Speech is a great blessing but it can also be a great curse, for while it helps us to make our intentions and desires known to our fellows, it can also if we use it carelessly, make our attitude completely misunderstood. A slip of the tongue, the use of unusual word, or of an ambiguous word, and so on, may create an enemy where we had hoped to win a friend. Again, different classes of people use different vocabularies, and the ordinary speech of an educated man may strike an uneducated listener as pompous. Unwittingly, we may use a word which bears a different meaning to our listener from what it does to men of our own class. Thus speech is not a gift to use lightly without thought, but one which demands careful handling. Only a fool will express himself alike to all kinds and conditions of men.
A 'slip of the tongue' means something said
Answer: C
Correct answer: Unintentionally
A slip of the tongue is a mistake in speaking that the speaker did not mean to make; the whole point of the passage is that such accidents can create an enemy where we had hoped to win a friend. Saying something wrongly by choice or to hurt another person would be deliberate, which a slip by definition is not.
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Speech can be curse, because it can
Answer: C
Correct answer: Create misunderstanding
The passage says speech can also, if we use it carelessly, make our attitude completely misunderstood, and everything after that sentence - the slip of the tongue, the ambiguous word, the class difference in vocabulary - illustrates how. Revealing our intentions is given as the blessing, not the curse.
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What needs to be set right is our approach to work. It is a common sight in our country of employees reporting for duty on time and at the same time doing little work. If an assessment is made of time they spent in gossiping, drinking tea, eating "pan" and smoking cigarettes, it will be shocking to know that the time devoted to actual work is negligible. The problem is the standard which the leadership in administration sets for the staff. Forget the ministers because they mix politics and administration. What do top bureaucrats do? What do the below down officials do? The administrative set-up remains weak mainly because the employees do not have the right example to follow and they are more concerned about being in the good books of the bosses than doing work.
The employees in our country
Answer: A
Correct answer: are quite punctual but not duty conscious
The passage says employees report for duty on time and at the same time doing little work, and then itemises the gossiping, tea, pan and cigarettes that fill the day. Punctuality and productivity are separated exactly this way, so the option about lateness contradicts the passage and the ones about temperament and qualifications are never raised.
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According to the writer, the administration in India
Answer: D
Correct answer: is more or less ineffective
The passage says the administrative set-up remains weak, and traces that weakness to leadership that sets no example and to staff more concerned with pleasing their bosses than with working. Red tape is a different complaint and is nowhere mentioned.
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The word assessment means
Answer: C
Correct answer: Evaluation
If an assessment is made of the time they spent… means if that time were measured and judged, which is what evaluation denotes. An enquiry investigates, a report records, and a summary shortens; none of the three weighs or judges.
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The leadership in administration
Answer: D
Correct answer: is of a very poor standard
The passage asks what top bureaucrats and lower officials actually do, and concludes that employees do not have the right example to follow. Setting no example to follow is precisely a poor standard, and it is offered as the main cause of the weakness described.
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The central idea of passage could be best expressed by the following
Answer: B
Correct answer: The employees must change their outlook towards work
The passage opens with what needs to be set right is our approach to work, which states the thesis outright, and everything after it is evidence for that need. The option calling the outlook justified reverses it, and the employer-employee relationship is not the subject.
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At this stage of civilisation, when many nations are brought into close and vital contact for good and evil, it is essential, as never before, that their gross ignorance of one another should be diminished, that they should begin to understand a little of one another's historical experience and resulting mentality. It is the fault of the English to expect the people of other countries to react as they do, to political and international situations. Our genuine goodwill and good intentions are often brought to nothing, because we expect other people to be like us. This would be corrected if we knew the history, not necessarily in detail but in broad outlines, of the social and political conditions which have given to each nation its present character.
According to the author of 'Mentality' of a nation is mainly product of its
Answer: A
Correct answer: History
The closing sentence says the remedy is to know the history… of the social and political conditions which have given to each nation its present character. History is presented as the cause; present character is the result, and politics one of the conditions history acted through.
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The need for a greater understanding between nations
Answer: C
Correct answer: Is more today than ever before
The opening words are at this stage of civilisation… it is essential, as never before. As never before is decisive: the need is not merely present but greater now than at any earlier time, because nations are in close and vital contact.
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The character of a nation is the result of its
Answer: D
Correct answer: Socio-political conditions
The passage names the cause explicitly: the social and political conditions which have given to each nation its present character. Mentality is a parallel result rather than a cause, and gross ignorance is the problem the passage sets out to cure.
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