Answer: A
Correct answer: Returns one value when a condition is true and another when it is false
IF tests a condition and returns one value if it is true and another if it is false: =IF(A1>=40,"Pass","Fail"). Its three arguments are the test, the value if true, and the value if false. Omitting the third returns FALSE rather than a blank, so it is usually supplied even when the answer is an empty string. IF functions can be nested to handle several cases - grades, slabs, bands - but nesting quickly becomes unreadable. IFS, in newer versions, takes a list of condition-and-result pairs and is clearer, and a VLOOKUP against a small band table is often better still. The logical functions that combine with it are worth knowing: AND requires every condition, OR requires any, and NOT reverses one. So =IF(AND(A1>=40,B1>=40),"Pass","Fail") requires both marks. IFERROR is the specialised form that catches errors.