In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
In economics, the term recession generally describes the reduction of a country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for at least two quarters. A recession is...( I )...by rising unemployment, increase in government borrowing,...( II )..., of share and stock prices, and falling investment. All of these characteristics have effects on people. Some recessions have been anticipated by stock market declines. The real estate market also usually...( III )...before a recession. During an economic decline, high...( IV )... stocks such as financial services, pharmaceuticals and tobacco...( V )...to hold up better. However, when the economy starts to recover growth, stocks tend to recover faster. There is significant disagreement about how health care and utilities tend to...( VI )... In 2008, an economic recession was suggested by several important indicators of economic downturn. These...( VII )...high oil prices, which led to...( VIII )...high food prices due to a dependence of food production on petroleum, as well as using food crop products such as ethanol and biodiesel as an...( IX )...to petroleum; and global inflation; a substantial credit crisis in which well ...( X )... investment banks as well as commercial banks in various nations came under pressure, and signs of contemporaneous economic downturns in major economics of the world, a global recession.
Choose the best word in place of ( VII ) from the given passage
Answer: D
Correct answer: included
These refers to the indicators just mentioned, and the blank introduces the list that follows, so it must be a finite past-tense verb meaning comprised. Encompass is present tense and would not agree with the past narrative, and numbered would count them rather than name them.
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Choose the best word in place of ( VIII ) from the given passage
Answer: C
Correct answer: abnormally
The blank modifies the adjective high, so it must be an adverb; fearful, dangerous, healthy and nutritious are all adjectives and cannot modify another adjective.
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Choose the best word in place of ( IX ) from the given passage
Answer: A
Correct answer: alternative
The phrase is an alternative to petroleum, and to after the blank settles it: alternative takes to, whereas substitute takes for. Element and integral do not fit the sense of a replacement fuel.
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Choose the best word in place of ( X ) from the given passage
Answer: E
Correct answer: established
The blank modifies investment banks and follows the adverb well, so it must be a past participle that well can qualify. Well established is the standard pairing, and it makes the point of the sentence - that even long-standing banks came under pressure. Wealthy and costly are adjectives that well cannot modify.
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In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
Indeed, much progress in this...( I )...has already been made as a...( II )...of the combined...( III )...of the government and the people of the state and the...( IV )...initiative provided by Central Government under Prime Minister...( V )...leadership. The results of...( VI )...efforts are there for all to see. Prices of...( VII )...commodities and other goods have...( VIII )...considerably. The rate of inflation...( IX )...fallen to gratifying figure of...( X )...minus 3, the...( XI)...in the world. There is complete harmony in...( XII )...public and private sector establishments and...( XIII )...is bound to lead to...( XIV )...industrial and agricultural production. Is it a hope or a...( XV )...
Choose the best word in place of ( I ) from the given passage
Answer: B
Correct answer: Regard
The fixed phrase is in this regard, meaning on this matter, and it is always singular. Regards belongs only to the plural greeting at the end of a letter, and behalf, way and respect would each need a different preposition.
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Choose the best word in place of ( II ) from the given passage
Answer: C
Correct answer: Result
As a result of is a fixed phrase, and the blank follows the article a, so a noun is required. Resultant and resulting are adjectives, resulted a verb, and resultify is not a word.
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Choose the best word in place of ( III ) from the given passage
Answer: C
Correct answer: Efforts
Combined implies more than one contributor, and the sentence names two - the government and the people - so the plural is needed. Progress and movement are not things that are combined in this sense.
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Choose the best word in place of ( IV ) from the given passage
Answer: C
Correct answer: Required
The blank modifies initiative, so an adjective is needed. Welcomes is a verb and initialization a noun, which leaves proper, welcome and required. Of these, required is the one that ties the Centre's initiative to the need the paragraph has just described.
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Choose the best word in place of ( V ) from the given passage
Answer: C
Correct answer: Inspiring
The blank modifies leadership and so must be an adjective. Inspires and stabilize are verbs; between inspiring and stable, only the first is the customary word for leadership that moves people to act.
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Choose the best word in place of ( VI ) from the given passage
Answer: B
Correct answer: These
The blank stands before the plural efforts and points back to the work described in the sentence before, so a plural demonstrative referring to something near at hand is needed. This is singular, and those would place the efforts at a distance the passage does not intend.
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