Economic Activities and Regional Development Questions and Answers

Q: Biogas is essentially a mixture of

Biogas is essentially a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide.It is produced when organic matter such as cattle dung, plant waste and kitchen waste decomposes without air (anaerobic digestion) in a biogas plant. Methane makes up roughly half to three-quarters of the gas and is what burns; most of the rest is carbon dioxide, with small amounts of hydrogen, hydrogen sulphide and nitrogen.Nitrogen and hydrogen occur only as traces, and helium is not formed at all, so the options pairing methane with those gases describe the wrong main component.

Q: Consider the statements A and B about resources and choose the correct answer.A. All resources have economic value.B. Time and technology are two important factors that can change substance into resource.

A is false, but B is true.The NCERT chapter on resources says that some resources have economic value and some do not. Metals have economic value, but a beautiful landscape has none, though it is still a resource because it is important and meets human needs. So 'all resources have economic value' is false.The same chapter says that time and technology are two important factors that can change substances into resources: water became a resource for electricity only when the technology to generate hydel power existed. So B is true. Since A is false, the options saying both are true, with or without B as the explanation, are wrong.

Q: Choose the correct group of conventional sources of energy from the following :

The conventional group is oil, natural gas, firewood.Conventional sources of energy are those in common use for a long time: firewood, cattle dung cake, coal, petroleum, natural gas and electricity. Non-conventional sources are newer ones such as solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, nuclear energy and biogas.Option B mixes coal and firewood with biogas, a non-conventional source. Option C is entirely non-conventional apart from hydel power, and option D lists nuclear and solar energy, both non-conventional. Only option A has three conventional sources.

Q: Match the types of natural resources (B) with their classification (A) :A (Classification Basis)B (Resource Type)a. Level of development & usei. Actual & Potentialb. Originii. Biotic & Abioticc. Distributioniii. Ubiquitous and localisedd. Stockiv. Renewable and Non-renewable

The correct matching is a-i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv.The NCERT classification of resources goes like this. By level of development and use they are actual (being used, their quantity known) or potential (not yet used). By origin they are biotic (from living things) or abiotic (non-living). By distribution they are ubiquitous (found everywhere, like air) or localised (found in certain places, like copper and iron ore). By stock, that is, whether they can be used up, they are renewable or non-renewable.Each of the other codes moves at least one type to the wrong basis, for example matching origin with actual and potential, which is a classification by development.

Q: Railway network is now extensively being built in mountainous areas. Select the most suitable reason.

The most suitable reason is that advanced technological developments enable it.Building railways in mountains is difficult: steep gradients, unstable slopes and deep valleys need long tunnels, high bridges and careful engineering. Modern tunnelling machines, bridge design and slope stabilisation now make such lines possible, as on the Udhampur-Srinagar-Baramulla line with its bridge over the Chenab.Construction in mountains is not easy, erosion makes it harder rather than easier, and railways are built by railway engineers and agencies, not by mountain communities themselves.

Q: India and Bangladesh are leading producers of jute. Choose the correct statements that support growth of jute.(a) It grows well in alluvial soil.(b) It requires high temperature.(c) It requires low temperature and low rainfall.(d) It requires heavy rainfall and humidity.Choose the correct options :

The statements that support jute growth are (a), (b) and (d).Jute grows well on the fertile alluvial soils of river deltas (a), needs high temperatures (b) and needs heavy rainfall and a humid climate (d). This is why the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta in West Bengal and Bangladesh is the world's main jute region, and why jute is called the 'golden fibre'.Statement (c), low temperature and low rainfall, is the opposite of what jute needs, so every option containing (c) is wrong.

Q: What makes an object or substance a resource ?

What makes something a resource is its utility or usability.Anything that can be used to satisfy a need becomes a resource, provided it is technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable. Utility gives value; for example, a plant is just a plant until people find a use for it as food or medicine.Purification, extraction and discovery may be steps that make a substance usable, but what makes it a resource is that it has a use. Something discovered but useless would not count as a resource.

Q: The prairies are known as 'Granaries of the World'. Select the conditions that help in production of surplus wheat in this region.(a) People do not use technology here.(b) People are very hardworking here.(c) Scientific methods of cultivation are used here.(d) There is a lack of rainfall in this region.Choose the correct option :

The key's answer is (b) and (c): the people are hardworking and use scientific methods of cultivation.The prairies of North America are called the 'Granaries of the World' because of their huge wheat surplus. The key credits the surplus to the farmers themselves: hard work on very large farms, and scientific, highly mechanised methods of cultivation with machines, fertilisers and improved seed.Statement (a) is the opposite of the truth, since prairie farming is highly mechanised, and (d) is wrong because the region receives enough moderate rainfall for wheat. So the options containing (a) or (d) are wrong.

Q: Many workshops and factories located in industrial areas employ casual workers because :(a) They can hire and fire them according to their convenience.(b) They save on salaries and other job benefits which are paid to the permanent workers.(c) Casual workers work long hours without demanding overtime wages.(d) Casual workers are more hard working as compared to permanent ones.Choose the correct option :

The reasons are (a), (b) and (c).As the NCERT text on the unorganised sector explains, employers prefer casual workers because they can hire and fire them as it suits them (a), they save on the salary and benefits paid to permanent workers, such as provident fund, paid leave and medical facilities (b), and casual workers often have to work long hours without overtime pay (c).Statement (d), that casual workers are more hardworking, is a generalisation with no basis; employers hire them for cost and flexibility, not because they work harder. So options containing (d) are wrong.

Q: Consider the statements A and B about land use and choose the correct answer :A. Land use refers to use of land exclusively for agriculture and forestry.B. Land use is primarily determined by its topography.

Both A and B are false.A is false: land use refers to all uses of land, including agriculture and forestry but also mining, roads, industries and settlements, not to agriculture and forestry exclusively.B is false as stated: the NCERT textbook says land use is determined by physical factors such as topography, soil, climate, minerals and water, and also by human factors such as population and technology. Topography is one factor among several, not the primary one, so the key treats the statement as false.

21.

Biogas is essentially a mixture of

A.Methane and Carbon dioxide
B.Methane and Nitrogen
C.Methane and Hydrogen
D.Methane and Helium

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2021,

Answer: A

Biogas is essentially a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide.

It is produced when organic matter such as cattle dung, plant waste and kitchen waste decomposes without air (anaerobic digestion) in a biogas plant. Methane makes up roughly half to three-quarters of the gas and is what burns; most of the rest is carbon dioxide, with small amounts of hydrogen, hydrogen sulphide and nitrogen.

Nitrogen and hydrogen occur only as traces, and helium is not formed at all, so the options pairing methane with those gases describe the wrong main component.

Discuss in Forum

22.

Consider the statements A and B about resources and choose the correct answer.

A. All resources have economic value.
B. Time and technology are two important factors that can change substance into resource.

A.A is false, but B is true.
B.A is true, but B is false.
C.Both A & B are true and B is the correct explanation of A.
D.Both A & B are true but B is not a correct explanation of A.

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2021,

Answer: A

A is false, but B is true.

The NCERT chapter on resources says that some resources have economic value and some do not. Metals have economic value, but a beautiful landscape has none, though it is still a resource because it is important and meets human needs. So 'all resources have economic value' is false.

The same chapter says that time and technology are two important factors that can change substances into resources: water became a resource for electricity only when the technology to generate hydel power existed. So B is true. Since A is false, the options saying both are true, with or without B as the explanation, are wrong.

Discuss in Forum

23.

Choose the correct group of conventional sources of energy from the following :

A.Oil, natural gas, firewood
B.Coal, firewood, biogas
C.Hydel power, geothermal energy, tidal energy
D.Nuclear energy, solar energy, hydel power

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2021,

Answer: A

The conventional group is oil, natural gas, firewood.

Conventional sources of energy are those in common use for a long time: firewood, cattle dung cake, coal, petroleum, natural gas and electricity. Non-conventional sources are newer ones such as solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, nuclear energy and biogas.

Option B mixes coal and firewood with biogas, a non-conventional source. Option C is entirely non-conventional apart from hydel power, and option D lists nuclear and solar energy, both non-conventional. Only option A has three conventional sources.

Discuss in Forum

24.

Match the types of natural resources (B) with their classification (A) :

A (Classification Basis)	B (Resource Type)
a. Level of development & use	i. Actual & Potential
b. Origin	ii. Biotic & Abiotic
c. Distribution	iii. Ubiquitous and localised
d. Stock	iv. Renewable and Non-renewable

A.a-i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv
B.a-ii, b-i, c-iv, d-iii
C.a-iii, b-iv, c-i, d-ii
D.a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2021,

Answer: A

The correct matching is a-i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv.

The NCERT classification of resources goes like this. By level of development and use they are actual (being used, their quantity known) or potential (not yet used). By origin they are biotic (from living things) or abiotic (non-living). By distribution they are ubiquitous (found everywhere, like air) or localised (found in certain places, like copper and iron ore). By stock, that is, whether they can be used up, they are renewable or non-renewable.

Each of the other codes moves at least one type to the wrong basis, for example matching origin with actual and potential, which is a classification by development.

Discuss in Forum

25.

Railway network is now extensively being built in mountainous areas. Select the most suitable reason.

A.It is easy to construct railways in mountains.
B.Mountains are highly eroded.
C.Mountain people are making railways.
D.There are advanced technological developments to enable it.

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2024,

Answer: D

The most suitable reason is that advanced technological developments enable it.

Building railways in mountains is difficult: steep gradients, unstable slopes and deep valleys need long tunnels, high bridges and careful engineering. Modern tunnelling machines, bridge design and slope stabilisation now make such lines possible, as on the Udhampur-Srinagar-Baramulla line with its bridge over the Chenab.

Construction in mountains is not easy, erosion makes it harder rather than easier, and railways are built by railway engineers and agencies, not by mountain communities themselves.

Discuss in Forum

26.

India and Bangladesh are leading producers of jute. Choose the correct statements that support growth of jute.

(a) It grows well in alluvial soil.
(b) It requires high temperature.
(c) It requires low temperature and low rainfall.
(d) It requires heavy rainfall and humidity.

Choose the correct options :

A.(a), (b), (c) are correct
B.(a), (b), (d) are correct
C.(b), (c), (d) are correct
D.(a), (c), (d) are correct

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2024,

Answer: B

The statements that support jute growth are (a), (b) and (d).

Jute grows well on the fertile alluvial soils of river deltas (a), needs high temperatures (b) and needs heavy rainfall and a humid climate (d). This is why the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta in West Bengal and Bangladesh is the world's main jute region, and why jute is called the 'golden fibre'.

Statement (c), low temperature and low rainfall, is the opposite of what jute needs, so every option containing (c) is wrong.

Discuss in Forum

27.

What makes an object or substance a resource ?

A.Purification
B.Utility or usability
C.Extraction
D.Discovery of object

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2024,

Answer: B

What makes something a resource is its utility or usability.

Anything that can be used to satisfy a need becomes a resource, provided it is technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable. Utility gives value; for example, a plant is just a plant until people find a use for it as food or medicine.

Purification, extraction and discovery may be steps that make a substance usable, but what makes it a resource is that it has a use. Something discovered but useless would not count as a resource.

Discuss in Forum

28.

The prairies are known as 'Granaries of the World'. Select the conditions that help in production of surplus wheat in this region.

(a) People do not use technology here.
(b) People are very hardworking here.
(c) Scientific methods of cultivation are used here.
(d) There is a lack of rainfall in this region.

Choose the correct option :

A.(a) and (b) are correct
B.(b) and (c) are correct
C.(a) and (d) are correct
D.(c) and (d) are correct

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2024,

Answer: B

The key's answer is (b) and (c): the people are hardworking and use scientific methods of cultivation.

The prairies of North America are called the 'Granaries of the World' because of their huge wheat surplus. The key credits the surplus to the farmers themselves: hard work on very large farms, and scientific, highly mechanised methods of cultivation with machines, fertilisers and improved seed.

Statement (a) is the opposite of the truth, since prairie farming is highly mechanised, and (d) is wrong because the region receives enough moderate rainfall for wheat. So the options containing (a) or (d) are wrong.

Discuss in Forum

29.

Many workshops and factories located in industrial areas employ casual workers because :

(a) They can hire and fire them according to their convenience.
(b) They save on salaries and other job benefits which are paid to the permanent workers.
(c) Casual workers work long hours without demanding overtime wages.
(d) Casual workers are more hard working as compared to permanent ones.

Choose the correct option :

A.(a), (b) and (c)
B.(b), (c) and (d)
C.(a), (b) and (d)
D.(a), (b), (c) and (d)

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2024,

Answer: A

The reasons are (a), (b) and (c).

As the NCERT text on the unorganised sector explains, employers prefer casual workers because they can hire and fire them as it suits them (a), they save on the salary and benefits paid to permanent workers, such as provident fund, paid leave and medical facilities (b), and casual workers often have to work long hours without overtime pay (c).

Statement (d), that casual workers are more hardworking, is a generalisation with no basis; employers hire them for cost and flexibility, not because they work harder. So options containing (d) are wrong.

Discuss in Forum

30.

Consider the statements A and B about land use and choose the correct answer :

A. Land use refers to use of land exclusively for agriculture and forestry.
B. Land use is primarily determined by its topography.

A.A is true and B is false.
B.A is false and B is true.
C.Both A and B are true.
D.Both A and B are false.

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2019,

Answer: D

Both A and B are false.

A is false: land use refers to all uses of land, including agriculture and forestry but also mining, roads, industries and settlements, not to agriculture and forestry exclusively.

B is false as stated: the NCERT textbook says land use is determined by physical factors such as topography, soil, climate, minerals and water, and also by human factors such as population and technology. Topography is one factor among several, not the primary one, so the key treats the statement as false.

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