Match the List-I and List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :List-IList-II(a) Acid rain(1) CHCl2 CHF2(b) Photochemical smog(2) CO(c) Combination with hemoglobin(3) CO2(d) Depletion of ozone(4) Unsaturated hydrocarbons

The correct matching is a-3, b-4, c-2, d-1.Acid rain: among the listed gases, CO2 dissolves in rain to form carbonic acid; the stronger acids come mainly from sulphur and nitrogen oxides.Photochemical smog forms when sunlight acts on nitrogen oxides and unsaturated hydrocarbons, producing ozone and PAN.Carbon monoxide combines with haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin and blocks oxygen transport.Ozone depletion is caused by chlorine from halogenated compounds such as the listed CHCl2CHF2.Options A, C and D all link CO with acid rain, so only option B fits.

Match the List-I and List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :List-IList-II(a) Green plants(1) Decomposers(b) Animal parasites(2) Primary consumers(c) Plant parasites(3) Secondary consumers(d) Fungi(4) Producer

The correct matching is a-4, b-3, c-2, d-1.Green plants make food by photosynthesis, so they are producers.Animal parasites feed on animals, which are themselves consumers, so they are secondary consumers.Plant parasites feed directly on plants, so they are primary consumers.Fungi break down dead organic matter, so they are decomposers.Option A makes green plants secondary consumers, option B makes them decomposers, and option C makes them primary consumers, all of which are wrong.

Environmental Geography Questions and Answers

Q: Which one of the following is not a method of desalination ?

Electrochlorosis is not a method of desalination.Desalination removes dissolved salts from sea or brackish water. Distillation evaporates the water and condenses the vapour, leaving salts behind. Reverse osmosis forces water through a semi-permeable membrane that holds back the salts. Electrodialysis uses an electric field to draw salt ions through ion-selective membranes, separating fresh water from brine.'Electrochlorosis' is not a desalination technique. (Electrochlorination, which produces chlorine from brine for disinfection, adds a chemical to water rather than removing salt.)

Q: A plant adapted to saline condition is called.......... .

A plant adapted to saline conditions is a halophyte.Halophytes, from the Greek for 'salt plant', grow in salt marshes, mangroves, salt flats and saline deserts. They cope with salt by excluding it at the roots, excreting it through salt glands, or storing it in succulent tissues, as in the mangroves of the Sundarbans and plants such as Salicornia.Glycophytes are ordinary plants that cannot tolerate salt, hydrophytes are adapted to growing in water, and xerophytes to dry conditions.

Q: 'Kyoto Protocol' an agreement signed by various countries is associated with :

The Kyoto Protocol is associated with clean environment and climate change.Adopted in Kyoto in 1997 under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and in force from 2005, the Kyoto Protocol set legally binding targets for developed countries to cut their greenhouse gas emissions, with an average reduction of about 5% below 1990 levels in 2008-2012. It introduced mechanisms such as emissions trading and the Clean Development Mechanism.It has nothing to do with food stocks, the World Trade Organisation or deep-sea mineral exploration.

Q: In which year was 'Disaster Management Act' introduced in India ?

The Disaster Management Act was introduced in 2005.After the Gujarat earthquake of 2001 and the Indian Ocean tsunami of December 2004, Parliament passed the Disaster Management Act, 2005. It created the National Disaster Management Authority, chaired by the Prime Minister, state and district disaster management authorities, and the National Disaster Response Force.2008, 2009 and 2010 are later years; the National Policy on Disaster Management followed in 2009, but the Act itself dates from 2005.

Q: What is the difference between Hazard and Disaster ?

The difference is that hazards have potential for damaging different forms of life and disaster is the actual experience of hazard.A hazard is a potential threat, such as an earthquake-prone fault, a cyclone or a flood-prone river, that could harm people, property and the environment. A disaster occurs when a hazard actually strikes a vulnerable community and causes damage and losses beyond its capacity to cope.Both hazards and disasters can be natural or human-made, so the options that call one natural and the other artificial or manmade are wrong, and a hazard is the potential, not the actual experience.

Q: One of the following is not one of the major biomes :

Of the four, woodland is not one of the major biomes.The major terrestrial biomes of the standard textbook scheme are broad formations defined by climate and dominant vegetation: forest (tropical, temperate and boreal), grassland (including savanna), desert and tundra. Desert, tundra and forest therefore all appear in the list.Woodland, an open stand of trees whose crowns do not form a closed canopy, is treated as a vegetation type within or between those biomes, for example in the transition from forest to savanna or in Mediterranean scrub, rather than as a major biome of its own. That makes it the odd one out here.

51.

Which one of the following is not a method of desalination ?

A.Distillation
B.Reverse Osmosis
C.Electrodialysis
D.Electrochlorosis

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: D

Electrochlorosis is not a method of desalination.

Desalination removes dissolved salts from sea or brackish water. Distillation evaporates the water and condenses the vapour, leaving salts behind. Reverse osmosis forces water through a semi-permeable membrane that holds back the salts. Electrodialysis uses an electric field to draw salt ions through ion-selective membranes, separating fresh water from brine.

'Electrochlorosis' is not a desalination technique. (Electrochlorination, which produces chlorine from brine for disinfection, adds a chemical to water rather than removing salt.)

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52.

A plant adapted to saline condition is called.......... .

A.Glycophytes
B.Halophytes
C.Hydrophytes
D.Xerophytes

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: B

A plant adapted to saline conditions is a halophyte.

Halophytes, from the Greek for 'salt plant', grow in salt marshes, mangroves, salt flats and saline deserts. They cope with salt by excluding it at the roots, excreting it through salt glands, or storing it in succulent tissues, as in the mangroves of the Sundarbans and plants such as Salicornia.

Glycophytes are ordinary plants that cannot tolerate salt, hydrophytes are adapted to growing in water, and xerophytes to dry conditions.

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53.

Match the List-I and List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :

List-I	List-II
(a) Acid rain	(1) CHCl₂ CHF₂
(b) Photochemical smog	(2) CO
(c) Combination with hemoglobin	(3) CO₂
(d) Depletion of ozone	(4) Unsaturated hydrocarbons

A.a-2, b-3, c-4, d-1
B.a-3, b-4, c-2, d-1
C.a-2, b-1, c-4, d-3
D.a-2, b-3, c-1, d-4

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: B

The correct matching is a-3, b-4, c-2, d-1.

Acid rain: among the listed gases, CO₂ dissolves in rain to form carbonic acid; the stronger acids come mainly from sulphur and nitrogen oxides.
Photochemical smog forms when sunlight acts on nitrogen oxides and unsaturated hydrocarbons, producing ozone and PAN.
Carbon monoxide combines with haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin and blocks oxygen transport.
Ozone depletion is caused by chlorine from halogenated compounds such as the listed CHCl₂CHF₂.

Options A, C and D all link CO with acid rain, so only option B fits.

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54.

Match the List-I and List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :

List-I	List-II
(a) Green plants	(1) Decomposers
(b) Animal parasites	(2) Primary consumers
(c) Plant parasites	(3) Secondary consumers
(d) Fungi	(4) Producer

A.a-3, b-4, c-2, d-1
B.a-1, b-3, c-4, d-2
C.a-2, b-1, c-3, d-4
D.a-4, b-3, c-2, d-1

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: D

The correct matching is a-4, b-3, c-2, d-1.

Green plants make food by photosynthesis, so they are producers.
Animal parasites feed on animals, which are themselves consumers, so they are secondary consumers.
Plant parasites feed directly on plants, so they are primary consumers.
Fungi break down dead organic matter, so they are decomposers.

Option A makes green plants secondary consumers, option B makes them decomposers, and option C makes them primary consumers, all of which are wrong.

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55.

Assertion (A) : Ecosystems are called as open systems.
Reason (R) : Ecosystem is a complex system of interactions between organisms and the physical enrolment.

Which one of the following is correct ?

A.Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
B.Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
C.(A) is true but (R) is false
D.Both (A) and (R) are false

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: B

Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Ecosystems are open systems because energy and matter cross their boundaries: sunlight enters and heat leaves, and water, nutrients and organisms move in and out. The reason, that an ecosystem is a complex system of interactions between organisms and their physical environment (printed 'enrolment'), is also true; it is the definition of an ecosystem.

But the definition does not say why the system is open; that depends on the flow of energy and materials across its boundaries, so R does not explain A.

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56.

Assertion (A) : Excessive use of pesticides in crop field is causing the washouts to get mixed in water of adjoining fresh water aquatic ecosystem resulting in the decline in the populations of fish eating birds and falcons.
Reason (R) : Pollutants may alter natural habitats and bring about changes in the food chain.

Which one of the following is correct ?

A.Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
B.Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
C.(A) is true but (R) is false
D.(A) is false but (R) is true

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: A

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Persistent pesticides such as DDT wash from fields into lakes and rivers, where they accumulate in plankton and fish and become more concentrated at each step up the food chain (biomagnification). Fish-eating birds and falcons at the top of the chain receive the highest doses, which thinned their eggshells and caused the population crashes of birds such as the peregrine falcon and osprey.

The reason states the general principle, that pollutants alter habitats and change food chains, and the assertion is a direct example of it, so R explains A.

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57.

'Kyoto Protocol' an agreement signed by various countries is associated with :

A.Building common food stock to save human beings from any natural disaster
B.Clean environment and climate change
C.World Trade Organisation
D.Deep sea oil and mineral exploration

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: B

The Kyoto Protocol is associated with clean environment and climate change.

Adopted in Kyoto in 1997 under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and in force from 2005, the Kyoto Protocol set legally binding targets for developed countries to cut their greenhouse gas emissions, with an average reduction of about 5% below 1990 levels in 2008-2012. It introduced mechanisms such as emissions trading and the Clean Development Mechanism.

It has nothing to do with food stocks, the World Trade Organisation or deep-sea mineral exploration.

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58.

In which year was 'Disaster Management Act' introduced in India ?

A.2010
B.2008
C.2005
D.2009

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: C

The Disaster Management Act was introduced in 2005.

After the Gujarat earthquake of 2001 and the Indian Ocean tsunami of December 2004, Parliament passed the Disaster Management Act, 2005. It created the National Disaster Management Authority, chaired by the Prime Minister, state and district disaster management authorities, and the National Disaster Response Force.

2008, 2009 and 2010 are later years; the National Policy on Disaster Management followed in 2009, but the Act itself dates from 2005.

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59.

What is the difference between Hazard and Disaster ?

A.Hazard is natural but disaster is artificial.
B.Hazards have potential for damaging different forms of life and disaster is the actual experience of hazard.
C.Hazard is actual experience and disaster is natural event.
D.Hazard is actual experience and disaster is manmade event.

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: B

The difference is that hazards have potential for damaging different forms of life and disaster is the actual experience of hazard.

A hazard is a potential threat, such as an earthquake-prone fault, a cyclone or a flood-prone river, that could harm people, property and the environment. A disaster occurs when a hazard actually strikes a vulnerable community and causes damage and losses beyond its capacity to cope.

Both hazards and disasters can be natural or human-made, so the options that call one natural and the other artificial or manmade are wrong, and a hazard is the potential, not the actual experience.

Discuss in Forum

60.

One of the following is not one of the major biomes :

A.Desert
B.Tundra
C.Forest
D.Woodland

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: D

Of the four, woodland is not one of the major biomes.

The major terrestrial biomes of the standard textbook scheme are broad formations defined by climate and dominant vegetation: forest (tropical, temperate and boreal), grassland (including savanna), desert and tundra. Desert, tundra and forest therefore all appear in the list.

Woodland, an open stand of trees whose crowns do not form a closed canopy, is treated as a vegetation type within or between those biomes, for example in the transition from forest to savanna or in Mediterranean scrub, rather than as a major biome of its own. That makes it the odd one out here.

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