bard theory, the thalamus sends the information at the same time to the cerebral cortex, which gives the emotional experience, and to the skeletal muscles and the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, which produce the bodily reaction. So 1 and 2 are right, and the options including 3 are wrong, because the parasympathetic system is not the one the theory names for the arousal route.

Skeletal muscles carry out the bodily action, and the cortex adds the feeling, so both pathways begin together from the thalamus.

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7.

With which name is that self known, which emerges in relation with others, and emphasises such aspects of life as cooperation, unity, affiliation, sacrifice, support or sharing?

1. Social self
2. Relational self
3. Biological self
4. Familial self

Exam Year(s)

DSSSB PGT - 2023,

Answer: D

The key is Only 1, 2 and 4: the social self, the relational self and the familial self. The self that emerges in relation with others and stresses cooperation, unity, affiliation, sacrifice, support and sharing is described in these terms in the Indian psychology literature on the self. The biological self is the body-based sense of self, so options containing 3 are wrong.

The key's three selves share the idea that the self is defined through links with other people, in contrast to the biological self, which is rooted in the body and its needs.

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8.

Which of the following does NOT come under the broad cluster of domains of motivation?

Exam Year(s)

DSSSB PGT - 2023,

Answer: D

'Response' does not belong to the broad cluster of domains of motivation. Motivation is usually discussed in terms of needs, drives, incentives and goals, which are the forces that start and direct behaviour. A response is the behaviour that results, and is a learning concept. Goals, drives and incentives are all named domains.

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9.

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Exam Year(s)

DSSSB PGT - 2023,

Answer: D

'Interest is not an emotion' is the statement that is not true. Interest is treated as an emotion, among the basic emotions in several classifications, which is a state of arousal directed to an object. The other three statements are true: feeling is the pleasure-pain dimension of an emotion, mood is a longer-lasting affective state, and emotion is a subjective feeling that includes bodily changes and expression.

Interest is regarded as a basic emotion by some psychologists such as Izard, who include interest-excitement among the basic emotions.

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10.

Which perspective views human behaviour as resulting from interaction of external and internal factors?

Exam Year(s)

DSSSB PGT - 2023,

Answer: D

The situational perspective views behaviour as the result of an interaction between external (situational) and internal (personal) factors. The intrapersonal perspective looks only at factors inside the person, the interpersonal perspective at relations between persons, and the dimensional perspective describes people along trait dimensions. Only the situational perspective stresses the interaction asked about.

The situational perspective is the same as the interactional view that behaviour is a function of the person and the environment together.

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