Population and Settlement Geography Questions and Answers

Q: The cities have witnessed increasing rural-urban migration which has resulted in growth of slum areas near the industrial sites. The reasons for this type of migration are :A. Deterioration in living standards in urban areasB. Disruption of rural labour marketC. Decreased agricultural productivityD. Increased skilled workforce in rural areasChoose the correct option :

The reasons are B and C.People migrate from villages to cities mainly because of distress in rural areas. When the rural labour market is disrupted, for example by mechanisation or the loss of traditional occupations, and when agricultural productivity falls, people cannot earn enough at home and move to cities in search of work, often settling in slums near industrial sites.Deterioration in urban living standards (A) is a result of this migration, not a reason for it, and it would discourage people from coming. An increase in skilled workers in rural areas (D) is not a cause of distress migration. Options including A or D are wrong.

Q: Which type of rural settlement is mostly found in hilly tracts, thick forests and regions of extreme climate?

Such regions have scattered settlements.In hilly tracts, thick forests and areas of extreme climate, flat cultivable land, water and other resources occur only in small patches, so houses are built far apart wherever a family can make a living. These spread-out dwellings form a scattered (dispersed) settlement.The other types need different conditions. Compact or nucleated settlements, the same idea under two names, grow where houses cluster closely together, typically on fertile plains with plentiful water. Linear settlements stretch along a road, a river, a railway or a coast.

Q: The branch of geography which deals with composition of a particular human population is called-

The branch is demography.Demography is the study of human population: its size, composition (age, sex, literacy, occupation), distribution, density and change through births, deaths and migration.Urban geography studies towns and cities, biogeography studies the distribution of plants and animals, and human geography is the broad field covering all human activity on the earth, of which population study is only one part. The question asks for the specific branch.

Q: Transhumance is related to

Transhumance is related to the movement of people.Transhumance is the seasonal movement of people with their herds between pastures, for example herders of the Himalaya and the Alps who take their animals to high meadows in summer and bring them down to the valleys in winter. NCERT describes the Gujjar Bakarwals and the Gaddis this way.A closely built area of houses is a compact settlement, artificial enclosures for small plants are something like a greenhouse or terrarium, and the places where settlements develop are a matter of site. None of these is transhumance.

Q: A population pyramid narrow at the base and higher in size reflects :A. High death rates of infantsB. Low birth ratesC. Increased life expectancyD. Decreased death ratesChoose the correct option :

The answer is Only B, C and D.A population pyramid narrow at the base has few people in the youngest age groups, which means a low birth rate (B). When the pyramid stays broad higher up, more people are surviving into the older age groups, which reflects decreasing death rates (D) and increased life expectancy (C). This is the shape of developed countries such as Japan.A high death rate among infants (A) belongs to the opposite shape: a pyramid broad at the base and narrowing quickly, as in countries with high birth and death rates. So every option including A is wrong.

Q: Consider the following statements about migration :A. Migration has no effect on population size as people emigrate from the country and almost an equal number of them immigrate to the country.B. International migration is largely from the less developed nations to the more developed nations.C. Sudan is an example of a country that has experienced a loss in population due to emigration.Choose the correct option :

Statements B and C are correct, so the answer is Only B and C are correct.International migration has largely flowed from less developed countries to more developed ones, in search of better jobs (B). Sudan is the textbook example of a country that has lost population through emigration, just as the USA and Australia have gained through immigration (C).Statement A is false. Migration changes population size whenever emigration and immigration do not balance, and there is no rule that roughly equal numbers come in as go out. That is why some countries gain and others lose people. Every option including A is therefore wrong.

Q: Read the following statements in reference to agricultural labourers :Statement A : Employment guarantee programmes in rural areas can decrease migration from rural to urban areas.Statement B : One of the main reasons for rural to urban migration has been the higher income jobs available in urban areas.Choose the correct option.

Both A and B are true but B is not the reason for A.Statement A is true. Employment guarantee programmes, such as the scheme under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, give rural households a set number of days of paid work near home, so fewer labourers have to leave their villages in search of work when there is none on the farms.Statement B is also true: higher-income jobs in towns and cities have long pulled people from villages. But B does not explain A. A works because it offers work in the village where there was none; B describes why people migrate in general. So the option making B the reason for A is wrong, as are the options calling either statement false.

Q: A population pyramid with big base and skinny top shows :(a) High birth rates(b) High death rates in higher age group(c) Relatively large number of young population(d) Large number of deaths of infantsChoose the correct option :

The answer is Only (a), (b) and (c).A population pyramid shows how many people there are in each age group. A wide base means a large number of children, which comes from high birth rates (a) and gives a relatively large young population (c). A narrow, skinny top means few people survive into old age, reflecting high death rates in the higher age groups (b) and a short life expectancy. This is the typical shape for countries with high birth and death rates.Statement (d) is not read from this shape. A pyramid shows the people alive in each age group, not deaths; heavy infant mortality would in fact thin out the youngest bar rather than widen it. So (d) is excluded.

Q: Consider the following statements and choose the correct option.Statement (A) : Investment in non-farm activities in rural areas can reduce the rural urban migration.Statement (R) : Migration increases during particular season when there are no agricultural activities in rural areas.

The answer is Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).Statement R is true: much rural migration is seasonal. When there is no agricultural work between sowing and harvest, or after the harvest, people move to towns and cities in search of wages.That is why statement A holds. If there is investment in non-farm activities in rural areas, such as dairying, small industry, food processing, shops and services, people can earn during the slack season without leaving home. The seasonal gap in farm work described in R is the cause of migration that such investment removes, so R explains A.

The cities have witnessed increasing rural-urban migration which has resulted in growth of slum areas near the industrial sites. The reasons for this type of migration are :

A. Deterioration in living standards in urban areas
B. Disruption of rural labour market
C. Decreased agricultural productivity
D. Increased skilled workforce in rural areas

Choose the correct option :

A.A, B and D
B.A, C and D
C.A, B, C and D
D.B and C

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2023,

Answer: D

The reasons are B and C.

People migrate from villages to cities mainly because of distress in rural areas. When the rural labour market is disrupted, for example by mechanisation or the loss of traditional occupations, and when agricultural productivity falls, people cannot earn enough at home and move to cities in search of work, often settling in slums near industrial sites.

Deterioration in urban living standards (A) is a result of this migration, not a reason for it, and it would discourage people from coming. An increase in skilled workers in rural areas (D) is not a cause of distress migration. Options including A or D are wrong.

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Which type of rural settlement is mostly found in hilly tracts, thick forests and regions of extreme climate?

A.Compact
B.Nucleated
C.Scattered
D.Linear

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2024,

Answer: C

Such regions have scattered settlements.

In hilly tracts, thick forests and areas of extreme climate, flat cultivable land, water and other resources occur only in small patches, so houses are built far apart wherever a family can make a living. These spread-out dwellings form a scattered (dispersed) settlement.

The other types need different conditions. Compact or nucleated settlements, the same idea under two names, grow where houses cluster closely together, typically on fertile plains with plentiful water. Linear settlements stretch along a road, a river, a railway or a coast.

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The branch of geography which deals with composition of a particular human population is called-

A.urban geography
B.biogeography
C.demography
D.human geography

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2018,

Answer: C

The branch is demography.

Demography is the study of human population: its size, composition (age, sex, literacy, occupation), distribution, density and change through births, deaths and migration.

Urban geography studies towns and cities, biogeography studies the distribution of plants and animals, and human geography is the broad field covering all human activity on the earth, of which population study is only one part. The question asks for the specific branch.

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Transhumance is related to

A.Movement of people
B.Closely built area of houses
C.Artificial enclosures for keeping small house plants.
D.Places where settlements develops

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2019,

Answer: A

Transhumance is related to the movement of people.

Transhumance is the seasonal movement of people with their herds between pastures, for example herders of the Himalaya and the Alps who take their animals to high meadows in summer and bring them down to the valleys in winter. NCERT describes the Gujjar Bakarwals and the Gaddis this way.

A closely built area of houses is a compact settlement, artificial enclosures for small plants are something like a greenhouse or terrarium, and the places where settlements develop are a matter of site. None of these is transhumance.

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A population pyramid narrow at the base and higher in size reflects :

A. High death rates of infants
B. Low birth rates
C. Increased life expectancy
D. Decreased death rates

Choose the correct option :

A.Only A, B and C
B.Only A, C and D
C.Only B, C and D
D.Only A and B

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2026,

Answer: C

The answer is Only B, C and D.

A population pyramid narrow at the base has few people in the youngest age groups, which means a low birth rate (B). When the pyramid stays broad higher up, more people are surviving into the older age groups, which reflects decreasing death rates (D) and increased life expectancy (C). This is the shape of developed countries such as Japan.

A high death rate among infants (A) belongs to the opposite shape: a pyramid broad at the base and narrowing quickly, as in countries with high birth and death rates. So every option including A is wrong.

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Consider the following statements about migration :

A. Migration has no effect on population size as people emigrate from the country and almost an equal number of them immigrate to the country.
B. International migration is largely from the less developed nations to the more developed nations.
C. Sudan is an example of a country that has experienced a loss in population due to emigration.

Choose the correct option :

A.Only A and C are correct.
B.Only A and B are correct.
C.All A, B and C are correct.
D.Only B and C are correct.

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2026,

Answer: D

Statements B and C are correct, so the answer is Only B and C are correct.

International migration has largely flowed from less developed countries to more developed ones, in search of better jobs (B). Sudan is the textbook example of a country that has lost population through emigration, just as the USA and Australia have gained through immigration (C).

Statement A is false. Migration changes population size whenever emigration and immigration do not balance, and there is no rule that roughly equal numbers come in as go out. That is why some countries gain and others lose people. Every option including A is therefore wrong.

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Read the following statements in reference to agricultural labourers :

Statement A : Employment guarantee programmes in rural areas can decrease migration from rural to urban areas.
Statement B : One of the main reasons for rural to urban migration has been the higher income jobs available in urban areas.

Choose the correct option.

A.A is true but B is false
B.A is false but B is true
C.Both A and B are true and B is the reason for A
D.Both A and B are true but B is not the reason for A

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2026,

Answer: D

Both A and B are true but B is not the reason for A.

Statement A is true. Employment guarantee programmes, such as the scheme under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, give rural households a set number of days of paid work near home, so fewer labourers have to leave their villages in search of work when there is none on the farms.

Statement B is also true: higher-income jobs in towns and cities have long pulled people from villages. But B does not explain A. A works because it offers work in the village where there was none; B describes why people migrate in general. So the option making B the reason for A is wrong, as are the options calling either statement false.

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A population pyramid with big base and skinny top shows :

(a) High birth rates
(b) High death rates in higher age group
(c) Relatively large number of young population
(d) Large number of deaths of infants

Choose the correct option :

A.Only (a) and (b)
B.Only (a), (b) and (c)
C.Only (b), (c) and (d)
D.Only (a), (c) and (d)

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2024,

Answer: B

The answer is Only (a), (b) and (c).

A population pyramid shows how many people there are in each age group. A wide base means a large number of children, which comes from high birth rates (a) and gives a relatively large young population (c). A narrow, skinny top means few people survive into old age, reflecting high death rates in the higher age groups (b) and a short life expectancy. This is the typical shape for countries with high birth and death rates.

Statement (d) is not read from this shape. A pyramid shows the people alive in each age group, not deaths; heavy infant mortality would in fact thin out the youngest bar rather than widen it. So (d) is excluded.

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Consider the following statements and choose the correct option.

Statement (A) : Investment in non-farm activities in rural areas can reduce the rural urban migration.
Statement (R) : Migration increases during particular season when there are no agricultural activities in rural areas.

A.Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
B.Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
C.(A) is true but (R) is false
D.Both (A) and (R) are false

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2024,

Answer: A

The answer is Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Statement R is true: much rural migration is seasonal. When there is no agricultural work between sowing and harvest, or after the harvest, people move to towns and cities in search of wages.

That is why statement A holds. If there is investment in non-farm activities in rural areas, such as dairying, small industry, food processing, shops and services, people can earn during the slack season without leaving home. The seasonal gap in farm work described in R is the cause of migration that such investment removes, so R explains A.

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10.

Which of the following Indian state has recorded negative population growth according to 2011 Indian population census ?

A.Kerala
B.Nagaland
C.Goa
D.Haryana

Exam Year(s)

JPSC Civil Services - 2021,

Answer: B

The state with negative population growth in the 2011 Census was Nagaland.

Nagaland's population fell from about 19.9 lakh in 2001 to about 19.8 lakh in 2011, a decadal growth of roughly -0.6 percent, the only state to record a decline. Part of the explanation offered was that the 2001 count had been inflated, so the 2011 figure corrected it.

Kerala grew slowly (about 4.9 percent) but still grew. Goa (about 8 percent) and Haryana (about 20 percent) also recorded positive growth.

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