Assertion and Reason Questions and Answers

Answer: A

Correct answer: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Metals expand when heated, so in summer the wire between two poles becomes slightly longer while the poles stay where they are - and the extra length can only go into a deeper sag. The expansion is exactly the cause. Both are true and R explains A.

Answer: C

Correct answer: A is true but R is false.

Eskimos do build igloos of snow, so A is true. But the reason given is wrong: they also use driftwood, whalebone, stone and animal skins, and the igloo is a winter hunting shelter rather than the only thing they can build. R is false.

Answer: B

Correct answer: Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

Both statements are true, but having a constitution is not what makes a country democratic - many undemocratic states have one. India is a democracy because its constitution provides for universal adult suffrage and a government responsible to an elected legislature. R does not explain A.

Answer: C

Correct answer: A is true but R is false.

Pressure-cooker handles really are made of ebonite, so A is true. But the reason is that ebonite is a poor conductor of heat, so the handle stays cool enough to grip - not that it is strong. R is false as a description of the material’s relevant property.

Answer: A

Correct answer: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

An earthen pot is porous, so water seeps slowly to the outside and evaporates there. Evaporation takes latent heat from whatever it leaves behind, so the water inside is cooled. The reason states exactly the mechanism. Both are true and R explains A.

Answer: C

Correct answer: Both A and R are false

A fuse is designed to melt and break the circuit when the current is excessive, so its wire is made of an alloy of tin and lead with a low melting point - and it must carry the normal current freely rather than resist it. Both A and R are false.

Answer: C

Correct answer: A is true but R is false.

Pluto is indeed the coldest of the bodies traditionally counted as planets, at around \( -230^{\circ}\mathrm{C} \), so A is true. But the cause is its enormous distance from the sun - sunlight there is some 1600 times fainter than at the earth - not the slant of the rays, which is what makes the earth’s poles cold. R is false.

Answer: A

Correct answer: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

In its upper course a river is steep and swift, so it carries most energy and cuts downward, forming gorges and V-shaped valleys. The speed of flow is precisely why erosion dominates there, while deposition takes over in the sluggish lower course. Both are true and R explains A.

Answer: B

Correct answer: Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

Both statements are true, but the reason is too narrow. Rivers gave the early civilisations drinking water, fertile silt, a highway for transport and a defensible site - agriculture is only one of the reasons, not the whole explanation. R does not explain A.

Answer: A

Correct answer: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Siddhartha left Kapilavastu after his marriage to Yasodhara and the birth of his son, having seen the sights of old age, sickness and death. His purpose was to renounce worldly attachments and seek release as an ascetic - which is exactly the reason given. Both are true and R explains A.