Educational Studies Questions and Answers

Q: Socialisation is a process of .................... .

Socialisation is a process of learning social habits, attitude and values.Through socialisation an individual learns the language, norms, values, habits and roles of his society and becomes a functioning member of it. It begins in the family and continues through the school, peer group, religion and mass media throughout life.Taking part in school ceremonies is only one occasion on which it happens. Challenging the rules and norms of society is the opposite of learning them, and knowing the achievements of forefathers is cultural knowledge, not the process of becoming social.

Q: The role of education with reference to culture is ..................... .

The role of education with reference to culture is both preservation and promotion.Education transmits the culture of a society to the next generation, preserving its language, values, knowledge and traditions. It also develops culture: it encourages critical thinking and new knowledge, removes outdated practices, and helps a culture grow and adapt to change.Preservation alone and conservation alone describe only the first function, and modernisation only the second. The complete answer combines the two.

Q: ......................... is not social interaction.

Analysis of social process in groups is not social interaction.Social interaction is the reciprocal influence that people have on each other through communication and action: between two individuals, among members of a group, or between groups. Each of the first three options describes such communication.Analysing social processes is a study made by a sociologist or researcher about interaction. It is not itself an act of communication between social actors, which is why it is the odd one out.

Q: Which of the following is an informal agency of education ?

The informal agency is the religious institution.Informal agencies educate incidentally, without a fixed curriculum, timetable or examinations. The family, community, peer group, mass media and religious institutions all shape a person's beliefs, values and conduct in this way, through worship, festivals, stories and moral teaching.An Anganwadi is an organised pre-school and child care centre under the ICDS scheme, and adult education centres and night schools run planned courses for those outside regular schooling. They are formal or non-formal agencies, not informal ones.

Q: A teacher introduces culture of different communities to his students, here he is performing the role as a ......................... .

The teacher is acting as a Communicator of culture.By introducing pupils to the cultures of different communities, the teacher conveys knowledge of customs, beliefs and ways of life from one group to another. That transmission across groups is the communicating role of the teacher, and it builds understanding and tolerance in a plural society.A conservator preserves the pupils' own cultural heritage, a promoter actively develops and advances a culture, and a creator produces new cultural forms. Simply introducing the cultures of others is communication, not any of these.

Q: Who wrote the book "School and Society" ?

The School and Society was written by John Dewey.Published in 1899, the book grew out of lectures Dewey gave about his Laboratory School at the University of Chicago. It argues that the school should be an embryonic community linked to the life of society, with active occupations at its centre rather than passive listening.Auguste Comte founded positivism and coined the word sociology. Emile Durkheim wrote Education and Sociology, and Robert Merton is known for his work on social structure and middle-range theory, but none wrote The School and Society.

Q: Urbanization does not lead to ............................. .

Urbanization does not lead to an increase in the thinking level of the individual.Urbanization is the growth of towns and cities as people move from rural areas. It is closely tied to the development of industries, it creates more and more varied jobs, and it usually raises incomes and economic status. These are its direct economic consequences.An individual's level of thinking depends on education, experience and ability, not on living in a city. Urban life may expose people to new ideas, but it does not of itself raise their thinking level, which is why this option is the exception.

Q: The most dominant impediment for modernisation is ........................ .

The most dominant impediment to modernisation is the caste system.Modernisation requires social mobility, status based on achievement, rational choice of occupation and equality before the law. The caste system fixes status and often occupation by birth, restricts marriage and social contact, and sustains inequality and untouchability, so in Indian sociology it is treated as the chief obstacle to modernisation.Religion, family and marriage can also slow change, but they have adapted more readily, for example through nuclear families and inter-community marriages, while caste remains the most rigid barrier.

Q: The main constraint to social change in India is ....................... .

The main constraint to social change in India is Non-flexibility.Social change requires a society to adjust its customs, institutions and attitudes. Rigid social structures, such as caste rules, traditional family roles and fixed customs, make Indian society slow to adapt, and this inflexibility is what the paper treats as the main constraint.Non-acceptance of novelty is one result of that rigidity rather than the root constraint. International policy is an outside influence that can promote change, and democracy is a means of bringing about change, not a constraint on it.

Q: Promotion of an employee to higher post due to acquisition of qualification is an example of ................... .

It is an example of vertical mobility.Social mobility is movement of a person between positions in the social structure. Vertical mobility is movement up or down the hierarchy of status, income or power; promotion to a higher post after gaining a qualification is upward vertical mobility, because the person's position rises.Horizontal mobility is a change of position at the same level, such as a transfer to another office with the same rank. Diagonal and circular mobility are not standard categories in the basic classification of social mobility.

31.

Socialisation is a process of .................... .

A.Participation in the school ceremonies
B.Challenging the rules and norms of social life
C.Learning social habits, attitude and values
D.Knowing the achivements of fore-fathers

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: C

Socialisation is a process of learning social habits, attitude and values.

Through socialisation an individual learns the language, norms, values, habits and roles of his society and becomes a functioning member of it. It begins in the family and continues through the school, peer group, religion and mass media throughout life.

Taking part in school ceremonies is only one occasion on which it happens. Challenging the rules and norms of society is the opposite of learning them, and knowing the achievements of forefathers is cultural knowledge, not the process of becoming social.

Discuss in Forum

32.

The role of education with reference to culture is ..................... .

A.Preservation
B.Conservation
C.Both preservation and promotion
D.Modernisation

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: C

The role of education with reference to culture is both preservation and promotion.

Education transmits the culture of a society to the next generation, preserving its language, values, knowledge and traditions. It also develops culture: it encourages critical thinking and new knowledge, removes outdated practices, and helps a culture grow and adapt to change.

Preservation alone and conservation alone describe only the first function, and modernisation only the second. The complete answer combines the two.

Discuss in Forum

33.

......................... is not social interaction.

A.Communication among members of a social group
B.Communication between two or more social groups
C.Communication between two individuals
D.Analysis of social process in groups

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: D

Analysis of social process in groups is not social interaction.

Social interaction is the reciprocal influence that people have on each other through communication and action: between two individuals, among members of a group, or between groups. Each of the first three options describes such communication.

Analysing social processes is a study made by a sociologist or researcher about interaction. It is not itself an act of communication between social actors, which is why it is the odd one out.

Discuss in Forum

34.

Which of the following is an informal agency of education ?

A.Religious institution
B.Anganwadi
C.Adult education centre
D.Night school

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: A

The informal agency is the religious institution.

Informal agencies educate incidentally, without a fixed curriculum, timetable or examinations. The family, community, peer group, mass media and religious institutions all shape a person's beliefs, values and conduct in this way, through worship, festivals, stories and moral teaching.

An Anganwadi is an organised pre-school and child care centre under the ICDS scheme, and adult education centres and night schools run planned courses for those outside regular schooling. They are formal or non-formal agencies, not informal ones.

Discuss in Forum

35.

A teacher introduces culture of different communities to his students, here he is performing the role as a ......................... .

A.Promoter
B.Conservator
C.Communicator
D.Creator

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: C

The teacher is acting as a Communicator of culture.

By introducing pupils to the cultures of different communities, the teacher conveys knowledge of customs, beliefs and ways of life from one group to another. That transmission across groups is the communicating role of the teacher, and it builds understanding and tolerance in a plural society.

A conservator preserves the pupils' own cultural heritage, a promoter actively develops and advances a culture, and a creator produces new cultural forms. Simply introducing the cultures of others is communication, not any of these.

Discuss in Forum

36.

Who wrote the book "School and Society" ?

A.Auguste Comte
B.John Dewey
C.Emil Durkheim
D.Robert Merton

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: B

The School and Society was written by John Dewey.

Published in 1899, the book grew out of lectures Dewey gave about his Laboratory School at the University of Chicago. It argues that the school should be an embryonic community linked to the life of society, with active occupations at its centre rather than passive listening.

Auguste Comte founded positivism and coined the word sociology. Emile Durkheim wrote Education and Sociology, and Robert Merton is known for his work on social structure and middle-range theory, but none wrote The School and Society.

Discuss in Forum

37.

Urbanization does not lead to ............................. .

A.Development of industries
B.Increased opportunities for varied job
C.Increase in thinking level of individual
D.Increase in economic status of individual

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: C

Urbanization does not lead to an increase in the thinking level of the individual.

Urbanization is the growth of towns and cities as people move from rural areas. It is closely tied to the development of industries, it creates more and more varied jobs, and it usually raises incomes and economic status. These are its direct economic consequences.

An individual's level of thinking depends on education, experience and ability, not on living in a city. Urban life may expose people to new ideas, but it does not of itself raise their thinking level, which is why this option is the exception.

Discuss in Forum

38.

The most dominant impediment for modernisation is ........................ .

A.The caste system
B.The religious system
C.The family system
D.The marriage system

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: A

The most dominant impediment to modernisation is the caste system.

Modernisation requires social mobility, status based on achievement, rational choice of occupation and equality before the law. The caste system fixes status and often occupation by birth, restricts marriage and social contact, and sustains inequality and untouchability, so in Indian sociology it is treated as the chief obstacle to modernisation.

Religion, family and marriage can also slow change, but they have adapted more readily, for example through nuclear families and inter-community marriages, while caste remains the most rigid barrier.

Discuss in Forum

39.

The main constraint to social change in India is ....................... .

A.Non-flexibility
B.International policy
C.Non-acceptance of novelty
D.Democracy

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: A

The main constraint to social change in India is Non-flexibility.

Social change requires a society to adjust its customs, institutions and attitudes. Rigid social structures, such as caste rules, traditional family roles and fixed customs, make Indian society slow to adapt, and this inflexibility is what the paper treats as the main constraint.

Non-acceptance of novelty is one result of that rigidity rather than the root constraint. International policy is an outside influence that can promote change, and democracy is a means of bringing about change, not a constraint on it.

Discuss in Forum

40.

Promotion of an employee to higher post due to acquisition of qualification is an example of ................... .

A.Vertical mobility
B.Diagonal mobility
C.Horizontal mobility
D.Circular mobility

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: A

It is an example of vertical mobility.

Social mobility is movement of a person between positions in the social structure. Vertical mobility is movement up or down the hierarchy of status, income or power; promotion to a higher post after gaining a qualification is upward vertical mobility, because the person's position rises.

Horizontal mobility is a change of position at the same level, such as a transfer to another office with the same rank. Diagonal and circular mobility are not standard categories in the basic classification of social mobility.

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