Computer Fundamentals Questions and Answers

Answer: B

Correct answer: 5

The Murray code, the teleprinter code standardised as ITA2, uses 5 bits per character. That gives \( 2^5 = 32 \) patterns - too few for letters, digits and punctuation together, so two of the patterns shift the machine between a letter case and a figure case, doubling the effective set.

Answer: D

Correct answer: All of the above

A modern digital computer is fast, holds a great deal of data, and computes to whatever precision is asked of it - extra digits cost only extra words of storage and time. All three statements therefore hold, which is why the combined option is correct.

Answer: B

Correct answer: Software tool

A program used to build, repair or improve other programs - a compiler, an editor, a debugger, a linker, a version control system - is a software tool. What sets the class apart is its subject: other software, rather than the user’s own data.

Answer: D

Correct answer: NIC

A LAN card is a network interface card: the adapter that gives a machine its physical connection to the network and its own MAC address. A modem converts between digital and analogue signals, while hubs and switches are separate devices that the cards connect to.

Answer: D

Correct answer: Both b and c

The two chips that define a computer are the microprocessor, which executes the instructions, and the primary memory chip, which holds the instructions and data it works on. External storage is built from disks and other media rather than from a chip of this kind.

Answer: D

Correct answer: DDL

DDL - the Data Definition Language part of SQL - defines the structure of the database, with CREATE, ALTER and DROP. DML manipulates the rows inside those tables (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE) and DCL controls privileges (GRANT, REVOKE).

Answer: C

Correct answer: 0’s and 1’s only

The binary system has base 2, so it uses exactly two digits, 0 and 1. Everything a computer stores - numbers, text, images, instructions - is a pattern of those two, because each is easily represented by a circuit that is either off or on.

Answer: A

Correct answer: O.M.R

Optical mark recognition shines light on a form and detects where the reflectance is reduced by a pencil mark, so the position of each filled bubble is read as an answer. It is how examination answer sheets and ballot forms are counted, and it reads marks rather than shapes, which is what distinguishes it from OCR.

Answer: B

Correct answer: Dialup

A dial-up connection reaches a distant machine by having a modem place an ordinary telephone call to a modem at the other end; once the two have negotiated, the line carries data. It is the classic way of connecting a remote computer over the public network.

Answer: C

Correct answer: pages out pages that have been least used recently

LRU - least recently used - evicts the page that has gone longest without being referenced, on the assumption that a page untouched for a long time is the least likely to be needed next. It approximates the optimal policy well, but tracking the order of use exactly is expensive, so it is usually approximated with reference bits.