Computer Internet Questions and Answers

Answer: A

URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator.

A URL is the address of a resource on the web, such as https://www.example.com/page.html: it names the protocol, the host and the path to the resource. The term was introduced with the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee.

'Universal Resource Locator' is a common mistake for 'Uniform', and 'Line' in the other two options has nothing to do with the term.

Answer: B

In HTTPS, S means Secure.

HTTPS is the HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure: HTTP carried over an encrypted TLS (formerly SSL) connection, normally on port 443. The encryption protects data such as passwords and card details in transit and lets the browser verify the site's certificate.

Secret, Socket and Software are not what the letter stands for, although the protocol does run over a network socket.

Answer: B

The protocol is HTTPS.

A URL begins with its scheme, the protocol to use, followed by ://. In https://www.google.com the protocol is https; www.google.com is the host name.

'www' is the part of the host name that names the web server, and '.com' is the top-level domain. Since they are not protocols, 'All of these' is wrong too.

Answer: D

Correct answer: Transferring data from a remote server to your own device

Downloading is transferring data from a remote computer to your own; uploading is the reverse. The direction is defined from the user’s point of view. The distinction matters practically because most consumer connections are asymmetric: download speeds are far higher than upload speeds, on the reasoning that people consume more than they publish. That is why sending a large attachment or backing up to the cloud takes disproportionately long, and why video calls, which need upload capacity, suffer on a connection that downloads perfectly well. The terms come from the era of mainframes, where a central machine was thought of as being above the terminals attached to it - data came down from it and went up to it. Streaming is a particular kind of downloading in which the content is played as it arrives rather than stored complete before use.

Answer: C

Correct answer: Google

Google is a search engine: a service that indexes web pages and returns those matching a query. Bing, DuckDuckGo and Yahoo are others. The distractors are each a different kind of software, and the confusion between them is exactly what the question tests. Chrome is a web browser, the program that fetches and displays pages - and although it defaults to Google search, the two are distinct products. Windows is an operating system. Gmail is a webmail service. A search engine works in three stages: a crawler follows links to discover pages, an indexer builds a searchable structure from their content, and a ranking algorithm orders the results. Google’s original contribution was PageRank, which judged a page’s importance by the pages linking to it. The part of the web reachable this way is the surface web; content behind logins and forms is the deep web.

Answer: B

Correct answer: It is used for live conferencing

Video conferencing carries live picture and sound between two or more places at once, so a meeting can be held without the participants travelling. Ordinary communication and talking are what it is a particular form of, not what distinguishes it.

Answer: B

Correct answer: one, multiple

Multiplexing shares one physical path among multiple logical channels. That is the whole point: one expensive link carries many conversations.

Answer: C

Correct answer: It encrypts the connection so data cannot be read or altered in transit

HTTPS is HTTP carried inside a TLS-encrypted connection. It provides three things: confidentiality, so the traffic cannot be read; integrity, so it cannot be altered undetected; and authentication, so the browser can verify it is talking to the genuine site. The authentication rests on a certificate issued by a certificate authority, binding a public key to a domain name. The browser checks the signature chain and shows a padlock when it succeeds - and a warning when it does not, which is why certificate errors should never be clicked past. A point worth understanding: the padlock proves the connection is secure and that the site is who its certificate says. It does not prove the site is trustworthy, and phishing sites routinely use valid certificates. HTTPS is now the default; browsers mark plain HTTP as insecure, and free certificates from Let’s Encrypt removed the cost barrier.

Answer: D

Correct answer: 2, 3 and 5

Full duplex needs a dedicated link between exactly two devices, so it works switch to switch, host to host with a crossover cable, and switch to host. A hub is a shared medium by construction, so any connection involving one must be half duplex.

Answer: C

Correct answer: Bus

Classic Ethernet was a shared coaxial bus along which every station listened, and even when hubs replaced the cable the logic stayed the same: one shared medium with contention resolved by CSMA/CD.