Which of phrases given below each sentence should replace the phrase to make the grammatically correct?
In addition to enhanced their reputations through strategic use of philanthropy, companies are sponsoring social initiatives to open new markets
Answer: D
It should read to enhancing their reputation.
In addition to is a prepositional phrase, and to here is a preposition, not the marker of an infinitive - so it takes the gerund. The same rule governs look forward to seeing and object to being told.
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He found the gold coin as he cleans the floor.
Answer: D
It should read while cleaning.
The two actions were simultaneous and share a subject, so the reduced clause while cleaning is the neat form. As he cleans puts a present tense beside the past found, which cannot stand.
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There are not many men who are so famous that they are frequently referred to by their short names only
Answer: C
It should read initials.
Men referred to by two or three letters - J.F.K., M.K.G. - are known by their initials, not their short names. A short name would be a nickname or a shortened form, which is a different thing.
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Shapes of gods and goddess are worshipped by people.
Answer: A
It should read images.
What is worshipped is an image of a god - a representation made for that purpose. A shape is merely a form, and carries none of the sense of a made likeness.
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The population of Tokyo is greater than that of any other town in the world.
Answer: A
No correction is required.
The comparison is between one population and another, so that of any other town supplies the second term correctly. Greater than any other town would compare a population with a town, which is the error the sentence has already avoided.
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He is too important for tolerating any delay.
Answer: A
It should read to tolerate.
Too ... to is the fixed construction: too important to tolerate any delay. Too ... for takes a noun, not a gerund clause.
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The performance of our players was rather worst than I had expected.
Answer: A
It should read worse than I had expected.
Worse is the comparative and worst the superlative; a comparison between two things - the performance and the expectation - takes the comparative. Rather worst is impossible for the same reason.
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I need not offer any explanation regarding this incident – my behaviour is speaking itself.
Answer: D
It should read speaks for itself.
To speak for itself is the fixed idiom - the evidence needs no explanation from me. Speaking about or to itself would mean something quite different, and the present simple is right for a general truth.
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He confidentially asked the crowd if they thought he was right and the crowd shouted that they did.
Answer: B
No correction is required.
In reported speech the crowd shouted that they did echoes the question he was right with the auxiliary did standing for thought so. The pronoun they matches the crowd as the speakers, and the tense sequence is consistent.
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The small child does whatever his father was done.
Answer: D
It should read does.
The main verb is present - the child does whatever - so the subordinate clause must be present too. Whatever his father does is the habitual action being copied; was done is passive and past, and fits neither.
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