At this stage of civilisation, when many nations are brought into close and vital contact for good and evil, it is essential, as never before, that their gross ignorance of one another should be diminished, that they should begin to understand a little of one another's historical experience and resulting mentality. It is the fault of the English to expect the people of other countries to react as they do, to political and international situations. Our genuine goodwill and good intentions are often brought to nothing, because we expect other people to be like us. This would be corrected if we knew the history, not necessarily in detail but in broad outlines, of the social and political conditions which have given to each nation its present character.
The character of a nation is the result of its...
Answer: C
Correct answer: Socio-political conditions
The passage names the cause explicitly: the social and political conditions which have given to each nation its present character. Mentality is a parallel result rather than a cause, and gross ignorance is the problem the passage sets out to cure.
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The need for a greater understanding between nations..
Answer: A
Correct answer: Is more today than ever before
The opening words are at this stage of civilisation… it is essential, as never before. As never before is decisive: the need is not merely present but greater now than at any earlier time, because nations are in close and vital contact.
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Englishmen like others to react to political situations like..
Answer: C
Correct answer: Themselves
The passage says it is the fault of the English to expect the people of other countries to react as they do - that is, as the English themselves react. Us would be the wrong person for a sentence written about them in the third person.
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According to the author his countrymen should..
Answer: C
Correct answer: have a better understanding of other nations
The passage says the fault of the English is to expect the people of other countries to react as they do, and that this would be corrected if we knew the history… of the social and political conditions which have given to each nation its present character. Contact already exists - the passage opens by saying nations are in close and vital contact; what is missing is understanding.
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In the world today we make health an end in itself. We have forgotten that health is really a means to enable a person to do his work and do it well. a lot of modern medicine and this includes many patients as well as many physicians pays very little attention to health but very much attention to those who imagine that they are ill. Our great concern with health is shown by the medical columns in newspapers. the health articles in popular magazines and the popularity of television programmes and all those books on medicine. We talk about health all the time. Yet for the most part the only result is more people with imaginary illness. The healthy man should not be wasting time talking about health: he should be using health for work. He should be doing the work that good health makes possible.
Modern medicine is primarily concerned with
Answer: B
Correct answer: People suffering from imaginary illness
The passage says modern medicine pays very little attention to health but very much attention to those who imagine that they are ill. Promoting good health is exactly what it says medicine neglects.
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The passage suggests that
Answer: C
Correct answer: Health is only means to an end
The passage's thesis is stated twice: we make health an end in itself, forgetting that health is really a means to enable a person to do his work and do it well. The first option is the error the passage identifies, not its view.
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Talking about the health all time makes people
Answer: D
Correct answer: Often suffer from imaginary illness
The passage says that although we talk about health all the time, for the most part the only result is more people with imaginary illness. For the most part is a statement of frequency without claiming it always happens, which is what often preserves.
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The passage tells us
Answer: B
Correct answer: What healthy man should or should not do
The passage ends with a direct prescription: the healthy man should not be wasting time talking about health: he should be using health for work. The medical columns, magazines and television programmes are cited as evidence of the habit being criticised, not as the subject.
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A healthy man should be concerned with
Answer: A
Correct answer: His work which good health makes possible
The passage says he should be using health for work and doing the work that good health makes possible. The third option reverses the relation, making work the servant of health rather than health the servant of work.
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It is to progress in the human sciences that we must look to undo the evils which have resulted from a knowledge of physical world hastily and superficially acquired by populations unconscious of the changes in themselves that the new knowledge has made imperative. The road to a happier world than any known in the past lies open before us if atavistic destructive passions can be kept in leash while the necessary adaptations are made. Fears are inevitable in time, but hopes are equally rational and far more likely to bear good fruit. We must learn to think rather less of the dangers to be avoided than of the good that will lie within our grasp if we can believe in it and let it dominate our thoughts. Science, whatever unpleasant consequences it may have by the way, is in its very nature a liberator, a liberator from bondage to physical nature and in time to come, a liberator from the weight of destructive passions. We are on the threshold of utter disaster or unprecedentedly glorious achievement. No previous age has been fraught with problems so momentous; and it is to science that we must look to for a happy future.
What does science liberate us from?
Answer: B
Correct answer: Slavery to physical nature and from passions
The passage says science is a liberator from bondage to physical nature and in time to come, a liberator from the weight of destructive passions. Both halves must be kept: the option naming only physical nature stops at the first, and fear is not what the sentence says science frees us from.
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