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Social Work Research Questions and Answers

101.

The hypothetical statements denying what are explicitly indicated in working hypothesis are known as

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: D

The hypothetical statement that denies what is explicitly indicated in the working hypothesis is called the null hypothesis, option (D). It says that there is no relationship or no difference, and the researcher tests it against the working or alternative hypothesis.

A relational hypothesis (option A) states a relation between variables, a complex hypothesis (option B) states relations among several variables, and a statistical hypothesis (option C) is a hypothesis put in statistical terms. None of these is the denial of the working hypothesis.

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102.

A concept made measurable is called

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

A concept that has been made measurable, so that it can take different values or categories, is called a variable. Social work research turns abstract concepts such as poverty or morale into variables, for example income or a morale score, so that they can be observed and compared.

An attribute is a single characteristic or category of a variable (for example “female”), not the measurable concept as a whole. A theory is a set of related propositions that explains something. So the answer is Variable and not “None of the above”.

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103.

Intervening variables can be controlled by

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: A

Intervening and other extraneous variables that cannot be measured one by one can be controlled by randomization: when subjects are assigned to groups by chance, the unmeasured influences are spread about equally across the groups, so they cannot account for a difference in outcome.

Conceptualisation is the step of defining what a term means in a study, and does nothing to control a variable. Description is the reporting of facts about the sample. Both leave the intervening variable uncontrolled, which is why neither fits.

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104.

The author of the book, 'Practice of Social Research-Social Work perspectives' is

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: A

Practice of Social Research: Social Work Perspectives was written by D.K. Lal Das, a social work educator. The book is widely used in Indian social work courses for research methods.

H.B. Trecker is known for his work on social group work, Johan Galtung for peace and conflict studies and his own text on research methodology, and Nan Lin for Foundations of Social Research. These are different books, so the author of the title asked is Lal Das.

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105.

Scientific attitude is based on

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

The scientific attitude rests on consistent thinking: it is rational, logical and based on evidence, and its conclusions must hold together and can be tested again by others. It is open to checking and to being changed in the light of facts.

Wishful thinking accepts what one would like to be true, spiritual thinking and devotional thinking rest on faith or personal devotion. These can be sincere, but they are not tested against evidence, so they are not the basis of a scientific attitude.

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106.

Who defined 'Statistics as the Science of estimates and probabilities' ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: A

The definition of statistics as the science of estimates and probabilities is credited to Boddington (spelt Bodington in the paper), who defined it in this way in his work on statistics.

A.L. Bowley is remembered for calling statistics the science of averages, which is a different definition and is the usual distractor. R.A. Fisher is known for the development of modern statistical methods and experimental design, and Agarwal is not associated with this definition.

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107.

Regression is

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: A

Regression measures the average relationship between two or more variables in terms of the original units of the data, for example the number of rupees of expenditure for each rupee of income. Unlike correlation, it is expressed in the units of the variables and is used to predict one variable from another.

The assumption of normally distributed data belongs to the conditions for certain tests, not to the definition of regression. The sum of differences of two variables and deviations from an assumed mean are steps in the calculation of other measures such as the mean by the short-cut method.

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108.

Following are the steps of Social Research. Arrange the steps in a logical order to prepare a plan of Research Study.

(a) Data collection
(b) Hypothesis
(c) Problem formulation
(d) Objectives
(e) Processing and analysis of data (f) Report writing

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: D

A research plan follows a logical order: first the problem is formulated (c), then the objectives are stated (d), then the hypothesis is framed (b), then the data are collected (a), then processed and analysed (e), and finally the report is written (f). This is the order c, d, b, a, e, f.

The other orders put the hypothesis before the problem or data collection before the objectives. Objectives and hypotheses cannot be framed until the problem has been identified, and data cannot be collected until it is known what is to be tested.

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109.

The various types of measurement are

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: A

The four types, or levels, of measurement are nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio. They run from simple classification, through ranking and equal intervals, to a scale with a true zero.

Likert is a technique of attitude scaling and not a level of measurement, so the second option is wrong. Thurstone, TAT and the Social Distance Scale are scales or tests, and ratio, proportions, statistics and data are not types of measurement.

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110.

Epistemology refers to

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature and sources of knowledge, and in research it refers to what counts as acceptable knowledge in a field of study and how it can be obtained.

A software package, a statistical test and a form of interviewing are all tools or techniques of research, but not what epistemology means, which is a theory of knowledge. For example, a positivist holds that valid knowledge comes from observation and measurement, while an interpretive researcher accepts understanding of meanings as knowledge.

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