TCP/IP Questions and Answers

Q: Which statements are true regarding ICMP packets? 1.They acknowledge receipt of a TCP segment. 2.They guarantee datagram delivery. 3.They can provide hosts with information about network problems. 4.They are encapsulated within IP datagrams.

Correct answer: 3 and 4Statements 3 and 4 are correct: ICMP reports network problems - destination unreachable, time exceeded, redirects - and its messages travel encapsulated inside IP datagrams. Statement 1 is wrong, since acknowledging TCP segments is TCP’s own job. Statement 2 is wrong because ICMP reports failures rather than preventing them; IP remains an unreliable, best-effort service whatever ICMP says about it.

Q: Which layer 4 protocol is used for a Telnet connection?

Correct answer: TCPTelnet needs the characters to arrive in order and without loss, so it runs over TCP, on port 23. IP is a layer 3 protocol, TCP/IP is the name of the suite rather than a protocol, and UDP would deliver a terminal session with characters missing or out of sequence.

Q: Which statements are true regarding ICMP packets? 1.ICMP guarantees datagram delivery. 2.ICMP can provide hosts with information about network problems. 3.ICMP is encapsulated within IP datagrams. 4.ICMP is encapsulated within UDP datagrams.

Correct answer: 2 and 3Statements 2 and 3 are correct: ICMP carries information about network problems, and its messages are encapsulated within IP datagrams. Statement 1 is wrong - ICMP reports on delivery failures but guarantees nothing, and IP remains best-effort. Statement 4 confuses the encapsulation: ICMP sits directly inside IP with protocol number 1, not inside UDP.

Q: Which of the following are TCP/IP protocols used at the Application layer of the OSI model? 1.IP 2.TCP 3.Telnet 4.FTP 5.TFTP

Correct answer: 3, 4 and 5Telnet, FTP and TFTP are all application layer protocols. IP is at the Internet layer and TCP at the Host-to-Host layer, so neither belongs at the Application layer - they are what the application protocols run over. Note that TFTP counts here despite using UDP: the transport it chooses does not change the layer it occupies.

Q: What protocol is used to find the hardware address of a local device?

Correct answer: ARPARP resolves a known IP address to the hardware address on the local segment, by broadcasting a request that every host sees and only the owner answers. RARP does the reverse, obtaining an IP address from a known hardware address, and ICMP reports errors rather than resolving anything. The result is held in the ARP cache, which show ip arp displays.

Q: Which of the following protocols uses both TCP and UDP?

Correct answer: DNSDNS uses UDP port 53 for ordinary queries, because a query and its reply are small and a lost one is simply retried, and TCP port 53 when the response exceeds what a single datagram will carry and for zone transfers between servers. FTP, SMTP and Telnet all use TCP alone.

Q: What is the address range of a Class B network address in binary?

Correct answer: 10xxxxxxThe classes are distinguished by their leading bits: Class A begins with 0, Class B with 10, Class C with 110 and Class D with 1110. So a Class B address starts 10 in binary, which corresponds to a first octet of 128 to 191 in decimal - and reading it that way is a useful cross-check.

71.

Which of the following is the decimal and hexadecimal equivalents of the binary number 10011101?

A.155, 0x9B
B.157, 0x9D
C.159, 0x9F
D.185, 0xB9

Answer: B

To turn a binary number into decimal, you just have to add the values of each bit that is a 1. The values of 10011101 are 128, 16, 8, 4, and 1. 128 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 1 = 157.

Hexadecimal is a base-16 number system. The values of hexadecimal are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F-16 characters total, from which to create all the numbers you'll ever need. So, if 1001 in binary is 9, then the hexadecimal equivalent is 9. Since we then have 1101, which is 13 in binary, the hexadecimal answer is D and the complete hexadecimal answer is 0x9D.

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72.

Which statements are true regarding ICMP packets?

1.They acknowledge receipt of a TCP segment.

2.They guarantee datagram delivery.

3.They can provide hosts with information about network problems.

4.They are encapsulated within IP datagrams.

A.1 only
B.2 and 3
C.3 and 4
D.2, 3 and 4

Answer: C

Correct answer: 3 and 4

Statements 3 and 4 are correct: ICMP reports network problems - destination unreachable, time exceeded, redirects - and its messages travel encapsulated inside IP datagrams. Statement 1 is wrong, since acknowledging TCP segments is TCP’s own job. Statement 2 is wrong because ICMP reports failures rather than preventing them; IP remains an unreliable, best-effort service whatever ICMP says about it.

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73.

Which of the following are layers in the TCP/IP model?

1.Application

2.Session

3.Transport

4.Internet

5.Data Link

6.Physical

A.1 and 2
B.1, 3 and 4
C.2, 3 and 5
D.3, 4 and 5

Answer: B

This seems like a hard question at first because it doesn't make sense. The listed answers are from the OSI model and the question asked about the TCP/IP protocol stack (DoD model). However, let's just look for what is wrong. First, the Session layer is not in the TCP/IP model; neither are the Data Link and Physical layers. This leaves us with the Transport layer (Host-to-Host in the DoD model), Internet layer (Network layer in the OSI), and Application layer (Application/Process in the DoD).

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74.

Which layer 4 protocol is used for a Telnet connection?

A.IP
B.TCP
C.TCP/IP
D.UDP

Answer: B

Correct answer: TCP

Telnet needs the characters to arrive in order and without loss, so it runs over TCP, on port 23. IP is a layer 3 protocol, TCP/IP is the name of the suite rather than a protocol, and UDP would deliver a terminal session with characters missing or out of sequence.

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75.

Which statements are true regarding ICMP packets?

1.ICMP guarantees datagram delivery.

2.ICMP can provide hosts with information about network problems.

3.ICMP is encapsulated within IP datagrams.

4.ICMP is encapsulated within UDP datagrams.

A.1 only
B.2 and 3
C.1 and 4
D.All of the above

Answer: B

Correct answer: 2 and 3

Statements 2 and 3 are correct: ICMP carries information about network problems, and its messages are encapsulated within IP datagrams. Statement 1 is wrong - ICMP reports on delivery failures but guarantees nothing, and IP remains best-effort. Statement 4 confuses the encapsulation: ICMP sits directly inside IP with protocol number 1, not inside UDP.

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76.

Which of the following are TCP/IP protocols used at the Application layer of the OSI model?

1.IP

2.TCP

3.Telnet

4.FTP

5.TFTP

A.1 and 3
B.1, 3 and 5
C.3, 4 and 5
D.All of the above

Answer: C

Correct answer: 3, 4 and 5

Telnet, FTP and TFTP are all application layer protocols. IP is at the Internet layer and TCP at the Host-to-Host layer, so neither belongs at the Application layer - they are what the application protocols run over. Note that TFTP counts here despite using UDP: the transport it chooses does not change the layer it occupies.

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77.

What protocol is used to find the hardware address of a local device?

A.RARP
B.ARP
C.IP
D.ICMP

Answer: B

Correct answer: ARP

ARP resolves a known IP address to the hardware address on the local segment, by broadcasting a request that every host sees and only the owner answers. RARP does the reverse, obtaining an IP address from a known hardware address, and ICMP reports errors rather than resolving anything. The result is held in the ARP cache, which show ip arp displays.

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78.

Which of the following protocols uses both TCP and UDP?

A.FTP
B.SMTP
C.Telnet
D.DNS

Answer: D

Correct answer: DNS

DNS uses UDP port 53 for ordinary queries, because a query and its reply are small and a lost one is simply retried, and TCP port 53 when the response exceeds what a single datagram will carry and for zone transfers between servers. FTP, SMTP and Telnet all use TCP alone.

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79.

What is the address range of a Class B network address in binary?

A.01xxxxxx
B.0xxxxxxx
C.10xxxxxx
D.110xxxxx

Answer: C

Correct answer: 10xxxxxx

The classes are distinguished by their leading bits: Class A begins with 0, Class B with 10, Class C with 110 and Class D with 1110. So a Class B address starts 10 in binary, which corresponds to a first octet of 128 to 191 in decimal - and reading it that way is a useful cross-check.

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