Social Work Research Questions and Answers

81.

A Researcher with limited understanding of the problem under study adopts ________.

A.Experimental
B.Descriptive
C.Exploratory
D.All of the above

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

When a researcher knows little about the problem, the suitable design is exploratory research, whose purpose is to gain familiarity with the problem and to generate ideas or hypotheses for later study. Experimental designs (A) test a cause and effect hypothesis, which needs prior knowledge to specify variables. Descriptive designs (B) describe a situation or its characteristics accurately and also require a clear idea of what to measure. Since only the exploratory design fits limited understanding, option D, all of the above, is wrong.

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82.

A basic unit of analysis in a given research study is called

A.Respondent
B.Sample
C.Universe
D.None of the above

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

The key gives the respondent as the basic unit of analysis in a research study: the single person from whom data are collected and about whom conclusions are drawn. A sample (B) is a group of units drawn from the universe, and the universe (C) is the whole population under study; both are collections rather than a single unit. Option D, none of the above, is ruled out because the respondent qualifies under the key. Note that in some studies the unit of analysis may instead be a household, an organisation or a group.

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83.

The extent of difference between population parameter and sample statistic is called _______.

A.Statistic
B.Sampling bias
C.Sample error
D.None of the above

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The difference between a population parameter and the corresponding sample statistic is called the sampling error: the amount by which an estimate from a sample departs from the true value because only part of the population was observed. A statistic (A) is simply a value computed from a sample, so it is one side of the comparison and not the gap itself. Sampling bias (B) refers to a systematic tilt in how the sample was chosen, which is a cause of error rather than the measured difference. Option C is therefore the answer.

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84.

Sub-divided bar diagram is also known as

A.Pie-diagram
B.Histogram
C.Component Bar Diagram
D.Bar Diagram

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

A sub-divided bar diagram, in which each bar is split into segments showing the parts of a total, is also known as a component bar diagram. A pie diagram (A) shows components as sectors of a circle, a histogram (B) shows a continuous frequency distribution with adjacent bars, and a simple bar diagram (D) has undivided bars representing a single variable. The segments in each bar are the components of the total, which gives the name in option C.

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85.

Match the items of List - I with List - II :

List - I	List - II
I. Averages	1. Correlation
II. Averages of averages	2. Measures of dispersion
III. Variables	3. Chi-square
IV. Attributes	4. Measures of central tendency

Codes :
I II III IV

A.4 2 1 3
B.4 2 3 1
C.4 3 2 1
D.2 4 1 3

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

The key matches I with 4, II with 2, III with 1 and IV with 3 (option A). Averages are measures of central tendency (I-4). The key treats averages of averages as measures of dispersion (II-2). Variables, which are measured quantities, are related by correlation (III-1), and attributes, which are qualitative categories, are tested by chi-square (IV-3). Option B swaps III and IV, giving variables chi-square, option C gives averages of averages chi-square and variables dispersion, and option D starts by pairing averages with measures of dispersion although averages are measures of central tendency.

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86.

Arrange the following steps in a sequence :

I. Designing the tool
II. Review of literature
III. Pretesting
IV. Validation
V. Application of the tool

A.I, II, III, V, IV
B.I, IV, II, III, V
C.I, V, II, III, IV
D.II, I, III, IV, V

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

The key sequence is II, I, III, IV, V (option D). A researcher first reviews the literature to see what is known and what tools already exist, then designs the tool, then pretests it on a small group to find faults, then validates it, and finally applies it to the main sample. Options A, B and C place the design of the tool before the literature review, or apply the tool before pretesting and validation, which would mean using an untested instrument on the real sample.

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87.

Assertion (A) : Setting a hypothesis on a logical framework results in good research output.

Reason (R) : Setting a rational hypothesis is a pre-requisite for fruitful research.

A.Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
B.Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
C.(A) is true and (R) is not true.
D.(A) is not true, but (R) is true.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

Both statements are true and the reason explains the assertion. A hypothesis set on a logical framework, that is, derived from theory and prior findings, directs the choice of variables, data and tests, so the research output is better. The reason states that a rational hypothesis is a prerequisite for fruitful research, which is exactly why a logically grounded hypothesis gives good output. So the reason is the correct explanation, option B. Option A accepts both as true but denies the link, and options C and D call one statement untrue although both hold.

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88.

Arrange the following types of data in the order of their complexity :

I. Interval
II. Ratio
III. Ordinal
IV. Nominal

A.II, I, III, IV
B.I, II, III, IV
C.IV, III, I, II
D.IV, III, II, I

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

Ordering the levels of measurement from least to most complex gives nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio, which is IV, III, I, II (option C). Nominal data only name categories, ordinal data add rank order, interval data add equal intervals without a true zero, and ratio data add a true zero so ratios are meaningful. Option A runs from ratio down to nominal, option B places interval before ratio and ordinal after both, and option D puts ratio before interval; none follows the actual hierarchy.

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89.

Field work based approach is classified as

A.Empirical
B.Historical
C.Experimental
D.Biographical

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

An approach built on field work gathers data by observation and direct contact, which is empirical research. Historical research (B) works from documents and records of the past, experimental research (C) manipulates variables under controlled conditions, and biographical research (D) studies life histories. Only empirical research rests on first-hand field data, so option A is the answer.

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90.

Life satisfaction is/an

A.Concrete concept
B.Abstract concept
C.Hypothesis
D.None of the above

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

Life satisfaction is an abstract concept: it cannot be seen or touched directly and is measured through indicators such as scales and ratings. A concrete concept (A) refers to something directly observable, a hypothesis (C) is a testable statement and not a concept, and option D is ruled out because the concept can be classified. The answer is option B.

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