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Cloud Networking Questions and Answers

11.

Assertion (A): Peering is not transitive between virtual private clouds.
Reason (R): Each peering connection carries traffic only between its own two endpoints.

Answer: C

Both are true and the reason gives the limitation, and it is why a transit gateway is used once more than a handful of networks must be connected to one another. Each link stands alone. A hub avoids the pairwise explosion.

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12.

Consider the following statements about VPC peering.
1. Overlapping address ranges cannot be peered.
2. Peering is not transitive.
3. Peered traffic traverses the public internet.

Answer: D

The first two are correct. The third is wrong, since peered traffic stays on the provider's own network and is never exposed to the public internet. Address planning matters here. Traffic never leaves the provider network.

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Answer: A

Correct answer: many networks must be interconnected

Peering is point to point, so a fully connected mesh grows as the square of the number of networks and becomes unmanageable quickly. A transit gateway acts as a hub: each network attaches once, and routing between them is handled centrally. For two networks a peering is simpler and cheaper; the hub earns its cost as the count rises.

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14.

How many peering connections are needed to fully connect 10 virtual private clouds pairwise?

Answer: B

Correct answer: 45

A full mesh needs one connection for every pair: \[ \frac{n(n-1)}{2} = \frac{10\times9}{2} = 45. \] The 100 offered is \( n^2 \) and the 90 that would come from \( n(n-1) \) counts each pair twice. Forty-five connections to manage for ten networks is exactly the growth that makes a transit gateway the better answer.

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Answer: C

Peering connects two cloud networks and does not reach on-premises at all. The other three are the three usual routes to a corporate network. Peering joins two cloud networks only. On-premises needs a different mechanism.

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Answer: D

It suits steady high volume traffic and regulated environments. It costs more and takes longer to provision than a tunnel, and encryption must still be arranged separately. Bandwidth is predictable on a dedicated circuit.

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17.

Assertion (A): A dedicated circuit does not remove the need to encrypt traffic.
Reason (R): Privacy of the path is not the same as confidentiality of the data.

Answer: A

Both are true and the reason gives the distinction, and encryption in transit is expected regardless of how private the underlying path may be. A private path is not an encrypted one. Provisioning takes weeks rather than minutes.

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18.

Match each load balancer type with what it handles.
List I
A. Network load balancer
B. Application load balancer
C. Global load balancer
D. Internal load balancer
List II
1. directing users to the nearest healthy region
2. layer four traffic at very high throughput
3. traffic between tiers inside the network
4. layer seven routing by path and host

Answer: B

Choosing the wrong layer means either paying for inspection that is not needed or losing routing that is. Global balancing is a separate concern from either of the regional types. Layer decides what routing is possible.

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Answer: C

Correct answer: distribute traffic between internal tiers

An internal load balancer carries only private addresses and is reachable only from within the VPC, so it is used between tiers - web to application, application to service - where the traffic should never touch the internet. An internet-facing balancer is the same technology with public addresses, used at the edge.

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Answer: D

Correct answer: resolving names and for routing policies

A cloud DNS service resolves names, and its routing policies are what distinguish it from a plain zone file: weighted responses for gradual rollout, latency-based for the nearest region, geolocation for regulatory or language reasons, and failover for health-checked records. That policy layer is why DNS is a traffic management tool in cloud architecture and not merely a directory.

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