The stacked bar chart below shows the production of three different crops (Wheat, Rice, and Maize) in a state over six years (in lakh tonnes). Study the chart to answer the questions.
What was the total production of all three crops combined in the year 2018?
Answer: B
Add the three segments of the 2018 bar.
\[ \text{wheat } 60 + \text{rice } 50 + \text{maize } 50 = 160 \text{ lakh tonnes} \]
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The production of Wheat in 2016 is what percentage of the production of Rice in 2020?
Answer: C
Production of Wheat in 2016 = 40 lakh tonnes.
Production of Rice in 2020 = 50 lakh tonnes.
Required Percentage = \(\frac{\text{Wheat 2016}}{\text{Rice 2020}} \times 100\)
= \(\frac{40}{50} \times 100 = 80\)%.
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For which crop and in which year was the percentage increase in production from the previous year the highest?
Answer: A
Correct answer: Wheat in 2018
Each option needs its increase measured against the previous year, then expressed as a percentage of that previous year.
Wheat in 2018: from 40 to 60, so \(\tfrac{20}{40}\times 100 = 50\%\).
Rice in 2017: from 30 to 40, so \(\tfrac{10}{30}\times 100 = 33.33\%\).
Maize in 2019: from 50 to 55, so \(\tfrac{5}{50}\times 100 = 10\%\).
Wheat in 2020: from 65 to 70, so \(\tfrac{5}{65}\times 100 = 7.69\%\).
Wheat in 2018 is the largest at 50%. Note that it also has the largest absolute rise, 20 lakh tonnes, but that is coincidence - percentage growth depends on the base, which is why the smaller 2017 Rice rise of 10 still outranks the equal-sized 2019 Maize and 2020 Wheat rises of 5.
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What is the average production of Maize over all the given years?
Answer: B
Correct answer: 45.33 lakh tonnes
Read the Maize series across all six years and add.
\[35 + 40 + 50 + 50 + 55 + 42 = 272\]
\[\text{Average} = \frac{272}{6} = 45.33 \text{ lakh tonnes}\]
The 2020 figure of 42 is the only fall in the series, and it is what pulls the average below 46.
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A bar graph shows the production of rice (in million tonnes) in a country for 5 consecutive years. Study the chart and answer the questions that follow.
What is the percentage increase in production from 2018 to 2019?
Answer: B
Read the two bars: 125 million tonnes in 2018 and 140 in 2019.
\[ \frac{140 - 125}{125} \times 100 = \frac{15}{125} \times 100 = 12\% \]
The increase is measured against the earlier year, which is the base.
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The production in 2017 was approximately what percent of the average production over the given years?
Answer: B
First, find the average production.
Total production = 120 + 127 + 125 + 140 + 145 = 657 million tonnes.
Average production = 657 / 5 = 131.4 million tonnes.
Production in 2017 = 127 million tonnes.
Required percentage = \(\frac{127}{131.4} \times 100 \approx 96.65\)%, which is approximately 96%.
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A bar graph shows the production of rice (in million tonnes) in a country for 5 consecutive years. Study the chart and answer the questions that follow.
What is the percentage increase in production from 2018 to 2019?
Answer: B
Read the two bars: 125 million tonnes in 2018 and 140 in 2019.
\[ \frac{140 - 125}{125} \times 100 = \frac{15}{125} \times 100 = 12\% \]
The increase is measured against the earlier year, which is the base.
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The production in 2017 was approximately what percent of the average production over the given years?
Answer: B
Correct answer: 98%
First find the average over the five years.
\[120 + 130 + 125 + 140 + 145 = 660 \text{ million tonnes}\]
\[\text{Average} = \frac{660}{5} = 132\]
The 2017 figure is 130, so as a percentage of the average:
\[\frac{130}{132} \times 100 = 98.48\% \approx 98\%\]
2017 sits marginally below the five-year average, which is why the answer is just under 100%.
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The following line graph shows the population of a town (in thousands) in different years. Study the graph and answer the questions that follow.
What was the average population of the town over all the years?
Answer: A
To find the average, we sum the populations and divide by the number of years.
Total population = 50 + 55 + 62 + 70 + 75 + 82 = 394 thousand.
Number of years = 6.
Average = \(\frac{394}{6} = 65.666...\) thousand, which is approximately 65,667.
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The population in 2016 was what percentage of the population in 2020?
Answer: B
Read the two years off the graph: 55 thousand in 2016 and 82 thousand in 2020.
\[ \frac{55}{82} \times 100 = 67.07\% \]
The base is the 2020 figure, since the question asks what 2016 was of 2020.
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