Knowledge Organisation and Retrieval Questions and Answers

Q: Arrange the following according to the preferred sources to take information for cataloguing :(i) Title page(ii) Colophon(iii) Preface(iv) Outside source

The order is (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv): title page, colophon, preface, outside source.The title page is the chief source of information for cataloguing a book. When it does not give an item of information, the cataloguer turns next to the other preliminaries and the colophon, then to the rest of the book, such as the preface, and only last to sources outside the item, with such information bracketed in the record.Options B, C and D either drop the title page from first place or consult an outside source before the book itself is exhausted.

Q: Which of the following are the salient features of UDC IME ?(i) Main class 4 is vacant(ii) More suitable to micro documents(iii) Minimum three digits in class number(iv) Notation is independent of any language scripts

The answer is (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct.In the Universal Decimal Classification main class 4 has been vacant since language was moved into class 8. UDC was designed for indexing articles and other micro documents in detail, not only whole books. Its notation of Arabic numerals and symbols works the same in any language or script, which is why it is used internationally.A minimum of three digits in the class number is a feature of the Dewey Decimal Classification, not UDC, so options containing (iii) are wrong.

Q: In the context of social tagging, what does the term 'folksonomy' refer to ?

Folksonomy refers to User-generated tagging systems.The word, coined by Thomas Vander Wal from 'folk' and 'taxonomy', describes the classification that emerges when many users freely attach their own tags to web content, as on social bookmarking and photo-sharing sites. It is bottom-up and uncontrolled.Traditional taxonomic classification is the opposite: a controlled, expert-built hierarchy. Popular cultural trends and social media influencers play on the 'folk' and 'social' parts of the words but have nothing to do with tagging.

Q: Which platform is known for popularizing social tagging and incorporating it into its content organization ?

The platform is Delicious.Delicious (del.icio.us), the social bookmarking site launched in 2003, built its whole organisation on user-assigned tags: users saved web links, labelled them with tags of their own and could browse everyone's bookmarks by tag. It is the standard example used when folksonomy and social tagging were first described.Facebook, Twitter and Instagram later adopted tagging and hashtags, but they are social networks first and were not the platform that popularised social tagging as a way of organising content.

Q: Metadata Dublin core refers to

The key takes Dublin Core metadata to refer to data elements in a database, so the answer is A.The Dublin Core is a small set of metadata elements, such as title, creator, subject, description and date, that describe a resource so that it can be found. Each is a data element used to describe an item in a database or on the web.Options B, C and D name particular kinds of elements (bibliographic, field or subject) and so are narrower than the key's general description.

91.

Arrange the following according to the preferred sources to take information for cataloguing :

(i) Title page
(ii) Colophon
(iii) Preface
(iv) Outside source

A.(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
B.(ii), (iii), (i) and (iv)
C.(i), (iii), (iv) and (ii)
D.(i), (iii), (ii) and (iv)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: A

The order is (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv): title page, colophon, preface, outside source.

The title page is the chief source of information for cataloguing a book. When it does not give an item of information, the cataloguer turns next to the other preliminaries and the colophon, then to the rest of the book, such as the preface, and only last to sources outside the item, with such information bracketed in the record.

Options B, C and D either drop the title page from first place or consult an outside source before the book itself is exhausted.

Discuss in Forum

92.

Which of the following are the salient features of UDC IME ?

(i) Main class 4 is vacant
(ii) More suitable to micro documents
(iii) Minimum three digits in class number
(iv) Notation is independent of any language scripts

A.(i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
B.(i), (iii) and (iv) are correct
C.(ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
D.(i), (ii) and (iii) are correct

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: A

The answer is (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct.

In the Universal Decimal Classification main class 4 has been vacant since language was moved into class 8. UDC was designed for indexing articles and other micro documents in detail, not only whole books. Its notation of Arabic numerals and symbols works the same in any language or script, which is why it is used internationally.

A minimum of three digits in the class number is a feature of the Dewey Decimal Classification, not UDC, so options containing (iii) are wrong.

Discuss in Forum

93.

In the context of social tagging, what does the term 'folksonomy' refer to ?

A.Traditional taxonomic classifications
B.Popular cultural trends
C.User-generated tagging systems
D.Social media influencers

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: C

Folksonomy refers to User-generated tagging systems.

The word, coined by Thomas Vander Wal from 'folk' and 'taxonomy', describes the classification that emerges when many users freely attach their own tags to web content, as on social bookmarking and photo-sharing sites. It is bottom-up and uncontrolled.

Traditional taxonomic classification is the opposite: a controlled, expert-built hierarchy. Popular cultural trends and social media influencers play on the 'folk' and 'social' parts of the words but have nothing to do with tagging.

Discuss in Forum

94.

Which platform is known for popularizing social tagging and incorporating it into its content organization ?

A.Facebook
B.Twitter
C.Delicious
D.Instagram

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: C

The platform is Delicious.

Delicious (del.icio.us), the social bookmarking site launched in 2003, built its whole organisation on user-assigned tags: users saved web links, labelled them with tags of their own and could browse everyone's bookmarks by tag. It is the standard example used when folksonomy and social tagging were first described.

Facebook, Twitter and Instagram later adopted tagging and hashtags, but they are social networks first and were not the platform that popularised social tagging as a way of organising content.

Discuss in Forum

95.

In MARC 21, subject access fields are

A.3xx
B.4xx
C.5xx
D.6xx

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

In MARC 21 the 6XX block holds the subject access fields, such as 600 for a personal name used as a subject, 650 for a topical term and 651 for a geographic name. The 3XX fields give physical description, the 4XX fields give series statements, and the 5XX fields hold notes. The answer is 6xx. A 650 field, for example, carries a topical subject heading, and its second indicator tells which thesaurus or list, such as LCSH, supplied the heading.

Discuss in Forum

96.

FRBR is developed by

A.LC
B.UNESCO
C.IFLA
D.FID

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

FRBR, Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records, was developed by an IFLA study group and published by IFLA in 1998. It sets out a model of entities (work, expression, manifestation, item), their attributes and relationships, to guide catalogue design. The Library of Congress, UNESCO and FID did not produce it. The answer is IFLA. The model separates a work, its expression, its manifestation and the single item, so that catalogue users can find all versions of a work together.

Discuss in Forum

97.

Assertion (A) : Metadata hold much promise for information retrieval and access in the digital age.

Reason (R) : Metadata can save a number of functions including description, resource discovery and management of resources.
Codes :

A.(A) is true, but (R) is false.
B.(A) is false, but (R) is true.
C.Both (A) and (R) are true.
D.Both (A) and (R) are false.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

Both statements are true. Metadata, data about data, supports retrieval and access of digital resources by describing them. It serves several functions, including description, resource discovery and management of resources, which is the basis of the promise in the assertion. So both (A) and (R) are true. The options that call either false are wrong. Dublin Core, a set of fifteen elements, is a well-known metadata scheme that serves this purpose for web resources.

Discuss in Forum

98.

Match the following :

List - I	List - II
a. Classification	i. LISA
b. Cataloguing	ii. UDC
c. Subject Heading	iii. AACR
d. Library Science Abstracts	iv. LCSH

Codes : a b c d

A.ii i iv iii
B.ii iii iv i
C.iv iii i ii
D.ii iv i iii

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

The correct match is a-ii, b-iii, c-iv, d-i. UDC is a classification scheme, AACR (Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules) is a cataloguing code, LCSH (Library of Congress Subject Headings) is a subject heading list, and LISA (Library and Information Science Abstracts) is an abstracting service. This gives the code ii iii iv i, which is option (B). UDC is the scheme of Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine, and LISA is the abstracting service of the library profession.

Discuss in Forum

99.

Metadata Dublin core refers to

A.Data elements in database
B.Bibliographic elements in database
C.Field elements in database
D.Subject elements in database

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

The key takes Dublin Core metadata to refer to data elements in a database, so the answer is A.

The Dublin Core is a small set of metadata elements, such as title, creator, subject, description and date, that describe a resource so that it can be found. Each is a data element used to describe an item in a database or on the web.

Options B, C and D name particular kinds of elements (bibliographic, field or subject) and so are narrower than the key's general description.

Discuss in Forum

100.

Read the following example and indicate the name of the indexing system used :

'Remuneration of teachers in French universities.'

The index headings are set as the following two lines :

France
Universities • Teachers • Remuneration
Universities • France
Teachers • Remuneration

A.Chain procedure
B.POPSI
C.PRECIS
D.KWIC

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The index entries, in which the terms are shifted from one position to another, are produced by PRECIS, so the answer is C.

PRECIS (Preserved Context Index System), devised by Derek Austin, writes each entry in two lines: a lead term in bold, with the other terms of the subject in a display that preserves the context. The term in the lead is shunted through the string, so 'France' and 'Universities' each get an entry, as in the two entries shown.

Chain procedure (A) gives entries from the links of a classification chain, POPSI (B) is based on the postulates of Ranganathan's system, and KWIC (D) shows each keyword in the middle of the title. None of them sets out an entry like these two.

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