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Geographic Thought Questions and Answers

141.

Identify the wrong pair :

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: D

The wrong pair is L.D. Stamp with 'Frontiers in Geographical Teaching', option D. That book was edited by Richard Chorley and Peter Haggett. The other pairs are correct: Herbertson wrote on the major natural regions of the globe, H.R. Mill wrote 'The Realm of Nature', and Peter Haggett wrote 'Locational Analysis in Human Geography'. The other options name places, people or terms that the subject does not connect with this question, so only the keyed option stands.

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142.

The concept of Paradigm was propounded by

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: A

The concept of the paradigm was propounded by Thomas Kuhn, option A, in his book 'The Structure of Scientific Revolutions' of 1962, in which a paradigm is the set of beliefs and methods shared by a scientific community. Soja, Hall and Mumford are known for work on space, planning and the city, and not for the concept of the paradigm, so options B, C and D are wrong. The other options name places, people or terms that the subject does not connect with this question, so only the keyed option stands.

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143.

Match the following and answer from the codes :

List - IList - II
a. A Hundred Years of GeographyI. Griffith Taylor
b. Geography in the Twentieth CenturyII. T.W. Freeman
c. Man and NatureIII. E.C. Semple
d. Influences of Geographic EnvironmentIV. G.P. Marsh

Codes : a b c d

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: D

The correct matching is a-II, b-I, c-IV, d-III, option D. 'A Hundred Years of Geography' is by T.W. Freeman, 'Geography in the Twentieth Century' is by Griffith Taylor, 'Man and Nature' is by G.P. Marsh, and 'Influences of Geographic Environment' is by Ellen Churchill Semple. Options A, B and C give at least two of the books to the wrong author. Each row is checked against the four codes in turn, since a single wrongly paired item rules a code out and only one code is right for all four rows.

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144.

Nomothetic approach in geography emphasizes upon ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2014,

Answer: B

The nomothetic approach in geography emphasises law-making studies.

Nomothetic means law-giving. It seeks general laws and theories that apply to many places, as in the quantitative and systematic approach, in contrast to the idiographic approach, which describes unique places.

Inductive and empirical study (options A and D) are methods and do not name the emphasis on laws, and the ideographic study (option C) is the opposite of nomothetic.

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145.

Which one of the following pairs does not match correctly ? Author Book

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2014,

Answer: C

The pair that does not match correctly is Al-Masudi with Routes and Realms.

Al-Masudi is the author of Muruj al-Dhahab (Meadows of Gold). The work Routes and Realms (Kitab al-Masalik wa'l-Mamalik) is by other Arab geographers, such as Ibn Khurdadhbih and Al-Istakhri.

Ibn Khaldun wrote the Muqaddimah, Al-Balkhi wrote Kitab al-Ashkal, and Al-Biruni wrote Kitab al-Hind, so the pairs in options A, B and D are correct.

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146.

Match List - I with List - II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :

List - I (Geographers)List - II (Concepts Developed)
i. F. Ratzela. Landscape Science
ii. C. Ritterb. Areal differentiation
iii. R. Hartshornec. Teleological view
iv. O. Schluterd. Social Darwinism

Codes : a b c d

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2014,

Answer: A

The correct match is Ratzel with social Darwinism, Ritter with the teleological view, Hartshorne with areal differentiation and Schluter with landscape science, so a is iv, b is iii, c is ii and d is i.

Ratzel applied biological ideas to states and peoples, Ritter saw a divine plan in the earth's design, Hartshorne described geography as the study of areal differentiation, and Schluter founded landscape science in Germany.

The other codes give these concepts to the wrong geographers, such as areal differentiation to Ritter.

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147.

Which one of the following is in correct sequence in the development of German geographical thought.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2014,

Answer: B

The correct sequence in the development of German geographical thought is Peschel, Ratzel, Hettner and Troll.

Oscar Peschel was a mid-nineteenth century geographer, Friedrich Ratzel followed with anthropogeography, Alfred Hettner developed the chorological view around 1900, and Carl Troll developed landscape ecology in the twentieth century.

The other sequences place Troll before Hettner or Ratzel before Peschel, which does not follow their dates.

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148.

Who coined the term 'Cosmography' and divided it into uranography and Geography ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2014,

Answer: D

The term cosmography divided into uranography and geography is credited in the key to A. Humboldt.

Humboldt's Kosmos treated the universe as an ordered whole, describing the heavens (uranography) and the earth (geography). The key follows Hartshorne's account of the division.

Peschel (option A) and Ritter (option B) are other German geographers and are not credited with it, and Varenius (option C) divided geography into general and special parts, not cosmography into two.

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149.

The book entitled "Perspective on Nature of Geography (1959)" was authored by

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2014,

Answer: C

Perspective on the Nature of Geography (1959) was written by Richard Hartshorne.

It is a sequel to his earlier work The Nature of Geography, and it defends the idea of geography as the study of areal differentiation.

Semple (option A) wrote Influences of Geographic Environment, Kjellen (option B) coined the word geopolitics, and Bowman (option D) wrote The New World, so none of them wrote this work.

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150.

The statement - "Systematic geography must move into theoretical spheres and Regional Geography into a search for generic and not unique studies" was made by

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2014,

Answer: C

The statement that systematic geography must move into theoretical spheres, and regional geography into a search for generic and not unique studies, was made by William Bunge, the author of Theoretical Geography and a leading figure of the quantitative revolution.

Hartshorne defended regional geography as the study of unique areas, which is the position this remark argues against. Bowman and Haggett do not match the statement.

Bunge, working at Wayne State University, argued in his book that geography should be a theoretical science with laws and not a descriptive study of unique places.

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