Computer Fundamentals Questions and Answers

Answer: A

Mbps is a unit of internet speed.

Mbps means megabits per second, a measure of data transfer rate. Internet connections and network links are rated by how many megabits they can carry each second, for example a 100 Mbps broadband plan.

A printer's speed is measured in pages per minute (ppm), a processor's speed in gigahertz (GHz), and video resolution in pixels, such as 1920 by 1080.

Answer: D

Such an image is a thumbnail.

A thumbnail is a small preview of a larger image or video, used in galleries, file browsers and search results so that many items can be seen at once. Clicking a thumbnail usually opens the full-size image.

Clipart is ready-made artwork for inserting into documents, a bitmap is an image stored as a grid of pixels, and 'graphic' is a general word for any image. None means a reduced preview.

Answer: A

Both statements are true. Under a keyboard there is a grid of circuit traces in rows and columns, the key matrix. Pressing a key joins one row line to one column line, and the controller scans the grid to find which key was pressed. The second statement is also correct: Windows 11 is an operating system, Adobe Photoshop is an application program and Google Chrome is a browser, and all three are software rather than hardware. So the options that call either statement false are rejected.

Answer: D

Correct answer: EuroNET

EuroNET was the packet-switching network built by the European Community in the late 1970s to link its member states’ research and information services, using the X.25 protocol. Ring, star and LAN describe network shapes and scopes rather than switching techniques.

Answer: B

Correct answer: Driver

A Trojan horse, a virus and a worm are all malicious programs written to damage a system or spread through it. A device driver is legitimate system software that lets the operating system communicate with a piece of hardware.

Answer: C

Correct answer: Rotational delay

Reaching a sector takes two movements: the arm steps to the right track - the seek - and then the platter must turn until the sector passes under the head, which is the rotational delay or latency. On average it is half a revolution, so a 7200 rpm disk averages about \( \tfrac{1}{2} \times \tfrac{60}{7200} = 4.2 \) ms.

Answer: B

Correct answer: ROM

ROM is non-volatile: its contents are fixed when it is manufactured or programmed and survive with the power switched off, which is why the start-up firmware lives there. RAM loses everything when power is removed. VLSI and LSI describe scales of integration, not kinds of memory.

Answer: A

Correct answer: Output data

A report card and a merit list are what emerges when the marks have been processed - the results presented for use. That makes them output; the marks entered at the start were the input, and the calculation between them was the processing.

Answer: A

Correct answer: ROM

Firmware is the program a device needs the moment it is switched on - the BIOS that starts the machine, for instance - so it must survive with the power off and be present before any disk can be read. That calls for ROM, in practice flash memory that can be rewritten when the firmware is updated.

Answer: B

Correct answer: Interactive computer

In interactive working the user types at a keyboard, the machine responds at once, and the next entry depends on that response - a conversation. Batch processing accepts a job and returns results later with no dialogue at all, and time sharing describes how the processor is divided between users rather than the style of the exchange.