Human Development and Interventions Questions and Answers

Q: Fill up the blanks : _________ in which the teacher does not have ________ role, students pose and answer their own questions.

The blanks are filled by Conversation; dominant.In a conversation the teacher does not take a dominant role, and the students pose and answer their own questions. This is what separates conversation from lecture and from teacher-led discussion.In a discussion the teacher usually guides the talk, and a specific role is not what the sentence is contrasting. The options with discussion or with specific are rejected.

Q: Match List - I with List - II and indicate your answer with the help of codes given below :List - I (Author)List - II (Statement)p. Carol Gilliyan1. Decisions are based on morality of carrying and a concern with justice.q. Kohlberg2. Decisions of females are preferably based on care orientation.r. Skoe3. Decisions are based on commitment to specific individuals and relationship.s. Walker4. Decisions are based on universal principles of justice and fairness.Codes : p q r s

The correct code is p-3, q-4, r-2, s-1.Gilligan stressed relationships and commitment to specific individuals (3). Kohlberg's decisions rest on universal principles of justice and fairness (4). Skoe's work is on the ethic of care, where females prefer care orientation (2), and Walker's work links decisions to the morality of caring along with concern for justice (1).The other codes give Kohlberg's universal justice principles to someone else or assign the care orientation to the wrong author, so they are rejected.

Q: Which of the following do/does not describe an obsession ?1. Continually reliving a traumatic event.2. An unwanted thought that a person finds intrusive and distressing.3. A behaviour or mental act that a person feels compelled to perform.4. Something a person enjoys doing and talking about constantly.Codes :

The statements that do not describe an obsession are 1, 3 and 4.An obsession is an unwanted thought that a person finds intrusive and distressing (statement 2). It is not a repeated reliving of a trauma, which is a symptom of post-traumatic stress (1), nor a behaviour or mental act the person feels compelled to carry out, which is a compulsion (3). Something a person enjoys and talks about constantly (4) is a preoccupation, not an obsession.Options that include 2 are therefore wrong, since 2 does describe an obsession.

Q: A social worker, with a training of Master of Social Work (MSW) who was appointed as an assistant to a psychiatrist, use to administer and interpret Rorschach test. This is an

This is an ethically incorrect practice.The Rorschach test is a projective psychological test that should be administered and interpreted only by someone with training in psychological assessment, as a clinical psychologist. A social worker with an MSW is not trained in it, and using a test beyond one's competence is a breach of professional ethics.Keeping the results confidential or using them only for diagnosis does not remove the lack of competence, so the options that make the practice correct under conditions are also wrong.

Q: Given below are two statements Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Indicate your answer using the code given below.Assertion (A) : In case of anxiety disorder, people become inclined to make negative evaluation of themselves, their world, and their future.Reason (R) : People acquire a relatively stable set of cognitive structures or schemas that contain dysfunctional beliefs.Codes :

The assertion is false and the reason is true.The reason is correct: people acquire stable cognitive structures or schemas that hold dysfunctional beliefs. The negative view of self, world and future (the cognitive triad) is Beck's description of depression. In anxiety disorders the typical thought is an overestimate of danger and an underestimate of the ability to cope, so the assertion is wrong.The options that call the assertion true, including the one that makes the reason its explanation, are rejected.

Q: Arrange the following events in the order of their occurrence in Panic circle :I. Apprehension or worryII. Body sensationsIII. Perceived threatIV. Interpretation of sensations as catastrophicV. Trigger stimulusCodes :

The order in the panic cycle is V, III, I, II, IV.A trigger stimulus (V) leads to a perceived threat (III), which gives apprehension or worry (I). That produces body sensations (II), and their catastrophic interpretation (IV) feeds the next round of the cycle.The other orders put body sensations or apprehension before the trigger and the perceived threat, so they do not fit the cycle. The cycle then repeats, since the catastrophic interpretation raises apprehension and so produces more body sensations.

Q: Which of the following are stages of moral reasoning as proposed by Kohlberg ?a. Obedience, Self-interest and conformityb. Law and order, self-interest and purposec. Law and order, human rights, and universal human ethicsd. Conformity, identity and competenceCodes :

The stages of moral reasoning proposed by Kohlberg are in a and c only.The stages in a (obedience, self-interest and conformity) and c (law and order, human rights and universal ethics) fall in Kohlberg's preconventional, conventional and postconventional levels.Self-interest and purpose in b, and identity and competence in d, mix in ideas that are not Kohlberg's stage names (competence and identity come from Erikson). So the options with b or d are rejected.

231.

Fill up the blanks : _________ in which the teacher does not have ________ role, students pose and answer their own questions.

A.Discussion; specific
B.Discussion; dominant
C.Conversation; dominant
D.Conversation; specific

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2014,

Answer: C

The blanks are filled by Conversation; dominant.

In a conversation the teacher does not take a dominant role, and the students pose and answer their own questions. This is what separates conversation from lecture and from teacher-led discussion.

In a discussion the teacher usually guides the talk, and a specific role is not what the sentence is contrasting. The options with discussion or with specific are rejected.

Discuss in Forum

232.

Match List - I with List - II and indicate your answer with the help of codes given below :

List - I (Author)	List - II (Statement)
p. Carol Gilliyan	1. Decisions are based on morality of carrying and a concern with justice.
q. Kohlberg	2. Decisions of females are preferably based on care orientation.
r. Skoe	3. Decisions are based on commitment to specific individuals and relationship.
s. Walker	4. Decisions are based on universal principles of justice and fairness.

Codes : p q r s

A.p-3, q-4, r-2, s-1
B.p-2, q-3, r-4, s-1
C.p-3, q-1, r-2, s-4
D.p-2, q-3, r-1, s-4

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2014,

Answer: A

The correct code is p-3, q-4, r-2, s-1.

Gilligan stressed relationships and commitment to specific individuals (3). Kohlberg's decisions rest on universal principles of justice and fairness (4). Skoe's work is on the ethic of care, where females prefer care orientation (2), and Walker's work links decisions to the morality of caring along with concern for justice (1).

The other codes give Kohlberg's universal justice principles to someone else or assign the care orientation to the wrong author, so they are rejected.

Discuss in Forum

233.

Which of the following do/does not describe an obsession ?

1. Continually reliving a traumatic event.
2. An unwanted thought that a person finds intrusive and distressing.
3. A behaviour or mental act that a person feels compelled to perform.
4. Something a person enjoys doing and talking about constantly.
Codes :

A.1, 2 and 4
B.2 and 4
C.2, 3 and 4
D.1, 3 and 4

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2014,

Answer: D

The statements that do not describe an obsession are 1, 3 and 4.

An obsession is an unwanted thought that a person finds intrusive and distressing (statement 2). It is not a repeated reliving of a trauma, which is a symptom of post-traumatic stress (1), nor a behaviour or mental act the person feels compelled to carry out, which is a compulsion (3). Something a person enjoys and talks about constantly (4) is a preoccupation, not an obsession.

Options that include 2 are therefore wrong, since 2 does describe an obsession.

Discuss in Forum

234.

A social worker, with a training of Master of Social Work (MSW) who was appointed as an assistant to a psychiatrist, use to administer and interpret Rorschach test. This is an

A.ethically incorrect practice
B.ethically correct practice
C.ethically correct practice provided the results are kept confidential
D.ethically correct practice provided the results are used only for diagnostic purpose

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2014,

Answer: A

This is an ethically incorrect practice.

The Rorschach test is a projective psychological test that should be administered and interpreted only by someone with training in psychological assessment, as a clinical psychologist. A social worker with an MSW is not trained in it, and using a test beyond one's competence is a breach of professional ethics.

Keeping the results confidential or using them only for diagnosis does not remove the lack of competence, so the options that make the practice correct under conditions are also wrong.

Discuss in Forum

235.

Given below are two statements Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Indicate your answer using the code given below.

Assertion (A) : In case of anxiety disorder, people become inclined to make negative evaluation of themselves, their world, and their future.
Reason (R) : People acquire a relatively stable set of cognitive structures or schemas that contain dysfunctional beliefs.
Codes :

A.Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B.Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C.(A) is true, but (R) is false.
D.(A) is false, but (R) is true.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2014,

Answer: D

The assertion is false and the reason is true.

The reason is correct: people acquire stable cognitive structures or schemas that hold dysfunctional beliefs. The negative view of self, world and future (the cognitive triad) is Beck's description of depression. In anxiety disorders the typical thought is an overestimate of danger and an underestimate of the ability to cope, so the assertion is wrong.

The options that call the assertion true, including the one that makes the reason its explanation, are rejected.

Discuss in Forum

236.

Arrange the following events in the order of their occurrence in Panic circle :

I. Apprehension or worry
II. Body sensations
III. Perceived threat
IV. Interpretation of sensations as catastrophic
V. Trigger stimulus
Codes :

A.I, III, II, V, IV
B.V, II, III, I, IV
C.V, III, I, II, IV
D.III, V, I, II, IV

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2014,

Answer: C

The order in the panic cycle is V, III, I, II, IV.

A trigger stimulus (V) leads to a perceived threat (III), which gives apprehension or worry (I). That produces body sensations (II), and their catastrophic interpretation (IV) feeds the next round of the cycle.

The other orders put body sensations or apprehension before the trigger and the perceived threat, so they do not fit the cycle. The cycle then repeats, since the catastrophic interpretation raises apprehension and so produces more body sensations.

Discuss in Forum

237.

Read each of the following two statements Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes given below :

Assertion (A) : The body ages as a result of accumulated damage to the system beyond the body's ability to repair it.
Reason (R) : Aging also involves damage due to environmental assaults on biological system.
Codes :

A.Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is correct explanation of (A).
B.Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C.(A) is true, but (R) is false.
D.(A) is false, but (R) is true.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2014,

Answer: B

Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

The wear-and-tear view says that the body ages as damage accumulates faster than it can be repaired, so the assertion is true. It is also true that environmental assaults add damage to biological systems.

The reason names one more source of damage, not the reason why accumulated damage leads to aging, so it does not explain the assertion. The option that makes it the explanation is rejected.

Discuss in Forum

238.

Read each of the following two statements Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes given below :

Assertion (A) : Children with learning disability are allowed to type or tape record their assignments.
Reason (R) : Omitting handwriting as a criterion for evaluating reports/copies is a way of helping children with learning disability.
Codes :

A.Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is correct explanation of (A).
B.Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C.(A) is true, but (R) is false.
D.(A) is false, but (R) is true.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2014,

Answer: A

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Children with a learning disability may be allowed to type or tape record their assignments because handwriting is the area in which many of them are weak. Leaving handwriting out as a criterion for evaluating reports is a way of helping them, and it is exactly why the typing or taping is allowed.

The options saying R does not explain A, or that either is false, are rejected.

Discuss in Forum

239.

Which of the following are stages of moral reasoning as proposed by Kohlberg ?

a. Obedience, Self-interest and conformity
b. Law and order, self-interest and purpose
c. Law and order, human rights, and universal human ethics
d. Conformity, identity and competence
Codes :

A.a and b only
B.a and c only
C.a and d only
D.b and c only

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2014,

Answer: B

The stages of moral reasoning proposed by Kohlberg are in a and c only.

The stages in a (obedience, self-interest and conformity) and c (law and order, human rights and universal ethics) fall in Kohlberg's preconventional, conventional and postconventional levels.

Self-interest and purpose in b, and identity and competence in d, mix in ideas that are not Kohlberg's stage names (competence and identity come from Erikson). So the options with b or d are rejected.

Discuss in Forum

240.

Making "riskier" decision during adolescence may be correlated with

A.Lack of peer contact
B.Protective parenting
C.Slower frontal lobe development
D.Delays in reaching puberty

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2014,

Answer: C

Riskier decision making in adolescence may be correlated with slower frontal lobe development.

The frontal lobes, which control planning and impulse control, mature late, while the emotional and reward systems develop earlier. This gap contributes to more risk taking.

Lack of peer contact and protective parenting would tend to reduce risk taking, and a delay in reaching puberty is not linked with riskier choices, so they are rejected.

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