Bacteria Morphology Questions and Answers

Q: What largest bacterium of \(\gt\) 600 µm size is known to inhabit the gut of Acantharus nigrofuscus ?

The giant gut bacterium is Epulopiscium fishelsoni.Epulopiscium lives in the intestine of the brown surgeonfish Acanthurus nigrofuscus (printed 'Acantharus') and can exceed 600 µm in length, large enough to see with the naked eye. It was first taken for a protist before being identified as a bacterium.Vibrio fischeri is a bioluminescent symbiont of squid. Spirillum volutans is a large spiral bacterium, but only tens of micrometres long. Borrelia burgdorferi is the spirochaete that causes Lyme disease.

Q: A single polar flagellum is known as

Correct answer: monotrichousMonotrichous is a single flagellum at one pole - the arrangement in Vibrio cholerae and Pseudomonas. Lophotrichous is a tuft at one pole and amphitrichous flagella at both.

Q: The NAG and NAM of the peptidoglycan layer are linked by _________

Correct answer: beta-(1,4) glycosidic linkageNAG and NAM alternate along the glycan backbone, joined by β-(1,4) bonds - the linkage that gives cellulose and chitin their strength too, and the one that lysozyme cleaves. An α linkage would give a storage polymer such as starch, not a structural one.

Q: Which of the following are present in teichoic acids?

Correct answer: ribitol or glycerol residuesTeichoic acids come in two kinds, built either on ribitol phosphate or on glycerol phosphate, with the units joined by phosphodiester bonds and often carrying sugars or D-alanine. Both give the wall its negative charge.

Q: Which of the following has Chinese letter arrangement?

Correct answer: Corynebacterium diphtheriaeCorynebacterium diphtheriae divides by snapping fission, so the daughter cells swing apart but stay joined at one end, producing the V and L shapes described as a Chinese-letter arrangement.

Q: Peptidoglycan accounts for __________ of the dry weight of cell wall in many gram positive bacteria

Correct answer: 50% or morePeptidoglycan makes up half or more of the dry weight of a gram-positive wall, laid down in many layers. In gram-negative bacteria it is a single thin layer, around 10% or less, with the outer membrane accounting for much of the rest. That difference is what the Gram stain detects.

Q: Which of the following is not true about peptidoglycan?

Correct answer: None of the aboveAll three statements are correct: peptidoglycan is a polymer of NAG and NAM with short peptide chains; it is found in the prokaryotic cell wall; and the cross-linking makes it a single bag-shaped macromolecule (the sacculus) enclosing the whole cell. Since none of them is untrue, the answer is none of the above.

Q: Which of the following is surrounded by the plasmalemma?

Correct answer: protoplasmThe plasmalemma is the plasma membrane, and what it encloses is the protoplasm - the cytoplasm with its organelles and nuclei. Outside it lies the wall, and the lumen is the space within a hypha.

11.

What largest bacterium of \(\gt\) 600 µm size is known to inhabit the gut of Acantharus nigrofuscus ?

A.Vibrio fischeri
B.Spirillum volutans
C.Epulopiscium fishelsoni
D.Borrelia burgdorferi

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: C

The giant gut bacterium is Epulopiscium fishelsoni.

Epulopiscium lives in the intestine of the brown surgeonfish Acanthurus nigrofuscus (printed 'Acantharus') and can exceed 600 µm in length, large enough to see with the naked eye. It was first taken for a protist before being identified as a bacterium.

Vibrio fischeri is a bioluminescent symbiont of squid. Spirillum volutans is a large spiral bacterium, but only tens of micrometres long. Borrelia burgdorferi is the spirochaete that causes Lyme disease.

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12.

A single polar flagellum is known as

A.monotrichous
B.lophotrichous
C.amphitrichous
D.none of these

Answer: A

Correct answer: monotrichous

Monotrichous is a single flagellum at one pole - the arrangement in Vibrio cholerae and Pseudomonas. Lophotrichous is a tuft at one pole and amphitrichous flagella at both.

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13.

F pilus has a major role as___________

A.motility of the cell
B.port of entry of genetic material during mating
C.attachment to host cell
D.human infection

Answer: B

Correct answer: port of entry of genetic material during mating

The F (sex) pilus is made by a donor cell carrying the F plasmid. It attaches to a recipient and draws the two cells together, and DNA then passes from donor to recipient - the process of conjugation. Ordinary fimbriae, by contrast, are for attachment to surfaces.

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14.

The NAG and NAM of the peptidoglycan layer are linked by _________

A.beta-(1,4) glycosidic linkage
B.alpha-(1,4) glycosidic linkage
C.alpha-(1,6) glycosidic linkage
D.beta-(1,6) glycosidic linkage

Answer: A

Correct answer: beta-(1,4) glycosidic linkage

NAG and NAM alternate along the glycan backbone, joined by β-(1,4) bonds - the linkage that gives cellulose and chitin their strength too, and the one that lysozyme cleaves. An α linkage would give a storage polymer such as starch, not a structural one.

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15.

Which of the following are present in teichoic acids?

A.ribitol residues
B.glycerol residues
C.glucose residues
D.ribitol or glycerol residues

Answer: D

Correct answer: ribitol or glycerol residues

Teichoic acids come in two kinds, built either on ribitol phosphate or on glycerol phosphate, with the units joined by phosphodiester bonds and often carrying sugars or D-alanine. Both give the wall its negative charge.

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16.

Chemotaxis is a phenomenon of

A.swimming away of bacteria
B.swimming towards a bacteria
C.swimming away or towards of bacteria in presence of chemical compound
D.none of the above

Answer: C

Correct answer: swimming away or towards of bacteria in presence of chemical compound

Chemotaxis is movement in response to a chemical gradient - towards an attractant such as a sugar or amino acid, and away from a repellent. The cell cannot sense a gradient across its own length, so it compares concentrations over time, lengthening its runs when conditions improve and tumbling when they worsen.

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17.

Which of the following has Chinese letter arrangement?

A.Bacillus anthracis
B.Mycobacterium tuberculosis
C.Clostridium tetani
D.Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Answer: D

Correct answer: Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Corynebacterium diphtheriae divides by snapping fission, so the daughter cells swing apart but stay joined at one end, producing the V and L shapes described as a Chinese-letter arrangement.

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18.

Peptidoglycan accounts for __________ of the dry weight of cell wall in many gram positive bacteria

A.50% or more
B.About 10%
C.11%+ 0.22%
D.About 20%

Answer: A

Correct answer: 50% or more

Peptidoglycan makes up half or more of the dry weight of a gram-positive wall, laid down in many layers. In gram-negative bacteria it is a single thin layer, around 10% or less, with the outer membrane accounting for much of the rest. That difference is what the Gram stain detects.

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19.

Which of the following is not true about peptidoglycan?

A.It is a polymer consisting of N-acetyl glucosamine, N-acetyl muramic acid and amino acids (alanine, lysine, etc.)
B.It is present in prokaryotic cell wall
C.It occurs in the form of a bag shaped macro molecule surrounding the cytoplasm membrane
D.None of the above

Answer: D

Correct answer: None of the above

All three statements are correct: peptidoglycan is a polymer of NAG and NAM with short peptide chains; it is found in the prokaryotic cell wall; and the cross-linking makes it a single bag-shaped macromolecule (the sacculus) enclosing the whole cell. Since none of them is untrue, the answer is none of the above.

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20.

Which of the following is surrounded by the plasmalemma?

A.lumen
B.wall
C.protoplasm
D.hyphae

Answer: C

Correct answer: protoplasm

The plasmalemma is the plasma membrane, and what it encloses is the protoplasm - the cytoplasm with its organelles and nuclei. Outside it lies the wall, and the lumen is the space within a hypha.

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