Wildlife and Forest Management Questions and Answers

Answer: C

The kancha system of grazing is practised in Andhra Pradesh.

Kanchas are traditional village grazing lands of the Telugu-speaking region (Andhra Pradesh and today's Telangana), protected and regulated by the village community so that livestock can graze them in turn.

Bihar, Gujarat and Punjab have their own grazing lands, such as the gauchar of Gujarat, but the kancha system belongs to Andhra Pradesh.

Answer: B

Seizing possession of forest land is called encroachment.

Encroachment is the unauthorised occupation of forest land, for example for cultivation, houses or other construction, without any legal right. It is one of the major problems of forest management in India and is an offence under forest law.

Enforcement is the action taken to apply the law, the opposite of encroachment. Purchase is a lawful transfer, and forest land cannot simply be bought for private use. Since encroachment is the right term, 'None of the above' is wrong.

Answer: D

The run-off coefficient is 0.10.

The run-off coefficient is the fraction of rainfall that flows off the surface instead of soaking in. Forest cover with a thick litter layer, combined with sandy or gravelly soil and above-average infiltration, lets most rain sink in, so standard tables give such areas the lowest coefficient, about 0.10.

Higher values such as 0.20, 0.30 and 0.40 apply to heavier soils, grassland, cultivated land or built-up areas, where more of the rain runs off.

Answer: D

Poor water yield in terms of quantity and quality is not a cause of watershed deterioration.

Poor water yield is a result of a degraded watershed: when the catchment is damaged, rain runs off quickly, springs dry up and the water carries silt.

Unscientific mining and quarrying, faulty road alignment and construction, which cause erosion and landslides, and the apathy of the people towards conservation are all causes of watershed deterioration.

Answer: C

Industrial firms generally adopt the technical rotation.

A technical rotation is the period in which a species produces the largest yield of material of the size or quality needed for a particular use, such as pulpwood, match wood or poles. An industrial firm that owns forest grows wood for its own processing, so it fixes the rotation by the raw material its mill needs.

The rotation of maximum volume aims at the greatest quantity of wood, the rotation of highest income at the best financial return, and the physical rotation at the natural life span of the tree or its regeneration.