Which of the following is true about pseudocode
Answer: D
Correct answer: None of the above
Pseudocode is not a programming language at all: it is a notation for writing an algorithm in a mixture of structured English and code-like constructs, so the logic can be set out and reviewed. No compiler accepts it, and it must be rewritten in a real language before it can run.
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Which of the following, is necessary to work on a computer
Answer: B
Correct answer: Operating system
Without an operating system nothing can manage the processor, memory, files and devices, so no other program - including a compiler or an interpreter - can be loaded or run. Translators are needed only if you intend to write programs.
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If you do not know the current time, which command will you use to display the time?
Answer: C
Correct answer: TIME
TIME displays the current time and offers to change it; typed with a value it sets the clock directly. DATE does the same for the date.
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Which of the following filename extension suggests that the file is a backup copy of another file?
Answer: D
Correct answer: BAK
The extension .BAK marks a backup copy, written automatically by many programs before they overwrite the original, so the previous version can be recovered. TXT holds text, COM an executable, and BAS a BASIC source file.
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A compiler for a high-level language that runs on one machine and produces code for a different machine is called is
Answer: C
Correct answer: cross compiler
A cross compiler runs on one machine but generates code for another, which is how software is built for a target too small to host a compiler - an embedded processor or a new machine that does not yet run anything. Optimising, one-pass and multipass describe how a compiler works, not what it targets.
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In analyzing the compilation of PL/I program, the term "Machine independent optimization" is associated with
Answer: C
Correct answer: creation of more optimal matrix.
Improving the intermediate representation - removing common subexpressions, hoisting loop-invariant code, folding constants - is done before any target machine is considered, so it belongs to machine-independent optimisation. Register allocation and instruction selection depend on the machine and come later.
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The term 'polling' in a computer means a process by which a computer system
Answer: D
Correct answer: inquires to see if a terminal has any transaction to send
Polling is the controller asking each device or terminal in turn whether it has anything to send, and moving on if it has not. It costs processor time whether or not there is work, which is why interrupts are preferred where the hardware supports them.
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Batch files contain a group of MS-DOS commands that are run in successive order. What filename extension identifies batch files?
Answer: B
Correct answer: BAT
A batch file carries the extension .BAT, and DOS recognises it as a list of commands to be executed one after another rather than as machine code. COM and EXE hold executable programs, and SYS holds device drivers and system files.
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A task in a blocked state
Answer: D
Correct answer: is waiting for some temporarily unavailable resources
A blocked process is waiting for something that is not yet available - the completion of an input operation, or a semaphore held elsewhere. It is not executable and does not belong in the run queue: the scheduler will not consider it again until the event it waits for occurs and moves it back to ready.
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Which command of DOS is used to compare two floppy disks?
Answer: B
Correct answer: DISKCOMP
DISKCOMP compares two diskettes track by track and sector by sector, reporting where they differ - the usual check after a DISKCOPY. DISKCOPY duplicates a disk rather than comparing.
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