The following table shows the number of new employees added and the number of employees who left a company for a given period. The company had 500 employees at the beginning of 2015.
| Year | Initial Employees at Start of Year | New Joinees | Employees Left |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2015 | 500 | - | - |
| 2016 | 500 | 100 | 50 |
| 2017 | 550 | 150 | 80 |
| 2018 | 620 | 200 | 100 |
What was the number of employees at the end of the year 2017?
Answer: C
This is a cumulative calculation.
End of 2015: 500 employees.
Start of 2016: 500 employees. End of 2016 = 500 + 100 - 50 = 550 employees.
Start of 2017: 550 employees. End of 2017 = 550 + 150 - 80 = 700 - 80 = 620 employees.
The number of employees at the end of 2017 was 620.
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What was the net percentage change in the number of employees from the start of 2015 to the end of 2018?
Answer: C
We need to find the number of employees at the end of 2018.
Start of 2015 = 500.
End of 2017 = 620 (from previous question).
Start of 2018 = 620. End of 2018 = 620 + 200 - 100 = 720.
Initial number = 500. Final number = 720.
Increase = 720 - 500 = 220.
Percentage change = \(\frac{220}{500} \times 100 = 220 / 5 = 44\)%.
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The following line graph gives the ratio of the amounts of imports by a company to the amount of exports from that company over the period from 2014 to 2020. Study the graph and answer the questions that follow.
In how many of the given years were the exports more than the imports?
Answer: D
Exports are more than imports when the amount of imports is less than the amount of exports. This means the ratio of Imports to Exports must be less than 1.
We need to count the years where the ratio value is less than 1.
The years with a ratio less than 1 are:
There are 4 such years.
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If the imports in 2016 were Rs. 280 crores, what were the exports from the company in 2016?
Answer: C
In 2016, the ratio of Imports to Exports was 0.35.
Let I be Imports and E be Exports.
\(\frac{I}{E} = 0.35\)
Given I = Rs. 280 crores.
\(\frac{280}{E} = 0.35\)
E = \(\frac{280}{0.35} = \frac{28000}{35} = 800\).
The exports were Rs. 800 crores.
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The imports were minimum proportionate to the exports of the company in which year?
Answer: C
Imports being minimum proportionate to exports means the ratio of Imports to Exports is minimum.
We just need to find the year with the lowest ratio value on the graph.
The values are: 2014: 0.65, 2015: 0.85, 2016: 0.35, 2017: 1.25, etc.
The minimum value is 0.35, which occurred in the year 2016.
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The following pie chart shows the percentage distribution of the expenditure incurred in publishing a book. Study the chart and answer the questions that follow.
If for a certain quantity of books, the publisher has to pay Rs. 30,600 as printing cost, then what will be the amount of royalty to be paid for these books?
Answer: C
Let the total cost be T.
The printing cost is 20% of the total cost. So, 0.20 × T = Rs. 30,600.
T = 30600 / 0.20 = Rs. 153,000.
The royalty is 15% of the total cost.
Amount of royalty = 15% of 153,000 = 0.15 × 153,000 = Rs. 22,950.
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What is the central angle of the sector corresponding to the expenditure incurred on Royalty?
Answer: C
A pie chart's full circle represents 100%, so each percentage point is 3.6°.
Royalty accounts for 15%:
\[ \frac{15}{100} \times 360^{\circ} = 54^{\circ} \]
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The price of the book is marked 20% above the Cost Price. If the marked price of the book is Rs. 180, then what is the cost of the paper used in a single copy of the book?
Answer: B
Let the Cost Price (CP) be x. The Marked Price (MP) is 20% above CP. So, MP = 1.20 * CP.
180 = 1.20 * CP => CP = 180 / 1.2 = Rs. 150.
The cost of paper is 25% of the total cost price.
Cost of paper = 25% of 150 = 0.25 * 150 = Rs. 37.50.
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The following bar chart shows the sales of books (in thousands) from six branches of a publishing company during two consecutive years 2018 and 2019. Study the chart and answer the questions that follow.
What is the ratio of the total sales of branch B2 for both years to the total sales of branch B4 for both years?
Answer: A
Total sales of branch B2 for both years = 75 + 65 = 140 thousand.
Total sales of branch B4 for both years = 85 + 95 = 180 thousand.
The required ratio is 140 : 180.
Dividing both by 20, we get the simplified ratio 7 : 9.
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Total sales of branch B6 for both years is what percent of the total sales of branch B3 for both years?
Answer: A
Total sales of branch B6 = 70 + 80 = 150 thousand.
Total sales of branch B3 = 95 + 110 = 205 thousand.
Required percentage = \(\frac{\text{Sales of B6}}{\text{Sales of B3}} \times 100\)
= \(\frac{150}{205} \times 100 \approx 73.17\)%.
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